Editing Scotland (section)

===Science, technology and energy===

{{further|Nuclear power in Scotland|Renewable energy in Scotland|Oil industry in Scotland|Energy in Scotland|Space industry of Scotland}}

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 | caption1 = Sir [[Alexander Fleming]], the discoverer of the world's first broadly effective [[antibiotic]] substance – [[penicillin]]

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 | caption2 = Scottish inventor [[John Logie Baird]] demonstrated the first working television system on 26 January 1926.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2016 |title=Who invented the television? How people reacted to John Logie Baird's creation 90 years ago |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/google-doodle/12121474/Who-invented-the-television-John-Logie-Baird-created-the-TV-in-1926.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126005621/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/google-doodle/12121474/Who-invented-the-television-John-Logie-Baird-created-the-TV-in-1926.html |archive-date=26 January 2016}}</ref>

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Scotland's primary sources of energy are provided through renewable energy (61.8%), nuclear (25.7%) and fossil fuel generation (10.9%).<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Quarterly energy statistics bulletins |url=http://www.gov.scot/publications/quarterly-energy-statistics-bulletins |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=www.gov.scot |language=en}}</ref> [[Whitelee Wind Farm]] is the largest onshore [[wind farm]] in the United Kingdom, and was Europe's largest onshore wind farm for some time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Whitelee wind farm in Scotland |url=https://www.iberdrola.com/about-us/what-we-do/onshore-wind-energy/-whitelee-onshore-wind-farm#:~:text=Whitelee%2C%20with%20215%20turbines%20in,period%20the%20largest%20in%20Europe. |website=iberdrola.com |publisher=Iberdrola |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> [[Tidal power]] is an emerging source of energy in Scotland. The [[MeyGen]] tidal stream energy plant in the north of the country is claimed to be the largest tidal stream energy project in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scotland unveils world's largest tidal stream power project |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d197308a-7826-11e6-97ae-647294649b28 |website=ft.com |date=12 September 2016 |publisher=Financial Times |access-date=3 January 2024 |last1=Dickie |first1=Mure }}</ref> In Scotland, 98.6% of all electricity used was from renewable sources. This is minus net exports.<ref name=":10"/> Between October 2021 and September 2022 63.1% of all electricity generated in Scotland was from renewable sources, 83.6% was classed as low carbon and 14.5% was from fossil fuels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scottish Energy Statistics Hub: Proportion of electricity consumption by fuel |url=https://scotland.shinyapps.io/Energy/?Section=RenLowCarbon&Subsection=RenElec&Chart=ElecConsumptionFuel |access-date=7 October 2022 |website=scotland.shinyapps.io}}</ref> The Scottish Government has a target to have the equivalent of 50% of the energy for Scotland's heat, transport and electricity consumption to be supplied from renewable sources by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The future of energy in Scotland: Scottish energy strategy |url=https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-energy-strategy-future-energy-scotland-9781788515276/pages/5 |access-date=3 January 2019 |website=Gov.scot}}</ref> They have stated that, in 2022, the equivalent of 113% of the country's overall electrical consumption was produced by renewable energy, making it the highest recorded figure of renewable energy generated to date.<ref>{{cite web |title=Record renewable energy output |url=https://www.gov.scot/news/record-renewable-energy-output/ |website=www.gov.scot |publisher=Scottish Government |access-date=26 January 2024}}</ref>

[[List of Scottish inventions and discoveries|Scotland's inventions and discoveries]] are said to have revolutionised human technology and have played a major role in the creation of the modern world. Such inventions – the [[television]], the [[telephone]], [[refrigerators]], the [[MRI scanner]], [[flushing toilet]]s and the [[steam engine]] – are said to have been possible by Scotland's universities and parish schools, together with the commitment Scots had to education during the [[Scottish Enlightenment]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Scottish Inventions |url=https://www.livebreathescotland.com/scottish-inventions/ |publisher=Live Breathe Scotland |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> [[Alexander Fleming]] is responsible for the discovery of the world's first broadly effective [[antibiotic]] substance, which he named [[penicillin]], earning him a [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1945.<ref name="lesprixnobel">{{cite web|title=Alexander Fleming Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming.html|work=Les Prix Nobel|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|year=1945|access-date=27 March 2011|archive-date=30 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130092208/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last= Hugh |first=T. B. | title = Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of penicillin | journal = The Medical Journal of Australia | volume = 177 | issue = 1 | pages = 52–53; author 53 53 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12436980 |doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04643.x |s2cid=222048204 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | first= Robert |last=Cruickshank | title = Sir Alexander Fleming, F.R.S | journal = Nature | volume = 175 | issue = 4459 | pages = 355–6 | year = 1955 | doi = 10.1038/175663a0 |pmid=13271592 |pmc=1023893 | bibcode =1955Natur.175..663C | doi-access = free }}</ref> Modern Scottish inventions – the [[Falkirk Wheel]] and the [[Glasgow Tower]] – hold world records for being the only rotating [[boat lift]] and the tallest fully rotating freestanding structure in the world respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Falkirk Wheel |url=https://www.scottishcanals.co.uk/visit/canals/visit-the-forth-clyde-canal/attractions/the-falkirk-wheel |publisher=Scottish Canals |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Glasgow Tower |url=https://www.glasgowsciencecentre.org/discover/our-experiences/glasgow-tower |publisher=Glasgow Science Centre |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref>

Scotland's [[Space industry of Scotland|space industry]] is a world leader in sustainable space technology,<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=The Scottish Space Cluster Executive Summary May 2020|url=https://londoneconomics.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/LE-SE-Scottish-Space-Cluster-EXECUTIVE-SUMMARY-FINAL-Issue-4-S2C110520.pdf|access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Space technology industry in Scotland |url=https://www.sdi.co.uk/business-in-scotland/find-your-industry/digital-and-technology-industries/space-tech |website=Sdi.co.uk |publisher=Scottish Development International |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref> and, according to the [[UK Space Agency]], there are 173 space companies currently operating in Scotland as of May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/more-than-3000-jobs-created-as-space-sector-grows-across-the-uk|title=More than 3,000 jobs created as space sector grows across the UK|website=GOV.UK}}</ref> These include spacecraft manufacturers, launch providers, downstream data analyzers, and research organisations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19104939.boldly-going-towards-new-age-space/|title=Boldly going towards the new age of space|website=HeraldScotland|date=20 February 2021 }}</ref> The space industry in Scotland is projected to generate £2billion in income for Scotland's space cluster by 2030.<ref name="auto"/> Scottish space industry jobs represent almost one in five of all UK space industry employment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.scot/policies/manufacturing/space-sector/|title=Manufacturing: Space sector - gov.scot|website=www.gov.scot}}</ref> In addition to its space industry, Scotland is home to two planned [[spaceports]] – [[Sutherland spaceport]] and [[SaxaVord Spaceport]] – with launch vehicles such as the [[Orbex#Prime|Orbex Prime]] from Scottish–based [[aerospace company]] [[Orbex]] expected to be launched from Sutherland.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carrell |first1=Severin |last2=Morris |first2=Steven |last3=Sample |first3=Ian |date=16 July 2018 |title=Rocket men: locals divided over plans for UK's first spaceport |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/16/rocket-men-locals-divided-over-plans-for-uks-first-spaceport |access-date=3 January 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref>