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=== Mother tongue movement === [[Taiwanese localization movement|Taiwanization]] developed in the 1990s into a '[[mother tongue]] revival movement' aiming to save, preserve, and develop the local ethnic culture and language of Holo (Taiwanese), Hakka, and aborigines. The effort to [[Language revitalization|save declining languages]] has since allowed them to revive and flourish. In 1993, Taiwan became the first country in the world to implement the teaching of Taiwanese Hokkien in schools. By 2001, Taiwanese languages such as Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka, and indigenous languages were taught in all Taiwanese schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e-j/45/45-16.htm|author=許嘉文|date=15 March 2005|language=zh|script-title=zh:台灣鄉土教育發展史|trans-title=The education history of local Taiwanese languages}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=March 2016}}{{dubious|date=March 2016}} Since the 2000s, elementary school students are required to take a class in either Taiwanese, Hakka or aboriginal languages.{{sfnp|Lin|2002}}{{dubious|date=March 2016}} In junior high this is usually an available [[Course (education)#Elective and required courses|elective]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ey.gov.tw/AnnoucePage2.aspx|title=行政院全球資訊網|website=www.ey.gov.tw|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref> Taiwan also has its own [[Taiwan literature movement|literary circle]] whereby Hokkien poets and writers compose poetry and literature in Taiwanese on a regular basis. As a result of the mother tongue movement, Taiwan has emerged as a significant cultural hub for Hokkien in the world in the 21st century. It also plans to be the major export center for [[Hokkien culture]] worldwide in the 21st century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npf.org.tw/11/4118 |title=馬英九 {{!}} 馬蕭文化政策 {{!}} 國家政策研究基金會 {{!}} 公共政策的理性思辯與對話平台!|website=國家政策研究基金會|language=zh-TW|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref>
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