Editing University of St Andrews (section)

=== University blessing and grace ===
[[Peter Redford Scott Lang]] reintroduced a tradition of praying the grace before and after meals when he brought back student common dinners in 1887.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Christmas feasting in St Andrews – Special Collections blog |url=https://special-collections.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/2016/12/15/christmas-feasting-in-st-andrews/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=special-collections.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414094331/https://special-collections.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/2016/12/15/christmas-feasting-in-st-andrews/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Lang, the use of Latin graces at student meals had disappeared by the time of [[Samuel Johnson]]'s visit to St Andrews in 1773.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Lang |first=Peter Redford Scott |url=https://encore.st-andrews.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rx2704075 |title=Notes of Professor Peter Redford Scott Lang on the origins of the Grace of the University of St Andrews and comment thereon. |publisher=Formerly in the possession of Miss Scott Lang. |year=1900 |isbn= |location=University of St Andrews Library Department of Special Collections |pages=1–6 |language=English |access-date=12 April 2022 |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223173758/https://encore.st-andrews.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rx2704075?lang=eng&ivts=w06HD%2BuxbbHgHoM1%2FgKnRQ%3D%3D&casts=3BUoEN9zfESrZPlPVNtBKg%3D%3D |url-status=live }}</ref> Johnson was astonished that the grace was not recited in Latin, and it was requested that he write a Latin grace for the university.<ref name=":2" /> Common meals at the university ceased in 1820 and so did the grace with them.<ref name=":1"/> Lang wrote that he learned of the grace from [[George Edward Day]], who himself learned it from an elder retired professor while visiting Sir [[Benjamin Ward Richardson]].<ref name=":2" /> At dinner, the retired professor recited a short grace, explaining that Johnson's grace was so long that the president could not remember it except for one sentence: ''Sit nomen domini benedictum'' (blessed be the name of the Lord).<ref name=":2" /> The shorter grace became the standard until common dinners ceased to occur.<ref name=":2" /> Reinstituting common student dinners in 1887, Lang reintroduced the university blessing and university grace.<ref name=":1" />

Due to the story of the composition of the graces by Samuel Johnson, there has previously been a belief that the University of St Andrews' graces derived from Johnson's alma mater, [[Pembroke College, Oxford]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Cant |first=Ronald Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jq7AAAAIAAJ&q=ronald%20cant%20history%20of%20university%20of%20st%20andrews |title=The University of St Andrews: A Short History / by R. G. Cant, M.A., Lecturer in Mediaeval history in the United College of St Salvator and St Leonard. |publisher=Oliver and Boyd |year=1946 |location=Edinburgh, Tweeddale Court |pages=95 |isbn=9780701117085 |language=English |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405231718/https://books.google.com/books?id=_jq7AAAAIAAJ&q=ronald%20cant%20history%20of%20university%20of%20st%20andrews |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a historian of the University of St Andrews, Ronald Gordon Cant, the current graces and the music settings composed for them "although based on traditional forms, these forms had no specific connection with earlier St Andrews usage, and bear no resemblance whatsoever to the old Pembroke grace".<ref name=":3" /> Thus, Cant states that the current graces "were specially composed for the Common Dinners instituted in 1887".<ref name=":3" />

'''University Blessing:'''<blockquote>''Sit nomen Domini Benedictum per Jesum Christum salvatorem nostrum. Amen.''<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Lang |first=Peter Redford Scott |url=https://encore.st-andrews.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rx2704069 |title=Two copies by Sir Peter Redford Scott Lang of the music for the Grace and Blessing of the University of St Andrews by Sir Alexander Campbell Mackenzie. |publisher=Sir Alexander Campbell Mackenzie |year=1900 |location=University of St Andrews Library Department of Special Collections |pages=1–2 |language=English |access-date=12 April 2022 |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223173758/https://encore.st-andrews.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rx2704069?lang=eng&ivts=UA6nkis0s%2FW2UomLeQzVAw%3D%3D&casts=qGp1Ig4IXzExfShaKMvGrg%3D%3D |url-status=live }}</ref>

(Blessed be the name of the Lord through Jesus Christ, our Saviour. Amen.)</blockquote>'''University Grace:'''

Before Meat:<blockquote>''Gloria Patri Filio Spirituique Sancto In Saecula Saeculorum. Amen.''<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

(Glory be to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. World Without End. Amen.)</blockquote>After Meat:<blockquote>''Deo Gratias.''<ref name=":2" />

(Thanks be to God.)</blockquote>