Editing Shanghai (section)

== Culture ==
{{main|Culture of Shanghai}}
[[File:Shanghai Nights.jpg|thumb|upright|Shanghai [[Citi Bank]] Building operates a light show, shining the phrase "I love Shanghai."]]

The culture of Shanghai was formed by a combination of the nearby [[Wuyue culture]] and the "East Meets West" [[Haipai]] culture. Wuyue culture's influence is manifested in Shanghainese language—which comprises dialectal elements from nearby Jiaxing, Suzhou, and Ningbo—and [[Shanghai cuisine]], which was influenced by [[Jiangsu cuisine]] and [[Zhejiang cuisine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.shine.cn/feature/art-and-culture/The-key-ingredients-of-Shanghai-culture/shdaily.shtml|title=The key ingredients of Shanghai culture|work=[[Shanghai Daily]]|date=2 June 2018|access-date=16 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216112246/https://archive.shine.cn/feature/art-and-culture/The-key-ingredients-of-Shanghai-culture/shdaily.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Haipai culture emerged after Shanghai became a prosperous port in the early 20th century, with numerous foreigners from Europe, America, Japan, and India moving into the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.topchinatravel.com/shanghai/shanghai-style-culture.htm|title=Shanghai-style Culture|publisher=Top China Travel|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022084025/https://www.topchinatravel.com/shanghai/shanghai-style-culture.htm|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The culture fuses elements of [[Western cultures]] with the local Wuyue culture, and its influence extends to the city's literature, fashion, architecture, music, and cuisine.<ref name="The Culture of Shanghai. Beijing">{{cite web|last1=Xu|first1=S.L|title=The Culture of Shanghai. Beijing|url=http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en/2006-08/28/content_85051_2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216011720/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en/2006-08/28/content_85051_2.htm|archive-date=16 December 2012}}</ref> The term Haipai—originally referring to a painting school in Shanghai—was coined by a group of Beijing writers in 1920 to criticize some Shanghai scholars for admiring [[capitalism]] and Western culture.<ref name="The Culture of Shanghai. Beijing" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Yu |first1=Jianhua (俞剑华) |script-title=zh:中国绘画史（下册）|date=1937|publisher=[[The Commercial Press]] |location=Shanghai |page=196}}</ref> In the early 21st century, Shanghai has been recognized as a new influence and inspiration for [[cyberpunk]] culture.<ref>Sahr Johnny, "Cybercity – Sahr Johnny's Shanghai Dream" ''[[That's Shanghai]]'', October 2005; quoted online by [http://www.xyberia.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081636/http://www.xyberia.com/|date=14 January 2012}}</ref>

=== Museums ===
{{see also|List of museums in China#Shanghai}}
[[File:China Art Museum 1.jpg|left|thumb|The China Art Museum, located in [[Pudong]]]]
Cultural curation in Shanghai has seen significant growth since 2013, with several new museums having been opened in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smartshanghai.com/articles/arts/3-new-museums-to-look-out-for-in-2018|title=3 New Museums to Look Out for in 2018|access-date=15 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116004339/http://www.smartshanghai.com/articles/arts/3-new-museums-to-look-out-for-in-2018|archive-date=16 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> This is in part due to the city's 2018 development plans, which aim to make Shanghai "an excellent global city".<ref>{{cite news |date=5 January 2018 |title=Shanghai releases blueprint for becoming global cosmopolis by 2035 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/shanghai-releases-blueprint-for-becoming-global-cosmopolis-by-2035 |url-status=live |access-date=15 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115191835/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/shanghai-releases-blueprint-for-becoming-global-cosmopolis-by-2035 |archive-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> As such, Shanghai has several museums of regional and national importance.<ref>{{cite web |title = Museums in Shanghai |url = http://www.shanghaitourmap.com/museums.html |website = shanghaitourmap.com |access-date = 19 October 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160101133821/http://www.shanghaitourmap.com/museums.html |archive-date = 1 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smartshanghai.com/listings/arts/museums/|title=Museums in Shanghai – SmartShanghai|website=smartshanghai.com|access-date=15 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120173248/http://www.smartshanghai.com/listings/arts/museums/|archive-date=20 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Shanghai Museum has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts in the world, including a large collection of [[ancient Chinese bronze]]s and [[Chinese ceramics|ceramics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20111214-free-art-in-shanghai|title=Free Art in Shanghai|work=BBC|date=18 December 2011|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907214702/https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20111214-free-art-in-shanghai|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[China Art Museum, Shanghai|China Art Museum]], located in the former [[China pavilion at Expo 2010]], is one of the largest museums in Asia and displays an animated replica of the 12th century painting [[Along the River During the Qingming Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shanghai/art-museum.htm|title=China Art Museum|work=Travel China Guide|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310193907/https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shanghai/art-museum.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Shanghai Natural History Museum]] and the [[Shanghai Science and Technology Museum]] are notable natural history and science museums. In addition, there are numerous smaller, specialist museums housed in important archeological and historical sites, such as the [[Songze culture|Songze]] Museum,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/242613645_205643|script-title=zh:【文化】小编带你走进上海崧泽遗址博物馆|work=绿色青浦|date=22 July 2018|access-date=6 August 2020|language=zh|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310195502/https://www.sohu.com/a/242613645_205643|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Site of the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party]], the site of the former [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-09/04/c_1116460870.htm|script-title=zh:朴槿惠在沪为"大韩民国临时政府旧址"展馆更新启用剪彩|work=[[Xinhua News]]|date=22 July 2018|access-date=6 August 2020|language=zh|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310194102/http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-09/04/c_1116460870.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum, and the Shanghai Post Office Museum (located in the [[General Post Office Building, Shanghai|General Post Office Building]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mytravels.asia/shanghai-post-office-museum/|title=The Shanghai Post Office Museum|website=www.mytravels.asia|date=23 August 2017|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310194141/https://mytravels.asia/shanghai-post-office-museum/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
{{main|Shanghainese cuisine}}
[[File:Xiao Long Bao at Nanxiang Mantou Dian 1.jpg|thumb|[[Xiaolongbao]] in Shanghai]]
Benbang cuisine ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=本帮菜}})<ref name="kankanews">{{cite web|url=http://shanghai.kankanews.com/c/2014-05-04/0014691475.shtml|script-title=zh:看懂上海：上海本帮菜|script-work=zh:看看新闻 |language=zh-cn |date=4 May 2014 |access-date=31 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704135853/http://shanghai.kankanews.com/c/2014-05-04/0014691475.shtml|archive-date=4 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> is cooking style that originated in the 1600s, with influences from surrounding provinces. It emphasizes the use of condiments while retaining the original flavors of the raw ingredients. Sugar is an important ingredient in Benbang cuisine, especially when used in combination with soy sauce. Signature dishes of Benbang cuisine include [[Xiaolongbao]], [[Red braised pork belly]], and [[Chinese mitten crab|Shanghai hairy crab]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/china/articles/a-brief-intro-to-shanghai-hu-cuisine|title=A Brief Intro to Shanghai "Hu" Cuisine|website=theculturetrip.com|date=21 December 2017|access-date=28 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828111530/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/china/articles/a-brief-intro-to-shanghai-hu-cuisine/|archive-date=28 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Haipai cuisine]], on the other hand, is a Western-influenced cooking style that originated in Shanghai. It absorbed elements from French, British, Russian, German, and Italian cuisines and adapted them to suit the local taste according to the features of local ingredients.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pan |first1=Junxiang |last2=Duan |first2=Lian |script-title=zh:话说沪商 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ocpibm_gSMYC |year=2007 |publisher=中华工商联合出版社|isbn=9787801934925 |page=136 |script-chapter=zh:顺应上海人口味的海派西餐}}</ref> Famous dishes of Haipai cuisine include Shanghai-style [[borscht]] ({{lang|zh|罗宋汤}}, "Russian soup"), crispy pork cutlets, and [[Shanghai salad]] derived from [[Olivier salad]].<ref>{{cite web |script-title = zh:上海故事“吃西菜到红房子”：海派西餐那些事 |url = https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2647089 |work = [[:zh:澎湃新闻|The Paper]] |date = 19 November 2018 |access-date = 18 February 2020 |language = zh |archive-date = 18 February 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200218061602/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2647089 |url-status = live}}</ref> Both Benbang and Haipai cuisine make use of a variety of seafood, including [[freshwater fish]], [[shrimps]], and crabs.<ref>{{cite web |title = Shanghai Food |url = https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/shanghai/dining/more.htm |work = Travel China Guide |access-date = 6 August 2020 |language = zh |archive-date = 30 June 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080630165029/https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/shanghai/dining/more.htm |url-status = live}}</ref>

* Nanxiang ''xiaolongbao''（南翔小笼包）: ''Xiaolongbao'' refers to Chinese soup dumplings. Nanxiang ''xiaolongbao'' is a traditional specialty of Nanxiang town in Jiading district, renowned for its thin skin, tender meat, abundant soup, and fresh flavor. The dumplings are usually served piping hot in ''xiaolong'', or bamboo baskets. The craft of making ''xiaolongbao'' was designated as a municipal intangible cultural heritage in April 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steamed Meat Bun |url=https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231214/5e949cf6f7cd4109a903ff1e37e3b7ec.html |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=english.shanghai.gov.cn |archive-date=10 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710105726/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231214/5e949cf6f7cd4109a903ff1e37e3b7ec.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Shanghai ''shengjian'' （上海生煎）: Shanghai ''shengjian'', or Shanghai pan-fried buns, a renowned Shanghai delicacy, involves pan-frying the buns without prior steaming. The filling consists of savory pork and green onions, creating a soupy texture. After frying, water is added to the pan before covering it. The buns are then cooked for approximately 8–10 minutes until the bottoms turn golden brown and crispy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pan-fried Buns |url=https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/1b1c394feda144c283df2abd3e8b2cec.html |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=english.shanghai.gov.cn |archive-date=10 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710121022/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/1b1c394feda144c283df2abd3e8b2cec.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''Congyou banmian''（葱油拌面）: ''Congyou banmian'', or scallion oil noodles, is a popular noodle dish in Shanghai and can be found in many local restaurants and food stalls. The scallion oil is made by crisping and browning chopped scallions in hot oil. The dish is then coated in scallion oil, soy sauce, and spices, offering a blend of savory, sweet, and mildly spicy flavors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scallion Oil Noodles |url=https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/0e8ff0805e0a47cea153f3907a6fc744.html |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=english.shanghai.gov.cn |archive-date=10 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710122714/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/0e8ff0805e0a47cea153f3907a6fc744.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''Paigu niangao''（排骨年糕）: ''Paigu niangao'', or stir-fried pork ribs and rice cakes, is a traditional dish in Shanghai. This dish uses fresh pork ribs paired with small and thin rice cakes, which are cooked through oil blanching and simmering. The pork ribs have a golden color, a crispy surface, and tender meat while the rice cakes are soft and chewy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pork Chops and Rice Cakes |url=https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20240111/e8d99f859eb64285adaebee1a7139aa2.html |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=english.shanghai.gov.cn |archive-date=10 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710122715/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20240111/e8d99f859eb64285adaebee1a7139aa2.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''Shuijing xiaren''（水晶虾仁）: ''Shuijing xiaren'', or crystal shrimp, is a favorite among Shanghai locals. This dish features shrimp and eggs, with no additional ingredients to distract from its simplicity. The shrimp is cooked until just translucent, earning its "crystal" name. Well-prepared crystal shrimp is tender yet crispy, with a robust shrimp flavor and a reddish hue tinged with milky white.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crystal Shrimp |url=https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/d4da0aa86da24fee90f85a957ea78f3a.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231203201/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-SpecialtyFood/20231205/d4da0aa86da24fee90f85a957ea78f3a.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2023 |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=english.shanghai.gov.cn}}</ref>

=== Arts ===
[[File:Renxiong wan04s.jpg|thumb|left|upright|{{lang|zh-hans|十万图之四}} (''No. 4 of a Hundred Thousand Scenes'') by [[Ren Xiong]], a pioneer of the Shanghai School of Chinese art, {{Circa|1850}}]]
The Songjiang School ({{lang|zh|淞江派}}), containing the Huating School ({{lang|zh-hans|华亭派}}) founded by [[Gu Zhengyi]],<ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:松江画派：价格与地位不符 |author = 崔庆国 |url = https://news.artron.net/20090409/n74083.html |date = 9 April 2009 |access-date = 5 September 2019 |script-newspaper=zh:《鉴宝》 |language = zh-Hans |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190904234817/https://news.artron.net/20090409/n74083.html |archive-date = 4 September 2019 |url-status = live}}</ref> was a small painting school in Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:上海通志>>第三十八卷文化艺术（上）>>第六章美术、书法、摄影>>节 |publisher = Office of Shanghai Chronicles |url = http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node2247/node4596/node79720/node79730/userobject1ai102937.html |access-date = 20 April 2012 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150927072850/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2247/node4596/node79720/node79730/userobject1ai102937.html |archive-date = 27 September 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> It was represented by [[Dong Qichang]].<ref>{{cite web |script-title = zh:《上海地方志》>>1989年第五期>>"松江画派"源流 |publisher = Office of Shanghai Chronicles |url = http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node70393/node70403/node72565/node72684/userobject1ai82593.html |access-date = 20 April 2012 |language = zh}}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The school was considered an expansion of the [[Wu School]] in Suzhou, the cultural center of the Jiangnan region at the time.<ref>{{cite web |script-title = zh:董其昌與松江畫派 |author = 單國霖 |url = http://www.mam.gov.mo/MAM_WS/ShowFile.ashx?p=mam2013/pdf_theses/635645338411647.pdf |date = May 2005 |access-date = 5 September 2019 |website = mam.gov.mo |language = zh |archive-date = 4 September 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190904234819/http://www.mam.gov.mo/MAM_WS/ShowFile.ashx?p=mam2013/pdf_theses/635645338411647.pdf |url-status = dead}}</ref> In the mid 19th century, the [[Haipai|Shanghai School]] movement commenced, focusing less on the symbolism emphasized by the [[Ink wash painting|Literati style]] but more on the visual content of painting through the use of bright colors. Secular objects like flowers and birds were often selected as themes.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:海上画派的艺术特点及对后世的影响 |url = http://www.sohu.com/a/302172277_741281 |date = 18 March 2019 |access-date = 5 September 2019 |website = sohu.com |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190905042208/http://www.sohu.com/a/302172277_741281 |archive-date = 5 September 2019 |url-status = live}}</ref> [[Western art]] was introduced to Shanghai in 1847 by Spanish missionary Joannes Ferrer ({{lang|zh-hans|范廷佐}}), and the city's first Western atelier was established in 1864 inside the [[Tushanwan|Tushanwan orphanage]] (土山湾孤儿院).<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:171年前一个西班牙人来到上海，西洋绘画由此传播开来 |url = http://www.sohu.com/a/242151956_786067 |date = 17 July 2018 |access-date = 5 September 2019 |website = sohu.com |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190905042207/http://www.sohu.com/a/242151956_786067 |archive-date = 5 September 2019 |url-status = live}}</ref> During the Republic of China, many famous artists including [[Zhang Daqian]], [[Liu Haisu]], [[Xu Beihong]], [[Feng Zikai]], and [[Yan Wenliang]] settled in Shanghai, allowing it to gradually become the art center of China. Various art forms—including [[photography]], [[wood carving]], [[sculpture]], [[comics]] ([[Manhua]]), and [[Lianhuanhua]]—thrived. [[Sanmao (comics)|Sanmao]] was created to dramatize the chaos created by the Second Sino-Japanese War.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:"三毛"最早诞生于1935年7月28日《晨报》副刊 |work = [[Jiefang Daily]] |date = 29 July 2010 |url = http://news.163.com/10/0729/10/6COKP6R8000146BD.html |access-date = 20 April 2012 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823161639/http://news.163.com/10/0729/10/6COKP6R8000146BD.html |archive-date = 23 August 2017 |url-status = dead}}</ref> Today, the most comprehensive art and cultural facility in Shanghai is the China Art Museum. In addition, the Chinese Painting Academy features traditional [[Chinese painting]],<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:上海中国画院 |script-work=zh:今日艺术|url =http://www.artnow.com.cn/CommonPage/ArtOrgDetail.aspx?ChannelID=480&OrganizationId=827|access-date =12 March 2011|language =zh|url-status=dead|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20101127203633/http://artnow.com.cn/CommonPage/ArtOrgDetail.aspx?ChannelID=480&OrganizationId=827|archive-date =27 November 2010}}</ref> while the [[Power Station of Art]] displays [[contemporary art]].<ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:特稿｜11月的上海，何以成为全球最热的当代艺术地标 |author = 钱雪儿 |url = https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2649287 |work = [[:zh:澎湃新闻|The Paper]] |date = 22 November 2018 |access-date = 5 September 2019 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190905043259/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2649287 |archive-date = 5 September 2019 |url-status = live}}</ref> The city also has many art galleries, many of which are located in the [[M50 Art District]] and [[Tianzifang]]. First held in 1996, the [[Shanghai Biennale]] has become an important place for Chinese and foreign arts to interact.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:现场｜第12届上海双年展开幕：进退之间，无序或矛盾 |author = 钱雪儿 |url = https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2619003 |work = [[:zh:澎湃新闻|The Paper]] |date = 10 November 2018 |access-date = 5 September 2019 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190905042204/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2619003 |archive-date = 5 September 2019 |url-status = live}}</ref>[[File:Mei Lanfang performing at Tianchan Theatre.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mei Lanfang]] performing the [[Peking opera]] "Resisting the Jin Army" at [[Tianchan Theatre]]]]

Traditional [[Chinese opera]] (Xiqu) became a popular source of public entertainment in the late 19th century. In the early 20th century, [[monologue]] and [[burlesque]] in Shanghainese appeared, absorbing elements from traditional dramas. The [[Great World]] opened in 1912 and was a significant stage at the time.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:王无能 |script-work=zh:易文网|date=30 November 2006|url=http://www.ewen.cc/earbook/bkview.asp?bkid=124380&cid=366136|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112080014/http://www.ewen.cc/earbook/bkview.asp?bkid=124380&cid=366136|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 January 2012|access-date =20 April 2012}}</ref> In the 1920s, [[Suzhou Pingtan|Pingtan]] expanded from Suzhou to Shanghai.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:历史上的今天 3月2日|script-work=zh:中国网|url=http://www.china.com.cn/aboutchina/data/lssdjt/2009-02/25/content_17334020.htm|access-date=20 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422114201/http://www.china.com.cn/aboutchina/data/lssdjt/2009-02/25/content_17334020.htm|archive-date=22 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Pingtan art developed rapidly to 103 programs every day by the 1930s because of the abundant commercial radio stations in the city. Around the same time, a Shanghai-style Beijing Opera was formed. Led by [[Zhou Xinfang]] and {{interlanguage link|Gai Jiaotian|lt=|zh|盖叫天}}, it attracted many Xiqu masters, like [[Mei Lanfang]], to the city.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:梅兰芳的几次出国演出(附图) |publisher=上海档案信息网 |date=27 February 2008|url=http://www.archives.sh.cn/docs/200802/d_158621.html |access-date=20 April 2012|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109120331/http://www.archives.sh.cn/docs/200802/d_158621.html |archive-date=9 November 2011}}</ref> A small troupe from Shengxian (now [[Shengzhou]]) also began to promote [[Yue opera]] on the Shanghainese stage.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:怀想当年"越剧十姐妹"绍兴将共演《山河恋》 |work = [[Sohu]] Entertainment |date = 1 February 2007 |url = http://yule.sohu.com/20070201/n247975025.shtml |access-date = 20 April 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140305025651/http://yule.sohu.com/20070201/n247975025.shtml |archive-date = 5 March 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> A unique style of opera, [[Shanghai opera]], was formed when local folksongs were fused with modern operas.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Huju: Traditional Opera in modern Shanghai|last=Stock|first=Jonathan|publisher=Oxford; New York : Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press|year=2003|isbn=0197262732}}</ref> As of 2012, prominent troupes in Shanghai include [[Shanghai Jingju Theatre Company]], {{interlanguage link|Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe|lt=|zh|上海昆剧团}}, [[Shanghai Yue Opera House]], and Shanghai Huju Opera House.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:所属院团|publisher=Shanghai Center of Chinese Operas |url=http://www.shchineseoperas.org/Troupe.aspx?pagetype=xsty|access-date=30 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203170823/http://www.shchineseoperas.org/Troupe.aspx?pagetype=xsty|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Drama]] appeared in [[Mission school|missionary schools]] in Shanghai in the late 19th century. At the time, it was mainly performed in English. ''Scandals in Officialdom'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=官场丑史}}), staged in 1899, was one of the earliest-recorded plays.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:剧变沧桑：第1集 舞台西洋风 |script-website=zh:文明网 |date=21 February 2009 |url=http://www.godpp.gov.cn/wmzh/2008-02/21/content_12509540_2.htm |access-date=20 April 2012|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211044131/http://www.godpp.gov.cn/wmzh/2008-02/21/content_12509540_2.htm |archive-date=11 February 2017}}</ref> In 1907, ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly]]'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=黑奴吁天录}}) was performed at the {{interlanguage link|Lyceum Theatre, Shanghai|lt=Lyceum Theatre|zh|兰心大戏院}}.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:话剧百年 "兰心"之韵 |script-work=zh:城市经济导报 | date = 11 March 2001| url = http://www.ceeh.com.cn/html/news/2007/07/02/200707020235280_0.html | access-date = 17 October 2011 | language = zh | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134944/http://www.ceeh.com.cn/html/news/2007/07/02/200707020235280_0.html | archive-date = 4 March 2016}}</ref> After the [[New Culture Movement]], drama became a popular way for students and intellectuals to express their views. The city has several major institutes of theater training, including the [[Shanghai Conservatory of Music]], the Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre, the [[Shanghai Opera House]], and the [[Shanghai Theatre Academy]]. Notable theaters in Shanghai include the Shanghai Grand Theatre, the [[Oriental Art Center]], and the People's Theatre.

[[File:Qipao1.jpg|thumb|left|upright|In this Shanghainese soap advertisement from the 1930s, two women are wearing Shanghai-styled ''[[qipao]]'' while playing golf.]]
Shanghai is considered to be the birthplace of [[Cinema of China|Chinese cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeoutshanghai.com/venue/Around_Town-Museums-_Books__Films-Cinemas/12827/Shanghai-Film-Museum.html|title=Shanghai Film Museum|work=timeoutshanghai.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602191309/https://www.timeoutshanghai.com/venue/Around_Town-Museums-_Books__Films-Cinemas/12827/Shanghai-Film-Museum.html|archive-date=2 June 2016}}</ref> China's first short film, ''[[The Difficult Couple]]'' (1913), and the country's first fictional feature film, ''[[An Orphan Rescues His Grandfather]]'' ({{lang|zh-Hans|孤儿救祖记}}, 1923)<ref>{{cite web|date=4 April 2020|script-title=zh:中國電影史｜孤兒救祖記|url=https://vitomag.com/history/fw7zt9|script-work=zh:繪琳美育|access-date=19 April 2020|language=zh|archive-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516170423/https://vitomag.com/history/fw7zt9.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> were both produced in Shanghai. Shanghai's film industry grew during the early 1930s, generating stars such as [[Hu Die]], [[Ruan Lingyu]], [[Zhou Xuan]], [[Jin Yan]], and [[Zhao Dan]]. Another film star, Jiang Qing, went on to become Madame [[Mao Zedong]]. The exile of Shanghainese filmmakers and actors as a result of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the [[Communist revolution]] contributed enormously to the development of the [[Hong Kong film industry]].<ref name="SHHKFilm">{{cite web |script-title = zh:上海电影对香港电影的影响 |trans-title = The influence of Shanghai film on Hong Kong film |script-work=zh:香港电影论文 |url = https://www.baywatch.cn/a/lunwenziliao/wentilunwen/xianggangdianyinglunwen/2013/0831/25193.html |date = 31 August 2013 |access-date = 3 October 2019 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191003035140/https://www.baywatch.cn/a/lunwenziliao/wentilunwen/xianggangdianyinglunwen/2013/0831/25193.html |archive-date = 3 October 2019 |url-status = live}}</ref> The movie ''[[In the Mood for Love]]'' directed by [[Wong Kar-wai]], a Shanghai native, depicts a slice of the displaced Shanghainese community in Hong Kong and the nostalgia for that era, featuring 1940s music by Zhou Xuan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/28/movies/film-setting-his-tale-of-love-found-in-a-city-long-lost.html|title=Setting His Tale Of Love Found In a City Long Lost|date=28 January 2001|work=The New York Times|access-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215074041/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/28/movies/film-setting-his-tale-of-love-found-in-a-city-long-lost.html|archive-date=15 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Shanghai's cultural festivals include Shanghai International Television Festival, Shanghai International Film Festival, Shanghai International Art Festival, Shanghai International Tourism Festival, Shanghai Spring International Music Festival, etc. Shanghai TV Festival is the earliest international TV festival founded in China. It was founded in 1986. The Shanghai International Film Festival was founded in 1993 and is one of the nine major international film festivals in the A category. The highest award is the "Golden Goblet Award"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Festivals in Shanghai|url=https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/shanghai/when-to-go.htm|access-date=29 November 2021|website=www.travelchinaguide.com}}</ref>

=== Fashion ===
Since 2001, Shanghai has held its own [[fashion week]] called [[Shanghai Fashion Week]] twice every year in April and October. The main venue is in [[Fuxing Park]], and the opening and closing ceremonies are held in the Shanghai Fashion Center. The April session is also part of the one-month [[Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:历届回顾 COLLECTION|url=http://www.shanghaifashionweek.com/?page_id=68293|access-date=30 August 2019}}</ref> Shanghai Fashion Week is considered to be an event of national significance featuring both international and Chinese designers. The international presence has included many promising young British fashion designers.<ref>{{cite web |author=Leisa Barnett |url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/081027-aminaka-wilmont-show-in-shanghai.aspx |title=Aminaka Wilmont to show in Shanghai (Vogue.com UK) |work=Vogue|location=UK |date=27 October 2008 |access-date=11 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018173530/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/081027-aminaka-wilmont-show-in-shanghai.aspx |archive-date=18 October 2010}}</ref> The event is hosted by the Shanghai Municipal Government and supported by the People's Republic Ministry of Commerce.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://blogs.wsj.com/scene/2010/10/21/shanghai-fashion-week-kicks-off/ |title = Photos of Shanghai Fashion Week – Scene Asia – Scene Asia – WSJ |work = The Wall Street Journal |date = 21 October 2010 |access-date = 11 December 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111216144231/http://blogs.wsj.com/scene/2010/10/21/shanghai-fashion-week-kicks-off/ |archive-date = 16 December 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>