Editing Ukrainian language (section)

===Orthography===
{{main|Ukrainian orthography}}{{see also|Ukrainian orthography of 2019}}
[[File:KB_Ukrainian.svg|thumb|A Ukrainian keyboard layout]]
Spelling search,{{clarify|date=November 2022}} which began in the late 18th century with the emergence of modern literary language, led to the emergence of several spelling options. In particular, there was the spelling system of Oleksii Pavlovskyi, the [[Shashkevychivka|spelling version of "Mermaid of the Dniester"]] (1837), Kulishivka (P. Kulish's spelling system), [[Drahomanivka]] (produced in Kyiv in the 1870s by a group of cultural figures led by linguist P. Zhytetskyi, which included and M. Drahomanov), [[Zhelekhivka]] (system of Yevhen Zhelekhovskyi (1886), enshrined in the ''Ruthenian Grammar'' by Smal-Stotskyi and [[Theodor Gartner|Theodore Gartner]] 1893).{{cn|date=June 2024}}

[[Borys Grinchenko|Borys Hrinchenko]] used some corrections in the fundamental four-volume ''Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language'' (1907–1909). Most of the spelling rules (practically based on phonetics – "write as you hear") used in Hrinchenko's dictionary are still valid. Hrinchenko's work became an informal spelling and model for Ukrainian writers and publications from 1907 until the creation of the first official Ukrainian spelling in 1918.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

On 17 January 1918, the [[Central Council of Ukraine|Central Rada of Ukraine]] issued the "Main Rules of Ukrainian orthography", which, however, did not cover the entire scope of the language. On 17 May 1919, the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences approved the "Main Rules of Ukrainian Orthography", which became the basis for all subsequent revisions and amendments.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

On 23 July 1925, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided to organize a State Commission for the Organization of Ukrainian Spelling (State Spelling Commission). It included more than 20 academics from the USSR, who also expressed a desire to invite representatives of Western Ukraine: Smal-Stotskyi, [[Volodymyr Hnatiuk]] and Vasyl Simovych.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

After almost a year of work in April 1926, the "Project of Ukrainian Spelling" was published to acquaint the general public with the new system. After several months of discussion and consideration of the project at the All-Ukrainian Spelling Conference (26 May – 6 June 1927), the Ukrainian orthography of 1928 was adopted in accordance with the RNC resolution of 6 September 1928. It went down in history as "Kharkiv" or "Skrypnik orthography" – from the place of creation, or from the surname of Skrypnyk.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

In 1929, Hryhorii Holoskevych published the ''Ukrainian Spelling Dictionary'' (about 40,000 words), agreed with the full spelling produced by the State Spelling Commission and approved by the People's Commissar for Education (6 September 1928).<ref>[http://www.r2u.org.ua/data/Правописний%20словник%20%281929%29.pdf Голоскевич Григорій. ''Правописний словник''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222225840/http://r2u.org.ua/data/Правописний%20словник%20(1929).pdf|date=22 December 2010}} (за нормами Українського правопису Всеукраїнської Академії Наук, Харків, 1929&nbsp;р.)</ref>

In 1933, a spelling commission headed by Andrii Khvylia branded the Ukrainian orthography of 1928 as "nationalist", immediately stopped publishing any dictionaries, and without any discussion, in a very short time (five months), created a [[Ukrainian orthography of 1933|new spelling]] that unified as never before the Ukrainian and Russian languages. The letter ґ was removed from the alphabet, and Ukrainian scientific terminology was revised and harmonized with Russian-Ukrainian dictionaries (the Institute of Ukrainian Scientific Language was abolished in 1930). This version of the spelling was approved by the resolution of the People's Commissar of Education of the USSR of 5 September 1933.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

Some minor changes were made in the spelling of 1946 and 1959 (published the following year). It was connected with the document "The rules of Russian spelling and punctuation", published in 1956. From 1960 until 1990, the 1960 edition was the official standard.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

After the beginning of "perestroika", the issue of improving Ukrainian spelling became relevant again: the editing of the spelling code was started by the Orthographic Commission at the LMM of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The project was also discussed in the newly established Ukrainian Language Society. T. Shevchenko (headed by [[Dmytro Pavlychko]]). The new version was approved on 14 November 1989, and published in 1990. The main achievements were the restoration of the letter ґ and the [[Vocative case|accusative case]] (in Soviet times it was optional and was called the ''accusative form'').{{cn|date=June 2024}}

Today, despite the existence of the official spelling of the Ukrainian language, it is not the only spelling standard in use. Even in Ukraine itself, many publishers and publications use other versions of the spelling, which either tend to "skrypnykivka", or else differ from the official rules of transmission of words of foreign origin.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

On 22 May 2019, the [[Government of Ukraine|Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine]] approved a [[Ukrainian orthography of 2019|new version of the orthography]] prepared by the Ukrainian National Commission on Spelling. The new edition brought to life some features of orthography in 1928, which were part of the Ukrainian orthographic tradition. At the same time, the commission was guided by the understanding that the language practice of Ukrainians in the second half of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century has already become part of the Ukrainian orthographic tradition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ministry of Education and Science explained why they changed the Ukrainian spelling. Law and Business|url=https://zib.com.ua/ua/print/140751-u_mon_poyasnili_navischo_minyali_ukrainskiy_pravopis.html|website=zib.com.ua|accessdate=2021-04-06|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410215126/https://zib.com.ua/ua/print/140751-u_mon_poyasnili_navischo_minyali_ukrainskiy_pravopis.html|url-status=live}}</ref>