Editing World Health Organization (section)

=== Financing and partnerships ===
{{update| section|date=November 2024}}
The WHO is financed by contributions from member states and outside donors. In 2020–21, the largest contributors were the [[Germany]], [[Gates Foundation]], [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]] and [[European Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/funding/contributors/usa|title=United States of America|publisher=WHO|access-date=26 June 2023|archive-date=26 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626115835/https://www.who.int/about/funding/contributors/usa|url-status=live}}</ref> The WHO Executive Board formed a Working Group on Sustainable Financing in 2021, charged to rethink WHO's funding strategy and present recommendations.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gostin |first1=Lawrence O. |last2=Klock |first2=Kevin A. |last3=Clark |first3=Helen |last4=Diop |first4=Fatimatou Zahra |last5=Jayasuriya |first5=Dayanath |last6=Mahmood |first6=Jemilah |last7=Waris |first7=Attiya |title=Financing the future of WHO |journal=The Lancet |date=23 March 2022 |volume=399 |issue=10334 |pages=1445–1447 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00533-5 |pmid=35338858 |pmc=8942479 }}</ref> Its recommendations were adopted by the 2022 World Health Assembly,<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Health Assembly agrees historic decision to sustainably finance WHO |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/24-05-2022-world-health-assembly-agrees-historic-decision-to-sustainably-finance-who |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=World Health Organization |language=en |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714184006/https://www.who.int/news/item/24-05-2022-world-health-assembly-agrees-historic-decision-to-sustainably-finance-who |url-status=live }}</ref> the key one being to raise compulsory member dues to a level equal to 50% of WHO's 2022–2023 base budget by the end of the 2020s.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Klock |first1=Kevin A. |last2=Gostin |first2=Lawrence O. |last3=Fitch |first3=Alexandra |last4=Wetter |first4=Sarah |last5=Perlman |first5=Vanessa S. |date=June 21, 2023 |title=5 Ways to Buttress WHO's Financing Ambition |url=https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-5-ways-to-buttress-who-s-financing-ambition-105731 |website=Devex |access-date=21 June 2023 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621225523/https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-5-ways-to-buttress-who-s-financing-ambition-105731 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+Top 10 contributors (biennium 2020–2021; updated until Q4-2021) in millions of US$
!No. !! Contributor !! Assessed contributions !! Voluntary contributions specified !! Core voluntary contributions !!Total<br />(biennium)  !! Share!! Source
|-
|1 || style="text-align:left;" | [[Germany]] || 58 || 953 || || 1,011 || 14.4% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Germany |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113938/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Germany |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2 || style="text-align:left;" | [[United States|United States of America]] || 232 || 448 || || 681 || 9.7% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2018-19/contributors/contributor?name=United+States+of+America |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=20 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507234456/http://open.who.int/2018-19/contributors/contributor?name=United%20States%20of%20America |archive-date=7 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|3 || style="text-align:left;" | [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] || || 592 || || 592 || 8.4% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Bill+&+Melinda+Gates+Foundation |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113936/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Bill+&+Melinda+Gates+Foundation |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|4 || style="text-align:left;" | [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]] || 44 || 367 || 120 || 531 || 7.6% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Northern+Ireland |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113937/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Northern+Ireland |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|5 || style="text-align:left;" | [[GAVI|GAVI Alliance]] || || 371 || || 371 || 5.3% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2018-19/contributors/contributor?name=GAVI+Alliance |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=20 April 2020 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725043639/http://open.who.int/2018-19/contributors/contributor?name=GAVI%20Alliance |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|6 || style="text-align:left;" | [[European Commission]] || || 310 || || 310 || 4.4% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=European+Commission |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113944/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=European+Commission |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|7 || style="text-align:left;" | [[Japan]] || 82 || 122 || || 204 || 2.9% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Japan |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113939/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Japan |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|8 || style="text-align:left;" | [[China]] || 115 || 63 || || 178 || 2.5% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=China|title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113941/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=China |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|9 || style="text-align:left;" | [[World Bank]] || || 158 || || 158 || 2.2% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=World+Bank |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113943/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=World+Bank |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|10 || style="text-align:left;" | [[Rotary International]] || || 152 || || 152 || 2.2% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Rotary+International |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113937/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor?name=Rotary+International |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Others || 530 || 2,306 || 144 || 2,980 || 42.4% ||
|-
! colspan="2" | Total || style="text-align:right;" |957 || style="text-align:right;" |5,824 || style="text-align:right;" |264 || style="text-align:right;" |7,031 || 100.0% ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor |title=WHO &#124; Programme Budget Web Portal |website=open.who.int |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626113938/http://open.who.int/2020-21/contributors/contributor |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
* Assessed contributions are the dues the Member States pay depending on the states' wealth and population
* Voluntary contributions specified are funds for specific programme areas provided by the Member States or other partners
* Core voluntary contributions are funds for flexible uses provided by the Member States or other partners

==== Past ====
At the beginning of the 21st century, the WHO's work involved increasing collaboration with external bodies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/civilsociety/documents/en/RevreportE.pdf |title=WHO's interactions with Civil Society and Nongovernmental Organizations |year=2002 |website=WHO/CSI/2002/WP6 |publisher=WHO |page=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104615/http://www.who.int/civilsociety/documents/en/RevreportE.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref> {{As of|2002}}, a total of 473 nongovernmental organizations (NGO) had some form of partnership with WHO. There were 189 partnerships with international NGOs in formal "official relations" – the rest being considered informal in character.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/civilsociety/documents/en/RevreportE.pdf |title=WHO's interactions with Civil Society and Nongovernmental Organizations |year=2002 |website=WHO/CSI/2002/WP6 |publisher=WHO |page=10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104615/http://www.who.int/civilsociety/documents/en/RevreportE.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref> Partners include the [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/livingproofproject/Pages/gavi.aspx |title=Living Proof Project: Partner Profile |publisher=[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] |access-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223034039/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/livingproofproject/Pages/gavi.aspx |archive-date=23 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[Rockefeller Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/what-we-do/current-work/transforming-health-systems/grants-grantees/world-health-oganizations-alliance |title=World Health Organization's Alliance for Health Systems and Policy Research |publisher=[[Rockefeller Foundation]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710062352/https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/what-we-do/current-work/transforming-health-systems/grants-grantees/world-health-oganizations-alliance |archive-date=10 July 2012 |access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref>

{{As of|2012}}, the largest annual assessed contributions from member states came from the United States ($110&nbsp;million), Japan ($58&nbsp;million), Germany ($37&nbsp;million), United Kingdom ($31&nbsp;million) and France ($31&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/about/resources_planning/2012_2013_AC_summary.pdf |title=Assessed Contributions payable by Member States and Associate Members – 2012–2013 |publisher=WHO |access-date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617070356/http://www.who.int/about/resources_planning/2012_2013_AC_summary.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The combined 2012–2013 budget proposed a total expenditure of $3,959&nbsp;million, of which $944&nbsp;million (24%) will come from assessed contributions. This represented a significant fall in outlay compared to the previous 2009–2010 budget, adjusting to take account of previous underspends. Assessed contributions were kept the same. Voluntary contributions will account for $3,015&nbsp;million (76%), of which $800&nbsp;million is regarded as highly or moderately flexible funding, with the remainder tied to particular programmes or objectives.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/pb/2012-2013/PB_2012%E2%80%932013_eng.pdf |title=Programme Budget, 2012–2013 |publisher=WHO |pages=10, 15–16 |access-date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617074331/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/pb/2012-2013/PB_2012%E2%80%932013_eng.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to [[Associated Press|The Associated Press]], the WHO routinely spends about $200&nbsp;million a year on travel expenses, more than it spends to tackle mental health problems, [[HIV/AIDS]], [[tuberculosis]] and [[malaria]] combined. In 2016, [[Margaret Chan]], director-general of WHO from January 2007 to June 2017,<ref>{{cite web |title=World Health Assembly elects Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus as new WHO Director-General |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/director-general-elect/en/|publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=25 May 2017 |location=Geneva |date=23 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525003359/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/director-general-elect/en/ |archive-date=25 May 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> stayed in a $1000-per-night hotel room while visiting West Africa.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/1cf4791dc5c14b9299e0f532c75f63b2/AP-Exclusive:-Health-agency-spends-more-on-travel-than-AIDS |title=Health agency spends more on travel than AIDS |first=Maria |last=Cheng |date=22 May 2017 |access-date=27 June 2017 |work=[[Associated Press]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610145023/https://www.apnews.com/1cf4791dc5c14b9299e0f532c75f63b2/AP-Exclusive:-Health-agency-spends-more-on-travel-than-AIDS |archive-date=10 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The biggest contributor used to be the United States, which gives over $400&nbsp;million annually.<ref name="The-New-York-Times-2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/world/coronavirus-news.html |title=Global Criticism for Trump's W.H.O. Cuts Over Coronavirus Response: Live Updates |date=15 April 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=15 April 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415182639/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/world/coronavirus-news.html |archive-date=15 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> U.S. contributions to the WHO are funded through the [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department's]] account for Contributions to International Organizations (CIO). In April 2020, U.S. President [[Donald Trump]], with backing by members of his party,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-who-congress-idUSKBN21Y39W |title=Backing Trump, U.S. Republicans call for WHO chief to resign |newspaper=[[Reuters]] |date=16 April 2020 |access-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505175849/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-who-congress-idUSKBN21Y39W |archive-date=5 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> announced that his administration would halt funding to the WHO.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52289056 |title=US to halt funding to WHO over coronavirus |work=[[BBC News]] |date=15 April 2020 |access-date=15 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165559/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52289056 |archive-date=17 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Funds previously earmarked for the WHO were to be held for 60–90 days pending an investigation into the WHO's handling of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], particularly in respect to the organization's purported relationship with China.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/14/coronavirus-trump-halts-funding-to-world-health-organization |title=Trump halts World Health Organization funding over coronavirus 'failure' |first=David |last=Smith |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=15 April 2020 |access-date=15 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511150234/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/14/coronavirus-trump-halts-funding-to-world-health-organization |archive-date=11 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The announcement was immediately criticized by world leaders including [[António Guterres]], the secretary general of the United Nations; [[Heiko Maas]], the German foreign minister; and [[Moussa Faki|Moussa Faki Mahamat]], African Union chairman.<ref name="The-New-York-Times-2020" /> During the first two years of the pandemic, American funding of the WHO declined by a quarter, although it is expected to increase during 2022 and 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Guarascio |first1=Francesco |last2=Farge |first2=Emma |date=26 January 2022 |title=Exclusive: U.S. funding to WHO fell by 25% during pandemic |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/exclusive-us-funding-who-fell-by-25-during-pandemic-document-2022-01-25/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |archive-date=27 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127010037/https://www.reuters.com/world/exclusive-us-funding-who-fell-by-25-during-pandemic-document-2022-01-25/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 16 May 2020, the Trump Administration agreed to pay up to what China pays in assessed contributions, which is less than about one-tenth of its previous funding. Biennium 2018–2019 China paid in assessed contributions US$75,796K, in specified voluntary contributions US$10,184K, for a total US$85,980K.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump administration to restore partial funding to World Health Organization: Fox News |date=16 May 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-who/trump-administration-to-restore-partial-funding-to-world-health-organization-fox-news-idUSKBN22S057 |access-date=16 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516052110/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-who/trump-administration-to-restore-partial-funding-to-world-health-organization-fox-news-idUSKBN22S057 |archive-date=16 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=By contributor |publisher=WHO |url=http://open.who.int/2018-19/contributors/contributor?name=China |access-date=16 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625180838/https://open.who.int/2018-19/contributors/contributor?name=China |archive-date=25 June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>