Editing Pyridine (section)

==Environmental fate==
Pyridine is readily degraded by bacteria to ammonia and carbon dioxide.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sims |first1=G. K. |last2=O'Loughlin |first2=E. J. |title = Degradation of pyridines in the environment|journal = CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control|year = 1989|volume = 19|issue = 4|pages = 309–340|doi = 10.1080/10643388909388372|bibcode=1989CRvEC..19..309S }}</ref> The unsubstituted pyridine ring degrades more rapidly than [[picoline]], [[lutidine]], [[chloropyridine]], or [[aminopyridine]]s<!-- no disambiguation needed-->,<ref>{{cite journal|doi = 10.1002/etc.5620050601|last1=Sims|first1= G. K. |first2=L.E. |last2=Sommers |year = 1986|title = Biodegradation of pyridine derivatives in soil suspensions| journal = Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry|volume = 5|pages = 503–509|issue = 6}}</ref> and a number of pyridine degraders have been shown to overproduce [[riboflavin]] in the presence of pyridine.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sims |first1=G. K. |first2=E.J. |last2=O'Loughlin |year = 1992|title = Riboflavin production during growth of ''Micrococcus luteus'' on pyridine|journal = [[Applied and Environmental Microbiology]]|volume = 58|issue = 10|pages = 3423–3425|doi=10.1128/AEM.58.10.3423-3425.1992 |pmc = 183117|pmid = 16348793|bibcode=1992ApEnM..58.3423S }}</ref> Ionizable ''N''-heterocyclic compounds, including pyridine, interact with environmental surfaces (such as soils and sediments) via multiple pH-dependent mechanisms, including partitioning to [[soil organic matter]], [[cation exchange]], and surface complexation.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Bi | first1 = E. | last2 = Schmidt | first2 = T. C. | last3 = Haderlein | first3 = S. B. | year = 2006 | title = Sorption of heterocyclic organic compounds to reference soils: column studies for process identification | journal = Environ Sci Technol | volume = 40 | issue = 19| pages = 5962–5970 | doi=10.1021/es060470e| pmid = 17051786 | bibcode = 2006EnST...40.5962B }}</ref> Such [[adsorption]] to surfaces reduces bioavailability of pyridines for microbial degraders and other organisms, thus slowing degradation rates and reducing [[ecotoxicity]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = O'Loughlin | first1 = E. J | last2 = Traina | first2 = S. J. | last3 = Sims | first3 = G. K. | year = 2000 | title = Effects of sorption on the biodegradation of 2-methylpyridine in aqueous suspensions of reference clay minerals | journal = Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry | volume = 19 | issue = 9| pages = 2168–2174 | doi=10.1002/etc.5620190904| s2cid = 98654832 }}</ref>