Editing The Troubles (section)

== Casualties ==
[[File:Troubles deaths by perpetrator.png|thumb|Responsibility for Troubles-related deaths between 1969 and 2001]]
According to the [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN), 3,532 people were killed as a result of the conflict between 1969 and 2001.<ref name="sutton-year">{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Year.html|title=Sutton Index of Deaths: Year of the death|work=[[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN)|publisher=[[Ulster University]]|access-date=25 February 2016|archive-date=14 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714232618/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Year.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Of these, 3,489 were killed up to 1998.<ref name="sutton-year"/> According to the book ''Lost Lives'' (2006 edition), 3,720 people were killed as a result of the conflict from 1966 to 2006. Of these, 3,635 were killed up to 1998.<ref>[[David McKittrick]] et al. ''Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles''. Random House, 2006. pp. 1551–1554</ref>

In ''The Politics of Antagonism: Understanding Northern Ireland'', [[Brendan O'Leary]] and [[John McGarry]] point out that "nearly two per cent of the population of Northern Ireland have been killed or injured through political violence [...] If the equivalent ratio of victims to population had been produced in Great Britain in the same period some 100,000 people would have died, and if a similar level of political violence had taken place, the number of fatalities in the USA would have been over 500,000".<ref>Brendan O'Leary and John McGarry. ''The Politics of Antagonism: Understanding Northern Ireland''. London: The Athlone Press, 2nd edition, 1996. pp. 12–13.<!-- ISBN needed --></ref> Using this relative comparison to the US, analyst John M. Gates suggests that whatever one calls the conflict, it was "certainly not" a "[[low intensity conflict]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wooster.edu/history/jgates/book-ch11.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103183053/http://www.wooster.edu/history/jgates/book-ch11.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2007|title=John M. Gates, Ch. 11, The Continuing Problem of Conceptual Confusion – Title|date=3 January 2007}}</ref>

In 2010, it was estimated that 107,000 people in Northern Ireland suffered some physical injury as a result of the conflict. On the basis of data gathered by the [[Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency]], the [[Victims' Commissioner|Victims Commission]] estimated that the conflict resulted in 500,000 'victims' in Northern Ireland alone. It defines 'victims' are those who are directly affected by 'bereavement', 'physical injury', or 'trauma' as a result of the conflict.<ref>Simon Cunningham. "Troubles created 500 000 victims says official body", ''The Irish News'', 27 September 2011.</ref>

One statistical breakdown of Troubles deaths put the death toll at 3,466, with 3,218 lives lost in Northern Ireland, 125 in Great Britain, 105 in the Republic of Ireland, and 18 in the rest of Europe.<ref name="TroublesRepublic">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/troubles/troubles_stats.html|title=Statistical breakdown of deaths in the 'Troubles'|website=www.wesleyjohnston.com|access-date=28 April 2024|archive-date=19 October 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021019190826/https://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/troubles/troubles_stats.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Responsibility ===
Republican paramilitaries were responsible for some 60% of all deaths, loyalists 30% and British security forces 10%.<ref name="suttonresponsible"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Responsibility for killing<ref name="suttonresponsible"/>
|-
! scope="col" |Responsible party
! scope="col" |No.
! scope="col" |%
|-
| Republican paramilitary groups
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,058
| style="text-align:right;" | 60%
|-
| Loyalist paramilitary groups
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,027
| style="text-align:right;" | 30%
|-
| British security forces
| style="text-align:right;" | 365
| style="text-align:right;" | 10%
|-
| Persons unknown
| style="text-align:right;" | 77
| style="text-align:right;" | 
|-
| Irish security forces
| style="text-align:right;" | 5
| style="text-align:right;" | 
|-
| '''Total'''
| style="text-align:right;" | '''3,532'''
|}

Loyalists killed 48% of the [[civilian]] casualties, republicans killed 39%, and the British security forces killed 10%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/crosstabs.html|title=Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations (two-way tables)|work=Conflict Archive on the Internet|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=24 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324044004/http://www.cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/crosstabs.html|url-status=live}} (choose "organization summary" and "status" as the variables)</ref> Most of the Catholic civilians were killed by loyalists, and most of the Protestant civilians were killed by republicans.<ref>Rogelio Sáenz, David G. Embrick, Néstor P. Rodríguez (editors). ''The International Handbook of the Demography of Race and Ethnicity''. Springer, 2015. p. 518</ref>

Of those killed by republican paramilitaries:<ref name=org-status/>

* 1,080 (~52.5%) were members/former members of the British security forces
* 722 (~35.1%) were civilians
* 188 (~9.2%) were members of republican paramilitaries
* 57 (~2.8%) were members of loyalist paramilitaries
* 11 (~0.5%) were members of the [[Irish security forces]]

Of those killed by loyalist paramilitaries:<ref name=org-status/>

* 878 (~85.5%) were civilians
* 94 (~9.2%) were members of loyalist paramilitaries
* 41 (~4.0%) were members of republican paramilitaries
* 14 (~1.4%) were members of the British security forces

Of those killed by British security forces:<ref name=org-status>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/crosstabs.html|title=Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations (two-way tables)|work=Conflict Archive on the Internet|access-date=1 September 2014|archive-date=24 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324044004/http://www.cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/crosstabs.html|url-status=live}} (choose "organization summary" and "status summary" as the variables)</ref>

* 188 (~51.5%) were civilians
* 146 (~40.2%) were members of republican paramilitaries
* 18 (~5.0%) were members of loyalist paramilitaries
* 13 (~3.6%) were fellow members of the British security forces

=== Status ===

Approximately 52% of the dead were civilians, 32% were members or former members of the British security forces, 11% were members of republican paramilitaries, and 5% were members of loyalist paramilitaries.<ref name="suttonresponsible">{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Organisation_Summary.html|title=Sutton Index of Deaths: Summary of Organisation responsible|work=[[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN)|publisher=[[Ulster University]]|access-date=24 February 2016|archive-date=21 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721103456/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Organisation_Summary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> About 60% of the civilian casualties were Catholics, 30% of the civilians were Protestants, and the rest were from outside Northern Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/crosstabs.html|title=Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations (two-way tables)|work=Conflict Archive on the Internet|access-date=1 September 2014|archive-date=24 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324044004/http://www.cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/crosstabs.html|url-status=live}} (choose "status summary" and "religion summary" as the variables)</ref>

About 257 of those killed were children under the age of seventeen, representing 7.2% of the total,<ref>{{Cite journal|author1-link=Orla Muldoon|last=Muldoon|first=Orla T.|year=2004|title=Children of the Troubles:The Impact of Political Violence in Northern Ireland|journal=Journal of Social Issues|volume=60|issue=3|pages=453–468|doi=10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00366.x}}</ref> while 274 children under the age of eighteen were killed during the conflict.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Browne|first=Brendan|year=2014|title=Navigating Risk: Understanding the Impact of the Conflict on Children and Young People in Northern Ireland|journal=Studies in Conflict and Terrorism|volume=37|issue=9|pages=792–805|doi=10.1080/1057610X.2014.931213|s2cid=111038600|url=https://pure.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/18617363/Navigating_Risk_Understanding_the_Impact_of_the_Conflict_on_Children_and_Young_People.pdf|access-date=16 August 2019|archive-date=22 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722155821/https://pure.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/18617363/Navigating_Risk_Understanding_the_Impact_of_the_Conflict_on_Children_and_Young_People.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

It has been the subject of dispute whether some individuals were members of paramilitary organisations. Several casualties that were listed as civilians were later claimed by the IRA as their members.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/bloodysunday/article/0,,718401,00.html "Bloody Sunday victim did volunteer for us, says IRA"], ''The Guardian'', 19 May 2002.</ref> One Ulster Defence Association (UDA) and three Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) members killed during the conflict were also Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) soldiers at the time of their deaths.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1975.html|title=Sutton Index of Deaths: 1975|work=[[Conflict Archive on the Internet]](CAIN)|publisher=[[Ulster University]]|access-date=1 September 2014|archive-date=14 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514143816/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1975.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At least one civilian victim was an off-duty member of the [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]].<ref>Robert Dunseath, killed in the Teebane massacre was a member of the [[Royal Irish Rangers]]: [http://www.royalirishrangers.co.uk/role.html Royal Irish Rangers roll of honour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010084137/http://www.royalirishrangers.co.uk/role.html |date=10 October 2017 }}, royalirishrangers.co.uk. Retrieved 11 March 2015.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Deaths by status of victim<ref name="suttonstatus"/>
|-
! scope="col" | Status
! scope="col" | No.
|-
| Civilians <small>(inc. Civilian political activists)</small>
| style="text-align:right;" | 1840<!-- the Sutton tables don't count ex-combatants as civilians -->
|-
| British security force personnel <small>(serving and former members)</small>
| style="text-align:right;" | 1114<!-- the Sutton tables don't count ex-combatants as civilians -->
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | [[British Army]] (inc. [[Ulster Defence Regiment|UDR]], [[Royal Irish Regiment (1992)|RIR]] and [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|TA]])
| style="text-align:right;" | 757
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 319
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | [[Northern Ireland Prison Service]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 26
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | [[Policing in the United Kingdom|English police forces]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 6
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | [[Royal Air Force]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | [[Royal Navy]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
|-
| Irish security force personnel
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | [[Garda Síochána]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | [[Irish Army]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | [[Irish Prison Service]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| Republican paramilitaries
| style="text-align:right;" | 397<!-- the Sutton tables don't count ex-combatants as civilians -->
|-
| Loyalist paramilitaries
| style="text-align:right;" | 170<!-- the Sutton tables don't count ex-combatants as civilians -->
|}

=== Location ===
[[File:Deaths in The Troubles by area.png|thumb|Troubles deaths by area]]
Most killings took place within Northern Ireland, especially in Belfast and County Armagh. Most of the killings in Belfast took place in the west and north of the city. [[Dublin]], London and [[Birmingham]] were also affected, albeit to a lesser degree than Northern Ireland itself. Occasionally, the IRA attempted or carried out attacks on British targets in Gibraltar, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/dfa72018b4c95d84d74ccc418561acda|title=Two Suspected IRA members Arrested in Belgium, Netherlands|website=AP NEWS|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-date=23 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623161305/https://apnews.com/dfa72018b4c95d84d74ccc418561acda|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/29/archives/ira-sets-off-bomb-at-belgian-concert-15-persons-are-hurt-in.html|title=I.r.a. Sets Off Bomb at Belgian Concert|newspaper=The New York Times|date=29 August 1979|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307151347/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/29/archives/ira-sets-off-bomb-at-belgian-concert-15-persons-are-hurt-in.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conflict-related deaths by location<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Location.html|title=Sutton Index of Deaths: Geographical Location of the death|work=Conflict Archive on the Internet|access-date=1 September 2014|archive-date=8 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608064741/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Location.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" | No.
|-
| [[Belfast]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,541
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | West Belfast
| style="text-align:right;" | 623
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | North Belfast
| style="text-align:right;" | 577
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | South Belfast
| style="text-align:right;" | 213
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | East Belfast
| style="text-align:right;" | 128
|-
| [[County Armagh]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 477
|-
| [[County Tyrone]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 340
|-
| [[County Down]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 243
|-
| [[Derry]] City
| style="text-align:right;" | 227
|-
| [[County Antrim]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 209
|-
| [[County Londonderry]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 123
|-
| [[County Fermanagh]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 112
|-
| [[Republic of Ireland]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 116
|-
| England
| style="text-align:right;" | 125
|-
| Continental Europe
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|}

=== Chronological listing ===

<!-- THE TROUBLES ARE SEEN AS HAVING FINISHED IN 1998. 2003 DEATHS DO NOT BELONG HERE UNLESS SOMEWHERE LIKE CAIN UPDATES THEIR SITE, EDITORS SHOULD NOT ARBITRARILY DECIDE TO EXTEND THE TROUBLES -->

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Conflict-related deaths by year<ref name="sutton-year" />
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | No.
|-
| 2001
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|-
| 2000
| style="text-align:right;" | 19
|-
| 1999
| style="text-align:right;" | 8
|-
| 1998
| style="text-align:right;" | 55
|-
| 1997
| style="text-align:right;" | 22
|-
| 1996
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
| 1995
| style="text-align:right;" | 9
|-
| 1994
| style="text-align:right;" | 64
|-
| 1993
| style="text-align:right;" | 88
|-
| 1992
| style="text-align:right;" | 88
|-
| 1991
| style="text-align:right;" | 97
|-
| 1990
| style="text-align:right;" | 81
|-
| 1989
| style="text-align:right;" | 76
|-
| 1988
| style="text-align:right;" | 104
|-
| 1987
| style="text-align:right;" | 98
|-
| 1986
| style="text-align:right;" | 61
|-
| 1985
| style="text-align:right;" | 57
|-
| 1984
| style="text-align:right;" | 69
|-
| 1983
| style="text-align:right;" | 84
|-
| 1982
| style="text-align:right;" | 111
|-
| 1981
| style="text-align:right;" | 114
|-
| 1980
| style="text-align:right;" | 80
|-
| 1979
| style="text-align:right;" | 121
|-
| 1978
| style="text-align:right;" | 82
|-
| 1977
| style="text-align:right;" | 110
|-
| 1976
| style="text-align:right;" | 297
|-
| 1975
| style="text-align:right;" | 260
|-
| 1974
| style="text-align:right;" | 294
|-
| 1973
| style="text-align:right;" | 255
|-
| 1972
| style="text-align:right;" | 480
|-
| 1971
| style="text-align:right;" | 171
|-
| 1970
| style="text-align:right;" | 26
|-
| 1969
| style="text-align:right;" | 16
|}

=== Additional statistics ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Additional estimated statistics on the conflict<ref name="secdef05">{{cite web |last1=Melaugh |first1=Mertin |last2=Lynn |first2=Brendan |last3=McKenna |first3=F. |title=Northern Ireland Society – Security and Defence |url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/ni/security.htm |work=[[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] |publisher=[[Ulster University]] |access-date=20 February 2019 |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226112129/https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/ni/security.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | Incident
! scope="col" | No.
|-
| Injury
| style="text-align:right;" | 47,541
|-
| Shooting incident
| style="text-align:right;" | 36,923
|-
| Armed robbery
| style="text-align:right;" | 22,539
|-
| People charged with paramilitary offences
| style="text-align:right;" | 19,605
|-
| Bombing and attempted bombing
| style="text-align:right;" | 16,209
|-
| Arson
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,225
|}

=== List of Deaths (1969) ===
{{main|List of people killed during The Troubles (1969–1998)}}