Editing Sioux (section)

==Ethnic and modern geographical divisions==
[[File:Sioux social structure council fires.jpg|thumb|Santee Dakota, Yankton-Yanktonai and Lakota historic distribution<br>(the map still misnames the Yankton-Yanktonai grouping as [[Nakota]])]]
[[File:Stella Yellow Shirt, Dakota Sioux, with baby, by Heyn Photo, 1899.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Stella Yellow Shirt and her baby (Dakota, 1899)]]
[[File:Sioux-Baby sling.jpg|thumb|Sioux cradleboard]]
[[File:Keeble's family at MOH ceremony.jpg|thumbnail|Family members of U.S. Army Master Sgt. [[Woodrow Wilson Keeble]] attending his Medal of Honor ceremony]]

The Sioux are divided into three ethnic groups, the larger of which are divided into sub-groups, and further branched into bands. The earliest known European record of the Sioux identified them in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin.<ref name="riggs"/> After the introduction of the horse in the early 18th century, the Sioux dominated larger areas of land—from present-day Central Canada to the [[Platte River]], from Minnesota to the [[Yellowstone River]], including the [[Powder River (Montana)|Powder River]] country.<ref name="dog soldiers"/>

The Sioux maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations and communities in North America: in the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Montana in the United States; and in [[Manitoba]], and southern [[Saskatchewan]] in Canada. Today, many Sioux also live outside their reservations.

==={{Lang|dak|Isáŋyathi}} (Santee or Eastern Dakota)===
{{anchor|Eastern Dakota}} {{Main|Dakota people}}

In the past, they were a [[woodland]] people who thrived on hunting, fishing, and farming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenicc.edu/index.php/en/santee-sioux-nation|title=Santee Sioux Nation History|website=Nebraska Indian Community College|access-date=22 November 2018|archive-date=November 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123191205/http://www.thenicc.edu/index.php/en/santee-sioux-nation|url-status=live}}</ref>

Migrations of [[Ojibwe]] from the east in the 17th and 18th centuries, with muskets supplied by the French and British, pushed the Dakota further into Minnesota and west and southward. The US gave the name ''Dakota Territory'' to the northern expanse west of the [[Mississippi River]] and up to its headwaters.<ref name="riggs"/> Today, the Santee live on reservations, reserves, and communities in Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Canada. However, after the Dakota war of 1862 many Santee were sent to [[Crow Creek Indian Reservation]] and in 1864 some from the Crow Creek Reservation were sent to the [[Santee Sioux Reservation]].
* '''Santee division (Eastern Dakota)''' ({{Lang|dak|Isáŋyathi}})<ref name="NLD" />
** [[Mdewakanton]]wan ({{Lang|dak|Bdewékhaŋthuŋwaŋ}} {{Gloss|Spirit Lake Village}})<ref name="NLD" />
**: notable persons: [[Little Crow]]
** Sisseton ({{Lang|dak|Sisíthuŋwaŋ}}, perhaps meaning {{Gloss|Fishing Grounds Village}})
** Wahpekute ({{Lang|dak|Waȟpékhute}}, {{Gloss|Leaf Archers}})<ref name="NLD" />
**: notable persons: [[Inkpaduta]]
** Wahpetonwan ({{Lang|dak|Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ}}, {{Gloss|Leaf Village}})<ref name="NLD" />
**: notable persons: [[Charles Eastman]] (Ohiyesa)

==={{Lang|dak|Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna}} (Yankton-Yanktonai or Western Dakota)===
{{anchor|Western Dakota}} {{Main|Dakota people}}

The {{Lang|dak|Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna}}, also known by the [[Anglicisation|anglicized]] names ''Yankton'' ({{Lang|dak|Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ}}: {{Gloss|End village}}) and ''Yanktonai'' ({{Lang|dak|Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna}}: {{Gloss|Little end village}}), consist of two bands or two of the Seven Council Fires. According to ''Nasunatanka'' and ''Matononpa'' in 1880, the Yanktonai are divided into two sub-groups known as the Upper Yanktonai and the Lower Yanktonai (Hunkpatina).<ref name="riggs"/> Today, most of the Yanktons live on the [[Yankton Indian Reservation]] in southeastern South Dakota. Some Yankton live on the [[Lower Brule Indian Reservation]] and [[Crow Creek Indian Reservation]]. The Yanktonai are divided into Lower Yanktonai, who occupy the Crow Creek Reservation; and Upper Yanktonai, who live in the northern part of [[Standing Rock Indian Reservation]], on the [[Spirit Lake Tribe]] in central North Dakota, and in the eastern half of the [[Fort Peck Indian Reservation]] in northeastern Montana. In addition, they reside at several Canadian reserves, including Birdtail, Oak Lake, and Moose Woods.<ref name="NLD" />

They were involved in quarrying [[Catlinite|pipestone]]. The Yankton-Yanktonai moved into northern Minnesota. In the 18th century, they were recorded as living in the [[Mankato]] region of Minnesota.<ref name="Dakota ways">{{cite book |last1=OneRoad |first1=Amos E. |last2=Skinner |first2=Alanson |title=Being Dakota: Tales and Traditions of the Sisseton and Wahpeton |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society |year=2003 |isbn=0-87351-453-X }}</ref>
* '''Yankton-Yanktonai division (Western Dakota)''' ({{Lang|dak|Wičhíyena}})
** Yankton ({{Lang|dak|Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ}}, {{Gloss|End Village}})<ref name="NLD" />
** Yanktonai ({{Lang|dak|Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna}}, {{Gloss|Little End Village}})<ref name="NLD" />
*** Upper Yanktonai
*** Unkpatina<ref>not to be confused with the Oglala ''thiyóšpaye'' bearing the same name, "Unkpatila", the most famous member of which was [[Crazy Horse]]</ref> or Lower Yanktonai
**: notable persons: [[Wanata]] and [[War Eagle (Dakota Leader)|War Eagle]]

==={{Lang|dak|Thítȟuŋwaŋ}} (Teton or Lakota)===
{{Main|Lakota people}}

Prior to obtaining horses in the 17th century, the Lakota were located near present-day Minnesota. Dominating the northern Great Plains with their light cavalry, the western Sioux quickly expanded their territory to the [[Rocky Mountains]] (which they call {{Lang|dak|Heska}}, {{Gloss|white mountains}}) by the 1800s.

Their traditional diet includes [[American bison|bison]] and corn. They traditionally acquired corn mostly through trade with the eastern Sioux and their linguistic cousins, the [[Mandan]] and [[Hidatsa]] along the [[Missouri River]] prior to the reservation era.<ref name="riggs"/> The name ''Teton'' or {{Lang|dak|Thítȟuŋwaŋ}} is archaic among the people, who prefer to call themselves {{Lang|dak|Lakȟóta}}.<ref name="NLD">{{cite book |last=Ullrich |first=Jan |title=New Lakota Dictionary (Incorporating the Dakota Dialects of Yankton-Yanktonai and Santee-Sisseton) |publisher=Lakota Language Consortium |year=2008 |pages=1–2 |isbn=978-0-9761082-9-0 }}</ref> Today, the Lakota are the largest and westernmost of the three groups, occupying lands in both [[North Dakota|North]] and [[South Dakota]].
* '''Teton division ([[Lakota people|Lakota]])''' (''{{Lang|dak|Thítȟuŋwaŋ}}'',<ref name="NLD" /> perhaps meaning {{Gloss|Dwellers on the Prairie}}):
** [[Oglala Lakota|Oglála]] (perhaps meaning {{Gloss|Those Who Scatter Their Own}})
**: notable persons: [[Crazy Horse]], [[Red Cloud]], [[Black Elk]], [[Iron Tail]], [[Flying Hawk]], and [[Billy Mills]] (Olympian)
** [[Hunkpapa]] ({{Lang|dak|Húŋkpapȟa}},<ref name="NLD" /> meaning {{Gloss|Those who Camp by the Door}} or {{Gloss|Wanderers}})
**: notable persons: [[Sitting Bull]]
** [[Sihasapa]] ({{Lang|dak|Sihásapa}}, {{Gloss|Blackfoot Sioux}},<ref name="NLD" /> not to be confused with the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]]-speaking [[Piegan Blackfeet]])
**: notable persons: [[John Grass]] (Matȟó Watȟákpe)
** [[Miniconjou]] ({{Lang|dak|Mnikȟówožu}}, {{Gloss|Those who Plant by Water}})<ref name="NLD" />
**: notable persons: [[Lone Horn]] and [[Touch the Clouds]]
** [[Brulé]] ([[French language|French]] translation of {{Lang|dak|Sičháŋǧu}}, {{Gloss|Burned Thigh}})<ref name="NLD" />
**: notable persons: [[Spotted Tail]]
** [[Sans Arc]] (French translation of {{Lang|dak|Itázipčho}}, {{Gloss|Those Without Bows}})<ref name="NLD" />
**: notable persons: [[Black Hawk (artist)|Black Hawk]] (Čhetáŋ Sápa')
** [[Two Kettles]] ({{Lang|dak|Oóhenuŋpa}}, {{Gloss|Two Boilings}})<ref name="NLD" />
**: notable persons: [[Eagle Woman|Eagle Woman That All Look At]] (Waŋblí Ayútepiwiŋ)