Editing Shenzhen (section)

== Environment ==
=== Parks and beaches ===
{{Main|List of parks in Shenzhen}}
[[File:20201112 The skyline at Shenzhen Bay.jpg|left|thumb|View of the [[China Resources Headquarters]] from [[Shenzhen Bay Park]]]]
Shenzhen has an extensive three-level public park system that was established in 2006, which categorizes parks as natural parks, urban parks, and community parks. By 2019, the city had 1,090 parks covering about 39,320 hectares, including 33 natural parks, 152 urban parks and 905 community parks. According to state-owned news outlet [[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]], Shenzhen plans to build and renovate over 40 parks per year, bringing the number of parks in the city to 1,500 by 2035.<ref>{{Cite web|title=市属公园名录|url=http://apps.szgm.gov.cn/szgm/132104/253539/253555/253607/1367701/index.html|access-date=2021-07-23|website=apps.szgm.gov.cn|archive-date=23 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723164921/http://apps.szgm.gov.cn/szgm/132104/253539/253555/253607/1367701/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shenzhen establishes over 1,000 parks to improve ecological environment - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/24/c_138418334.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926185751/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/24/c_138418334.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 September 2019|access-date=2021-07-23|website=xinhuanet.com}}</ref> [[Lianhuashan Park]] is located on the territory of 150 hectares in the [[Futian District]]. At the top of its Lotus Hill is a six-metre bronze statue of [[Deng Xiaoping]].<ref name=":Chatwin" />{{Rp|page=111}} Wutongshan National Park is spread around the [[Wutong Mountain|mountain of the same name]] in the Luohu District. From the observation deck, there is a view of the Shenzhen skyline as well as Hong Kong and the surrounding bay, and on the next peak there is a transmission tower of a local television station.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wutong Mountains|url=http://www.szcpost.com/2009/03/shenzhen-wutong-mountains.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507013504/http://www.szcpost.com/2009/03/shenzhen-wutong-mountains.html|archive-date=7 May 2012|access-date=1 December 2018}}</ref>

[[Shenzhen Bay Park]], located along the city's coastline along [[Deep Bay, China|Shenzhen Bay]], opened in 2011, which included the nearby Mangrove Park. There are several thematic recreation areas and attractions, and along the 9-kilometer-long coastal strip there is an embankment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shenzhen Bay Park|url=http://www.echinacities.com/shenzhen/city-in-pulse/shenzhen-bay-park-opens-to-visitors.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909184459/http://www.echinacities.com/shenzhen/city-in-pulse/shenzhen-bay-park-opens-to-visitors.html|archive-date=9 September 2011|access-date=1 December 2018}}</ref> The Mangrove Ecopark was established in 2000 in the Futian District and at that time was the smallest national park in China. A large group of birds migrate to the ecopark in the [[mangrove]]s on an area of 20.6 hectares in a 9-kilometer coastal zone of the Shenzhen Bay.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shenzhen Mangrove Seaside Ecology Park|url=http://www.szcpost.com/2009/11/shenzhen-mangrove-seaside-ecology-park.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715005708/http://www.szcpost.com/2009/11/shenzhen-mangrove-seaside-ecology-park.html|archive-date=15 July 2012|access-date=1 December 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Dameisha Beach 230530 (1).jpg|thumb|[[Dameisha Beach]]]]
Shenzhen Bay Park is connected to the Dashahe Park (大沙河公园, 'big sand river'), located in Nanshan District, it follows the Dashahe River.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ren |first1=Hai |last2=Wu |first2=Xiaoming |last3=Ning |first3=Tianzhu |last4=Huang |first4=Gu |last5=Wang |first5=Jun |last6=Jian |first6=Shuguang |last7=Lu |first7=Hongfang |date=2011-07-01 |title=Wetland changes and mangrove restoration planning in Shenzhen Bay, Southern China |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-010-0126-z |journal=Landscape and Ecological Engineering |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=241–250 |doi=10.1007/s11355-010-0126-z |s2cid=44054426 |issn=1860-188X}}</ref> Other notable parks in Shenzhen include the Shenzhen Garden Flower Exposition Center, [[Shenzhen Safari Park]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shenzhen Safari Park, Wildlife Zoo, Guangdong|url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/guangdong/shenzhen/safari-park.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202155101/https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/guangdong/shenzhen/safari-park.htm|archive-date=2 December 2018|access-date=2018-12-01|website=travelchinaguide.com}}</ref> Xili Lake Resort,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Xili Lake Holiday Resort, Shenzhen, Guangdong|url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/guangdong/shenzhen/xilihu.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202155114/https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/guangdong/shenzhen/xilihu.htm|archive-date=2 December 2018|access-date=2018-12-01|website=travelchinaguide.com}}</ref> and Yangtai Mountain Fountain Park. Shenzhen also has several beaches: [[Dameisha Beach|Dameisha]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=大梅沙|l=big mesa}}) and {{interlanguage link|Xiaomeisha|zh|小梅沙}} ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=小梅沙|l=small mesa}}) in the [[Yantian District]], and Jinshawan ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=金沙湾|l=golden sands bay}}), Nan'ao ({{lang-zh|labels=no|c=南澳|l=southern inlet}}), and [[Xichong, Shenzhen|Xichong]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=西冲|lwest flush}}) in [[Dapeng Peninsula]] (in the vicinity of [[Dapeng New District]], which is administered by the [[Longgang District, Shenzhen|Longgang District]]).<ref name="Karacs-2017" />

=== Pollution ===
{{See also|Pollution in China}}

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Shenzhen achieved an average [[air quality index]] (AQI) score of 44.8&nbsp;μg/m<sup>3</sup> and daily AQI score of 19&nbsp;μg/m<sup>3</sup>. Out of ten Chinese mega-cities, Shenzhen recorded the lowest in average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration (22.5&nbsp;μg/m<sup>3</sup>), average PM<sub>10</sub> concentration (37.7&nbsp;μg/m<sup>3</sup>), average carbon monoxide concentration (0.6&nbsp;μg/m<sup>3</sup>), and average nitrogen dioxide concentration (21.9&nbsp;μg/m<sup>3</sup>).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ethan|first1=Crystal Jane|last2=Mokoena|first2=Kingsley Katleho|last3=Yu|first3=Yan|date=2021-03-19|title=Air Pollution Status in 10 Mega-Cities in China during the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=18|issue=6|page=3172|doi=10.3390/ijerph18063172|issn=1661-7827|pmc=8003380|pmid=33808577|doi-access=free}}</ref> Swiss environmental technology company [[IQAir]] attributed most of the pollution in Shenzhen to stem from the engineering industry, continued use of coal, and traffic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shenzhen Air Quality Index (AQI) and China Air Pollution {{!}} AirVisual|url=https://www.iqair.com/us/china/guangdong/shenzhen|access-date=2021-07-23|website=iqair.com|language=en-us}}</ref>

In 2014, Shenzhen experienced severe water pollution in the city's rivers and waterways, with 173 of the 310 rivers considered to be in "critical" condition and four rivers: the Maozhou, Guanlan, Longgang and Pingshan Rivers, to be the most polluted out of all rivers in the Pearl River Delta. The pollutants in the river consisted mainly of ammonia, phosphorus, and nitrogen. In response, the city conducted a campaign to restore the city's rivers by building more water pipes and sewage treatment plants.<ref name="SCMorningPost-2014" /><ref name="Shenzhen.gov-2021b" />

=== Environmental protection ===
[[File:BYD e6 (2nd generation) taxi in Shenzhen.jpg|thumb|A [[BYD Auto|BYD]] electric taxi in Shenzhen.]]
From 2000 to 2014, Shenzhen spent 30 billion RMB to restore the city's rivers from water pollution, which some were considered at the time to be the most polluted in the Pearl River Delta. The city had constructed 33 sewage treatment plants and laid almost {{Convert|4300|km|mi}} of sewage pipes.<ref name="SCMorningPost-2014">{{Cite web|date=2014-09-20|title=Shenzhen is losing its fight against pollution in main rivers|last1=He|first1=Huifeng|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1596367/shenzhen-losing-its-fight-against-pollution-main-rivers|access-date=2021-07-23|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> By 2020, the city laid an additional {{Convert|3274|km|mi}} of water pipelines and completed 13,793 pipeline renovation projects in urban villages and housing estates.<ref name="Shenzhen.gov-2021b">{{Cite web|title=SZ creates miracle in water treatment_Latest News-Shenzhen Government Online|url=http://www.sz.gov.cn/en_szgov/news/latest/content/post_7895652.html|access-date=2021-07-23|website=sz.gov.cn}}</ref>

In 2009, Shenzhen was chosen as one of thirteen cities to pilot a national new-energy vehicle program. In 2017, Shenzhen offered 3.3 billion RMB in subsidies in electric buses and the construction of charging facilities. In mid-2018, the city made major headlines for being the first city to roll an all-electric public bus fleet. In the same year, more than half of the city's taxi fleet are electric, with the goal to turn the fleet all-electric.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-17|title=Shenzhen's green quest leaves Hong Kong miles behind|first1=Johan|last1=Nylander|url=https://www.scmp.com/business/article/2150718/dirty-cousin-not-anymore-shenzhens-green-quest-leaves-hong-kong-miles|access-date=2021-07-23|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-01-07|title=Giving up gas: China's Shenzhen switches to electric taxis|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/giving-gas-chinas-shenzhen-switches-electric-taxis-60223144|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107223714/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/giving-gas-chinas-shenzhen-switches-electric-taxis-60223144|archive-date=7 November 2020|access-date=2021-07-23|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Crothers|first=Brooke|date=14 February 2021|title=This Chinese City Has 16,000 Electric Buses And 22,000 Electric Taxis|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brookecrothers/2021/02/14/this-chinese-city-has-16000-electric-buses-and-22000-electric-taxis/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=First buses, now Shenzhen has turned its taxis electric in green push|last1=Liao|first1=Rita|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/04/shenzhen-electric-taxis-push/|access-date=2021-07-23|website=TechCrunch|date=4 January 2019|language=en-US}}</ref> By early 2019, Shenzhen rolled out an all-electric taxi fleet, with 99% of taxis now electric-powered.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-08|title=Hi-tech Shenzhen charges ahead with all-electric taxi fleet|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2181159/hi-tech-shenzhen-streaks-ahead-china-all-electric-taxi-fleet|access-date=2021-07-23|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref>

In late 2019, Shenzhen launched a garbage classification program in which waste is to be sorted in four categories: recyclables, kitchen waste, hazardous waste, and other waste.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shenzhen Releases New Garbage Sorting Guidelines|url=https://www.thatsmags.com/china/post/28744/shenzhen-releases-new-garbage-sorting-guidelines|access-date=2021-07-23|website=That's Online|language=en}}</ref> Residents who follow the guidelines will be given cash while those who do not would be fined by the government.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-18|title=Reward: Shenzhen offers cash for top trash sorters|last1=Zhang|first1=Phoebe|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3033560/reward-shenzhen-offers-cash-top-trash-sorters|access-date=2021-07-23|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Residents who resist garbage sorting to face punishment_Latest News-Shenzhen Government Online|url=http://www.sz.gov.cn/en_szgov/news/latest/content/post_8036878.html|access-date=2021-07-23|website=sz.gov.cn}}</ref>