Editing Superpower (section)

===Proto-globalization (1500–1800)===
{{Main article|Proto-globalization}}
The&nbsp;[[Age of Discovery]]&nbsp;brought a broad change in globalization, being the first period in which previously isolated parts of the world became connected to form the&nbsp;[[world system]], and the first [[colonial empire]]s of the [[early modern age]] emerged, such as the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]], [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]], [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] and [[French colonial Empire|French]] empires.<ref>{{cite book |last=Aldrich |first=Robert |title=Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion |date=1996 |page=304}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC&pg=PA218 |title=Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2003 |isbn=9781576073353 |editor-last=Page |editor-first=Melvin E. |page=218 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Englund |first=Steven |title=Napoleon: A Political Life |date=2005 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |page=254}}</ref> The [[British Empire]], after its [[Glorious Revolution]] in 1688 and its pioneering role in the industrialization process in the 18th century would lead to its global [[hegemony]] in the 19th century and early 20th century (before the [[World War I]]).<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Spiezio |first=K. Edward |date=1990 |title=British Hegemony and Major Power War, 1815–1939: An Empirical Test of Gilpin's Model of Hegemonic Governance |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2600707 |journal=International Studies Quarterly |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=165–181 |doi=10.2307/2600707 |jstor=2600707 |issn=0020-8833}}</ref> 

The contact between distant civilizations was highly facilitated as well as the mapping of a large part of the planet, with people in this historical period having a better understanding of the global map of the [[Planet Earth]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=European exploration – Age of Discovery, Voyages, Expansion {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/European-exploration/The-Age-of-Discovery |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Portuguese Empire]] (main reserve currency from c.1450 to 1530: [[Portuguese real]])
* [[Spanish Empire]] (main reserve currency from 1530 to 1640: [[Spanish dollar]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=H |first=Kamen |title=Spain's Road To Empire: The Making Of A World Power, 1492–1763 |pages=640p}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Spanish Armada |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472582362.ch-009 |work=A History of the English-Speaking Peoples |year=1956 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |doi=10.5040/9781472582362.ch-009 |isbn=978-1-4725-8236-2 |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref>
* [[Dutch Empire]] (main reserve currency from 1640 to 1720: [[Dutch guilder]])
* [[French colonial Empire]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Aldrich |first=Robert |title=The French Overseas |date=1996 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24729-5_6 |work=Greater France |pages=122–162 |place=London |publisher=Macmillan Education UK |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-24729-5_6 |isbn=978-0-333-56740-1 |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 March 2004 |title=Colonialism: an international, social, cultural, and political encyclopedia |journal=Choice Reviews Online |volume=41 |issue=7 |pages=218 |doi=10.5860/choice.41-3809 |doi-broken-date=1 February 2025 |issn=0009-4978}}</ref> (main reserve currency from 1720 to 1815: [[Livre tournois]] and [[French franc]])<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jordan |first=David P. |date=June 2007 |title=''Napoleon: A Political Life'' . By Steven Englund. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004. Pp. xiv+575. $18.95. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519344 |journal=The Journal of Modern History |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=438–440 |doi=10.1086/519344 |issn=0022-2801}}</ref>
* [[British Empire]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suciu |first=Peter |date=5 March 2022 |title=Turkey Could Be a Naval Power in Europe Again |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/turkey-could-be-naval-power-europe-again-200991 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=The National Interest |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ottoman Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book |author=Stone, Norman |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/986757557 |title=Turkey : a short history |date=2017 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0-500-29299-0 |oclc=986757557}}</ref> 
* [[Habsburg empire]] during the reign of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Mitchell |first=A. Wess |title=The Habsburg Puzzle |date=1 October 2019 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196442.003.0001 |work=The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire |pages=1–18 |publisher=Princeton University Press |doi=10.23943/princeton/9780691196442.003.0001 |isbn=9780691196442 |access-date=2022-12-27}}</ref>