Editing Zionism (section)

=== Labor Zionism ===
{{Main|Labor Zionism}}
[[File:Ber Borochov.jpg|120px|thumb|right|[[Ber Borochov|Dov Ber Borochov]], one of the leaders of Labor Zionism]]Led by socialists [[Nachman Syrkin]], [[Haim Arlosoroff]], [[Berl Katznelson]], and Marxist [[Ber Borochov]],<ref>{{bulleted list|
| {{harvnb|Schulman|1998}}
| {{harvnb|Sternhell|1999|p=35}}
| {{harvnb|Cohen|1984}}{{page needed|date=January 2025}}
}}</ref>{{sfn|Shafir|1996}} Labor or Socialist Zionism was a form of Zionism that combined messianic tendencies and [[socialism|socialist]] or [[social democracy|social democratic]] politics.<ref name="Perlmutter-1969">{{harvnb|Perlmutter|1969|p=}}:{{pn|date=March 2025}} "The Socialist-Zionist movement played a key role in Zionist colonization of Palestine. Its ideology became the most influential and persistent in the Jewish community in Palestine (the Yishuv) before the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. Socialist-Zionism has been associated with most of the pioneer and colonizing efforts, institutions and procedures since the second Zionist immigration wave (hadAliya ha-Shnia) to Palestine in 1904-05, and became the chief force in the nation-building of Israel. It dominated Zionist immigration, consolidated the nationalist movement, and diffused the principles of an egalitarian social system into the Yishuv in Palestine... Socialist-Zionist ideology was not a unitary, totalitarian, and single ideology. It was iconoclastic-as all ideologies are. It blended messianic with programmist tendencies and integrated a variety of trends, doctrines and formulations of socialism and Zionism. It contained elements of the Russian Social Democratic variety of Marxism, Bundism, the Austrian and German Social Democracy, Russian Anarchism, Bolshevism and even of utopian pre-Marxian socialism."</ref>{{sfn|Shafir|1996}} The labor Zionists promoted immigration and settlement, establishing "facts on the ground" as the main path towards statebuilding.<ref>{{harvnb|Kimmerling|2006}}: "The tactics that Labor Zionists used to build the Jewish community in Palestine were completely different. They believed less in "rights" and more in incrementally established facts on the ground".</ref> 

Labor Zionism became a mass movement with the founding of [[Poale Zion]] ("Workers of Zion") groups in Eastern and Western Europe and North America in the 1900s.{{sfn|Keßler|2019}} Poale Zion split between Left and Right after 1917. In 1919, the Right Poale Zion in Palestine disbanded to form the nationalist socialist [[Ahdut HaAvoda]], led by [[David Ben Gurion]];{{sfn|Teveth|1985|pp=66–70}}{{sfn|Getzoff|2019|p=}}{{pn|date=March 2025}}<ref>{{harvnb|Sternhell|1999}}: "The formal decision to found Ahdut Ha'avoda was made at the Convention of Agricultural Workers, held in February 1919. This was the first country-wide gathering of all regional agricultural workers' organizations. The elections took place according to the system of proportional representation, with 1 representative for every 25 people; small settlements were allowed to send 1 representative for every 12 people. Altogether, 58 representatives were elected to the convention, 28 of whom were nonparty, 11 from Hapo'el Hatza'ir, and 19 from Po'alei Tzion. Thus, a clear majority supported non-socialist, if not antisocialist, principles. Prior to this agricultural gathering, the two political parties also held conventions, and at the Po'alei Tzion convention in Jaffa on 21–23 February, the party disbanded in order to clear the way for the founding of Ahdut Ha'avoda."</ref> in 1930, it merged with [[Hapoel Hatzair]], founded by [[A. D. Gordon]], to form Mapai.<ref>{{harvnb|Laqueur|2009}}: "The two largest of them, Ahdut Ha'avoda and Hapoel Hatzair, merged in January 1930 to form Mapai."</ref>{{sfn|Getzoff|2019|p=}}{{pn|date=March 2025}} Labor Zionism, represented by Mapai, became the dominant force in the political and economic life of the [[Yishuv]] during the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate of Palestine]]. It was the dominant ideology of the political establishment in Israel until the [[1977 Israeli legislative election|1977 election]], when the [[Israeli Labor Party]] was defeated.<ref name="Perlmutter-1969"/> During the early twentieth century, the left wing of this tradition was represented by [[Hashomer Hatzair]], followed by [[Mapam]] in the late twentieth century, and [[Meretz]] until 2022.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

[[File:Mishmar HaEmek.JPG|thumb|Kibbutznikiyot (female Kibbutz members) in [[Mishmar HaEmek]], during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. The [[Kibbutz]] is the historical heartland of Labor Zionism.]] In Labor Zionist thought, a revolution of the Jewish soul and society was believed necessary and achievable in part by Jews moving to [[Israel]] and becoming farmers, workers, and soldiers in a country of their own. Labor Zionists established rural communes in Israel called "[[kibbutz]]im",{{sfn|Near|1986|p=}}{{pn|date=March 2025}} a form of [[collective farming|cooperative agriculture]] in which the [[Jewish National Fund]] hired Jewish workers under trained supervision. The kibbutzim were a symbol of the [[Second Aliyah]] in that they put great emphasis on communalism and egalitarianism, representing [[Utopian socialism]] to a certain extent. Furthermore, they stressed self-sufficiency, which became an essential aspect of Labor Zionism.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sternhell |first1=Zeev |title=The Founding Myths of Israel: Nationalism, Socialism, and the Making of the Jewish State |last2=Maisel |first2=David |date=1998 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |jstor=j.ctt7sdts |isbn=978-0-691-00967-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel – Labor Zionism |url=https://countrystudies.us/israel/11.htm |access-date=November 23, 2023 |website=countrystudies.us |archive-date=November 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123184510/https://countrystudies.us/israel/11.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>