Editing Newfoundland and Labrador (section)

=== Language ===
{{Main|Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador#Languages}}
{{Further|Newfoundland English|Newfoundland Irish|Beothuk language}}
As of the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Canadian Census]], the ten most spoken languages in the province included English (501,135 or 99.81%), French (26,130 or 5.2%), Arabic (2,195 or 0.44%), Spanish (2,085 or 0.42%), Innu (Montagnais) (1,925 or 0.38%), Tagalog (1,810 or 0.36%), Hindi (1,565 or 0.31%), Mandarin (1,170 or 0.23%), German (1,075 or 0.21%), and Punjabi (1,040 or 0.21%).<ref name="language2021">{{Cite web |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=2022-08-17 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Newfoundland and Labrador [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000210&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador |access-date=August 17, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818010822/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000210&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador |url-status=live }}</ref> The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses.

[[Newfoundland English]] is a term referring to any of several [[Accent (dialect)|accent]]s and [[dialect]]s of the [[English language]] found in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Most of these differ substantially from the English commonly spoken elsewhere in neighbouring [[Canada]] and the [[North Atlantic]]. Many Newfoundland dialects are similar to the [[West Country dialects|dialects]] of the [[West Country]] in England, particularly the city of [[Bristol]] and counties of [[Cornwall]], [[Devon]], [[Dorset]], [[Hampshire]] and [[Somerset]], while other Newfoundland dialects resemble those of Ireland's southeastern counties, particularly [[County Waterford|Waterford]], [[County Wexford|Wexford]], [[County Kilkenny|Kilkenny]] and [[County Cork|Cork]]. Still others blend elements of both, and there is also a discernible influence of [[Scottish English]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/scottish.html|title=Scottish in NL|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=November 26, 2015|archive-date=October 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013145759/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/scottish.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While the Scots came in smaller numbers than the English and Irish, they had a large influence on Newfoundland society.<ref name="renamed_from_2006_on_20151223002828"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/west_country.html|title=West Country|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=November 26, 2015|archive-date=April 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423033448/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/west_country.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="A Short History">Newfoundland Historical Society, ''A Short History of Newfoundland and Labrador'', St. John's, NL, Boulder Publications, 2008.</ref>

Local place names in the [[Irish language]] include Newfoundland (''Talamh an Éisc'', ''Land of the Fish'')<ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=Natasha |editor-last1=Sumner |editor-first2=Aidan |editor-last2=Doyle |date=2020 |title=North American Gaels: Speech, Song, and Story in the Diaspora |publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]] |p=80}}</ref> and [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] (''Baile Sheáin'')<ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=Natasha |editor-last1=Sumner |editor-first2=Aidan |editor-last2=Doyle |date=2020 |title=North American Gaels: Speech, Song, and Story in the Diaspora |publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]] |p=76}}</ref> [[Ballyhack, Newfoundland and Labrador|Ballyhack]] (''Baile Hac''), [[Cappahayden]] (''Ceapach Éidín''), [[Kilbride, Newfoundland and Labrador|Kilbride]] and St. Bride's (''Cill Bhríde''), Duntara, [[Port Kirwan]] and [[Skibbereen]] (''Scibirín''). While the distinct local dialect of the [[Irish language in Newfoundland]] is now extinct, the language is still taught locally and the [[Gaelic revival]] organization {{lang|ga|[[Conradh na Gaeilge]]}} remains active in the province.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/abroad/generation-emigration/teaching-irish-in-newfoundland-the-most-irish-place-outside-ireland-1.2575366 |title=Teaching Irish in Newfoundland, the most Irish place outside Ireland |work=The Irish Times |first=Sinéad |last=Ní Mheallaigh |date=March 16, 2016 |access-date=October 3, 2024}}</ref> A distinct local dialect of [[Scots Gaelic]] was also once spoken in the [[Codroy Valley]] of Newfoundland, following the settlement there, from the middle of the 19th century, of [[Canadian Gaelic]]-speakers from [[Cape Breton, Nova Scotia]]. Some 150 years later, the language has not entirely disappeared, although it no longer has any fluent speakers. In Canadian Gaelic, the two main names for Newfoundland are ''Talamh an Èisg'' and ''Eilein a' Trosg''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/language.php|title=Language|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=December 9, 2015|archive-date=January 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114151132/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/language.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis|url=http://research.library.mun.ca/1319/|title=Some aspects of the Scottish Gaelic traditions of the Codroy Valley, Newfoundland|year=1975|publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland|type=masters|last1=Bennett|first1=Margaret|access-date=January 5, 2023|archive-date=January 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105035321/https://research.library.mun.ca/1319/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A community of [[Newfoundland French]] speakers still exists on the [[Port au Port Peninsula]]—a remnant of the "[[French Shore]]" along the island's west coast.<ref name="Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador">Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador</ref>

Several indigenous languages are spoken in the Province, representing the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] ([[Miꞌkmaq language|Miꞌkmaq]] and [[Innu]]) and [[Eskimo-Aleut]] ([[Inuktitut]]) linguistic families.<ref name="Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador"/>

Languages of the population – mother tongue (2011)
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: centre;"
|- style="background:#ccc;"
!Rank
!Language
!Respondents
!Percentage
|-
|1.
|English
|498,095
|97.7
|-
|2.
|French
|2,745
|0.5
|-
|3.
|[[Innu-aimun]]
|1,585
|0.3
|-
|4.
|Chinese
|1,080
|0.2
|-
|5.
|Spanish
|670
|0.16
|-
|6.
|German
|655
|0.15
|-
|7.
|[[Inuktitut]]
|595
|0.1
|-
|8.
|[[Urdu]]
|550
|0.1
|-
|9.
|[[Arabic language|Arabic]]
|540
|0.1
|-
|10.
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]
|300
|< 0.1
|-
|11.
|Russian
|225
|< 0.1
|-
|12.
|Italian
|195
|< 0.1
|}