Editing Perception (section)

=== Shared Intentionality theory ===
{{Main|Shared intentionality}}
A fundamentally different approach to understanding the perception of objects relies upon the essential role of [[Shared intentionality]].<ref>Tomasello, M. (1999). ''The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1999.</ref> Cognitive psychologist professor [[Michael Tomasello]] hypothesized that social bonds between children and caregivers would gradually increase through the essential motive force of shared intentionality beginning from birth.<ref>Tomasello, M. (2019). ''Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: [[Harvard University Press]].</ref> The notion of shared intentionality, introduced by Michael Tomasello, was developed by later researchers, who tended to explain this collaborative interaction from different perspectives, e.g., [[psychophysiology]],<ref>Val Danilov, I. & Mihailova, S. (2023). "Empirical Evidence of Shared Intentionality: Towards Bioengineering Systems Development." ''OBM Neurobiology'' 2023; 7(2): 167; doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2302167. https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-02-167</ref><ref>McClung, J. S., Placì, S., Bangerter, A., Clément, F., & Bshary, R. (2017). "The language of cooperation: shared intentionality drives variation in helping as a function of group membership." ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,'' 284(1863), 20171682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1682.</ref><ref>Shteynberg, G., & Galinsky, A. D. (2011). "Implicit coordination: Sharing goals with similar others intensifies goal pursuit." ''Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,'' 47(6), 1291-1294., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.
2011.04.012.</ref> and neurobiology.<ref>Fishburn, F. A., Murty, V. P., Hlutkowsky, C. O., MacGillivray, C. E., Bemis, L. M., Murphy, M. E., ... & Perlman, S. B. (2018). "Putting our heads together: interpersonal neural synchronization as a biological mechanism for shared intentionality." ''Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,'' 13(8), 841-849.</ref> The [[Shared intentionality]] approach considers perception occurrence at an earlier stage of organisms' development than other theories, even before the emergence of [[Intentionality]]. Because many theories build their knowledge about perception based on its main features of the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information to represent the holistic picture of the environment, [[Intentionality]] is the central issue in perception development. Nowadays, only one hypothesis attempts to explain [[Shared intentionality]] in all its integral complexity from the level of interpersonal dynamics to interaction at the neuronal level. Introduced by Latvian professor Igor Val Danilov, the hypothesis of neurobiological processes occurring during Shared intentionality<ref>{{cite journal |title=Theoretical Grounds of Shared Intentionality for Neuroscience in Developing Bioengineering Systems |first=Igor |last=Val Danilov |journal=OBM Neurobiology |url= https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-01-156 |date=2023-02-17 |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=156 |doi=10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301156|doi-access=free }}</ref> highlights that, at the beginning of cognition, very young organisms cannot distinguish relevant sensory stimuli independently. Because the environment is the cacophony of stimuli (electromagnetic waves, chemical interactions, and pressure fluctuations), their sensation is too limited by the noise to solve the cue problem. The relevant stimulus cannot overcome the noise magnitude if it passes through the senses. Therefore, [[Intentionality]] is a difficult problem for them since it needs the representation of the environment already categorized into objects (see also [[binding problem]]). The perception of objects is also problematic since it cannot appear without Intentionality. From the perspective of this hypothesis, [[Shared intentionality]] is collaborative interactions in which participants share the essential sensory stimulus of the actual cognitive problem. This social bond enables ecological training of the young immature organism, starting at the reflexes stage of development, for processing the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in developing perception.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Val Danilov |first=Igor |date= 2023|title=Shared Intentionality Modulation at the Cell Level: Low-Frequency Oscillations for Temporal Coordination in Bioengineering Systems |url=https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-04-185 |journal=OBM Neurobiology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304185|doi-access=free }}</ref> From this account perception emerges due to [[Shared intentionality]] in the embryonic stage of development, i.e., even before birth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Val Danilov |first=Igor |date= 2023|title=Low-Frequency Oscillations for Nonlocal Neuronal Coupling in Shared Intentionality Before and After Birth: Toward the Origin of Perception |url=https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-04-192 |journal=OBM Neurobiology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304192|doi-access=free }}</ref>