Editing Vatican City (section)

== Culture ==
{{See also|Music of Vatican City}}

=== Cultural heritage ===
{{See also|Architecture of Vatican City|Vatican Museums}}
[[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|thumb|[[St. Peter's Basilica]] is one of the most renowned works of Renaissance architecture.<ref name="w583">{{Cite web |date=20 July 1998 |title=History, Architects, Relics, Art, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Saint-Peters-Basilica |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>]]

The Vatican City is home to some of the most famous art in the world. [[St. Peter's Basilica|St Peter's Basilica]], designed by a succession of architects including [[Bramante]], [[Michelangelo]], [[Giacomo della Porta]], [[Carlo Maderno]] and [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]], is a renowned work of [[Renaissance architecture]]. The [[Sistine Chapel]] is famous for its frescos, which include works by [[Perugino]], [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]] and [[Sandro Botticelli]], as well as the [[Sistine Chapel ceiling|ceiling]] and [[Last Judgment]] by Michelangelo. The interiors of the Vatican were decorated by artists including [[Raphael]] and [[Fra Angelico]].

The [[Vatican Apostolic Library]] and the collections of the [[Vatican Museums]] are of the highest historical, scientific and cultural importance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2020 |title=The Vatican Library Goes Online and Digitizes Tens of Thousands of Manuscripts, Books, Coins, and More |url=https://www.openculture.com/2020/01/the-vatican-library-goes-online-and-digitizes-tens-of-thousands-of-manuscripts-books-coins-and-more.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422174241/https://www.openculture.com/2020/01/the-vatican-library-goes-online-and-digitizes-tens-of-thousands-of-manuscripts-books-coins-and-more.html |archive-date=22 April 2022 |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=Open Culture}}</ref> Added by [[UNESCO]] to the List of [[World Heritage Site]]s in 1984, the Vatican is the only site to consist of an entire state.<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |title=Vatican City – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203638/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286/ |archive-date=25 December 2017 |access-date=10 October 2009 |website=[[whc.unesco.org]] |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> It is the only UNESCO site registered as a ''centre containing monuments'' in the "International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection" according to the 1954 [[Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict]].<ref name="UNESCO" />

=== Science ===
Following in the footsteps of the [[Accademia dei Lincei|Pontifical Academy of New Lincei]] founded by [[Pope Pius IX]] in 1847, [[Pope Pius XI]] founded the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]] in 1936, which, located in the [[Casina Pio IV]], guarantees [[academic freedom]] to contribute to [[mathematical sciences|mathematical]], [[Outline of physical science|physical]] (including [[astronomy]], [[Earth sciences]], [[physics]] and [[chemistry]]) and [[natural sciences]] (e.g., [[medicine]], [[neuroscience]], [[biology]], [[genetics]], [[biochemistry]]), and confront [[epistemology|epistemological]] issues, with interests also in the [[history of science]]. Among the [[academician]]s, there are or were the [[astrophysicist]] [[Martin John Rees]], the [[mathematician]] [[Cédric Villani]], the [[theoretical physics|theoretical physicist]] [[Edward Witten]], the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] laureates [[Jennifer Doudna]] and [[Emmanuelle Charpentier]], and [[Ernest Rutherford]], the [[genetics|geneticists]] [[Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza]] and [[Francis Collins]], the [[head transplant]] pioneer [[Robert J. White]], the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] [[Alexander Fleming]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.pas.va/en/about/history.html |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=Pontifical Academy of Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Disciplines |url=https://www.pas.va/en/academicians/disciplines.html |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=Pontifical Academy of Sciences}}</ref>

The [[Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences]] is another [[pontifical academy]] of the [[Holy See]] located in the Vatican City, which deals with [[anthropology]], [[communication studies]], [[information sciences]], [[cybernetics]], [[economics]], [[education]], [[geography]], [[history]], [[law]], [[linguistics]], [[political science]], [[psychology]], [[behavioral sciences]], [[sociology]] and [[demography]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disciplines |url=https://www.pass.va/en/academicians/disciplines.html |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences}}</ref> The seat of the [[Pontifical Academy for Life]], whose domains are [[bioethics]] and [[ethics of technology]], is at [[Palazzo San Callisto|San Callisto complex]], a Vatican [[Properties of the Holy See#Outside Vatican City but inside Rome|extraterritorial property]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pontifical academies |url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/index.htm |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=vatican.va |publisher=[[Dicastery for Communication]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuova sede dal Primo marzo 2024 |trans-title=New headquarters from 1 March 2024 |url=https://www.academyforlife.va/content/pav/it/notizie/2024/nuovo-indirizzo-1-marzo-2024.html |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=Pontifical Academy for Life |language=it}}</ref>

The [[Vatican Observatory]], whose origins date back to the 16th century, continues to contribute to astronomical research, especially through a partnership with the [[University of Arizona]] and the [[Infrared astronomy|infrared]] and [[Visible-light astronomy|optical]] [[Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope]] in [[Arizona]], and to astronomical [[education]] and "[[popular science]]" projects. As a member of the [[International Astronomical Union]] and the [[International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics]], it deals with research on [[physical cosmology|cosmological models]], [[stellar classification]], [[binary star]]s, and [[nebulae]]. It has contributed to [[philosophy|philosophical]] [[interdisciplinary]] studies at the [[Graduate Theological Union|Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences]] in [[Berkeley, California]] and research on the [[history of astronomy]] thanks to its extensive library, which includes a [[meteorite]] [[collection (museum)|collection]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Specola vaticana |trans-title=Vatican Observatory |url=https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/organismi-scientifici/specola-vaticana.html |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=vaticanstate.va |publisher=Vatican City Directorate of Telecommunications and Computer Services |language=it}}</ref>

Some of the Vatican telescopes of the [[astronomy|astronomical]] institution named [[Vatican Observatory]] participated in creating the [[Carte du Ciel]], but they have progressively become useless or limited for [[research]] purposes due to [[light pollution]] in their locations: Vatican City (the [[Gardens of Vatican City]] and near [[St. Peter's Basilica]]) and the Vatican [[Properties of the Holy See#Outside Rome|extraterritorial]] [[Palace of Castel Gandolfo]].{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

=== Sport ===
{{Main|Sport in Vatican City}}

The Vatican City is not a member of the [[International Olympic Committee]] and does not compete in the [[Olympic Games]], though it has participated in some international sporting events, including the [[World Cycling Championships]],<ref name="Pender 2022">{{Cite web |last=Pender |first=Kieran |date=23 September 2022 |title=Vatican sends holy rouleur Down Under on world road cycling mission |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2022/sep/24/vatican-sends-holy-rouleur-to-wollongong-on-world-road-cycling-mission |access-date=5 April 2024 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> the [[Championships of the Small States of Europe]] and the [[Mediterranean Games]].<ref name="Med Games">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=Vatican runner to compete in half marathon at Med Games |url=https://apnews.com/article/sports-africa-religion-marathons-7cc49933950805875868eafce3c398c6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317065921/https://apnews.com/article/sports-africa-religion-marathons-7cc49933950805875868eafce3c398c6 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |access-date=5 April 2024 |website=AP News}}</ref> Vatican City has its own athletics association, [[Athletica Vaticana]].<ref name="LOsservatore Romano 2023 a014">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2023 |title=Promoting solidarity and peace through sports |url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/en/news/2023-11/ing-045/promoting-solidarity-and-peace-through-sports.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405133324/https://www.osservatoreromano.va/en/news/2023-11/ing-045/promoting-solidarity-and-peace-through-sports.html |archive-date=5 April 2024 |access-date=5 April 2024 |website=L'Osservatore Romano}}</ref>

[[Association football|Football]] in Vatican City is organized by the [[Vatican Amateur Sports Association]], which holds the national championship, called the [[Vatican City Championship]], with eight teams, including, for example, the Swiss Guard's [[FC Guardia]] and police and museum guard teams.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life in the Guard |url=https://www.guardiasvizzera.va/content/guardiasvizzera/en/guardia/vita-nella-guardia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204065802/http://www.guardiasvizzera.va/content/guardiasvizzera/en/guardia/vita-nella-guardia.html |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=10 September 2016 |website=Pontifical Swiss Guard}}</ref> The association organizes the [[Coppa Sergio Valci]] and the [[Supercoppa (Vatican City)|Vatican Supercoppa]]. It controls the [[Vatican City national football team]], which is neither affiliated with [[UEFA]] nor [[FIFA]].