Editing Newcastle upon Tyne (section)

==Population==
[[File:Newcastle upon Tyne population pyramid.svg|thumb|Newcastle upon Tyne population pyramid in 2021]]
[[File:St. Georges Church Jesmond Newcastle.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Jesmond]] has become an affluent area and is popular with students.]]
[[File:NE-Arthur's Hill Stanhope Street 8965.JPG|thumb|Stanhope Street in [[Arthur's Hill]] is home to one of the largest Asian communities in [[North East England]].]]
[[File:Traffic on Gosforth High Street, Newcastle.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Gosforth]] High Street in the north of the city.]]
According to the ONS, Newcastle had a population of 293,000 in 2015.<ref name="pop2015">{{cite web | url = https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2015/ukmye2015.zip | title = MYE3 population change for local authorities UK 2015.xls | date = 6 October 2016 | website = ons.gov.uk | publisher = gov.uk | access-date = 24 May 2017}}</ref> Tyneside (made up of Newcastle and the surrounding [[metropolitan boroughs]] of [[Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]], [[North Tyneside]] and [[South Tyneside]]) has a population of approximately 880,000, making it the eighth most populous urban area in the UK.<ref name="pop">{{cite web|last=Pointer|first=Graham|title=The UK's major urban areas|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/fertility-analysis/focus-on-people-and-migration/december-2005/focus-on-people-and-migration---focus-on-people-and-migration---chapter-3.pdf|access-date=8 April 2007|publisher=statistics.gov.uk}}</ref> The wider [[metropolitan area]] of Tyneside-[[Wearside]] has a population of approximately 1,122,000.

Additionally, Newcastle is home to a large temporary population of students from [[Newcastle University|Newcastle]] and [[Northumbria University|Northumbria]] universities. Areas of suburban Newcastle with significant student populations include [[Jesmond]], [[Shieldfield]], [[Gosforth]], [[Sandyford, Newcastle upon Tyne|Sandyford]], [[Spital Tongues]] and [[Heaton, Newcastle|Heaton]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.roseworth.co.uk/article/2020/1/15/what-its-like-being-a-student-in-newcastle|title=What's it like to be student in Newcastle?|last=Roseworth|website=Roseworth Student Lettings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320100511/https://www.roseworth.co.uk/article/2020/1/15/what-its-like-being-a-student-in-newcastle|archive-date=20 March 2020|access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || colspan="2" |Population
|-
| 1801 || style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|33,322||0.001}}
|-
| 1851 || style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|80,184||0.001}}
|-
| 1901 || {{bartable|246,905||0.001}}
|-
| 1911 || {{bartable|293,944||0.001}}
|-
| 1921 || {{bartable|309,820||0.001}}
|-
| 1931 || {{bartable|326,576||0.001}}
|-
| 1941 || {{bartable|333,286||0.001}}
|-
| 1951 || {{bartable|340,155||0.001}}
|-
| 1961 || {{bartable|323,844||0.001}}
|-
| 1971 || {{bartable|308,317||0.001}}
|-
| 1981 || {{bartable|272,923||0.001}}
|-
| 1991 || {{bartable|277,723||0.001}}
|-
| 2001 || {{bartable|259,573||0.001}}
|-
| 2011 || {{bartable|292,200||0.001}} 
|- 
| 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland|title = Estimates of the population for the UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland - Office for National Statistics}}</ref> || {{bartable|302,820||0.001}}
|}

===Demographics===
====Age====
According to the same statistics, the average age of people living in Newcastle is 37.8 years, compared to the national average being of 38.6 years.

====Religion====
From the 2011 Census, two significant religions could be identified in the city: [[Christians|Christian]] and [[Muslims|Muslim]]. 56.6% of Newcastle identified as Christian and 6.3% as Muslim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethnicity in the North East (report) |work=Government Office North East |url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/nestore/docs/peoplecomms/ethnicity.pdf |access-date=11 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128100245/http://www.gos.gov.uk/nestore/docs/peoplecomms/ethnicity.pdf |archive-date=28 November 2007 }}</ref> Over 28% stated they have [[Irreligion|no religious affiliation]].

====Ethnicity and nationality====
According to the 2011 census,<ref>{{NOMIS2011|id=1119884888|title=Newcastle upon Tyne Built-up area|access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref> the metropolitan borough of Newcastle upon Tyne was predominately [[White people|white]], representing 85.3% of the population (including non-British white). [[Asian people|Asians]] made up 9.8% of the population (2.3% [[Pakistani]], 1.7% '[[Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]', 1.8% '[[Indian people|Indian]]', 2.2% '[[Chinese people|Chinese]]', 1.8% 'Asian other'). [[Black people]] make up a small proportion of the population (1.7% 'Black African', 0.1% 'Black Caribbean' and 0.1% 'Black other'), as do mixed race groups at 1.6% (0.6% 'Asian and White', 0.3% 'White and Caribbean', 0.3% 'White and African', 0.4% 'White and Other'). The last significantly sized ethnic community in Newcastle is '[[Arab]]' at 0.9%. The remainder of the population, 0.5%, represent other ethnicities.

Large populations of ethnic minorities can be found in areas such as [[Elswick, Tyne and Wear|Elswick]], [[Wingrove, Newcastle upon Tyne|Wingrove]] and [[Arthurs Hill]].<ref name="ukcensusdata">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukcensusdata.com/newcastle-upon-tyne-e08000021|title=Newcastle upon Tyne - UK Census Data 2011|website=UK Census Data|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref>

According to the 2011 UK Census, those born outside the UK were mainly from India (3,315), China (3,272), Pakistan (2,644), [[Bangladesh]] (2,276), Poland (1,473), Germany (1,357), Nigeria (1,226), Iran (1,164), Hong Kong (1,038) and Ireland (942).<ref name="ukcensusdata" />
In the North East, Newcastle was the most ethnically diverse district followed by Middlesbrough.

There are also small but significant Chinese, Jewish and [[Eastern Europe]]an populations. The [[International Organization for Migration]] states there are estimated to be between 500 and 2,000 [[Bolivians in the United Kingdom|Bolivians]] in Newcastle, one of the largest populations in any city in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/Bolivia%20%20Mapping%20Report.pdf |date=July 2007 |title=Mapping Exercise: Bolivia |publisher=International Organization for Migration |location=London |access-date=29 November 2008 |ref=CITEREFInternational Organization for Migration2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709053359/http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/Bolivia%20%20Mapping%20Report.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2008}}</ref><ref name="BoliviansLondNewcEding">{{cite web | url = http://unitedkingdom.iom.int/sites/default/files/doc/mapping/IOM_BOLIVIA.pdf | title = Bolivians in the UK: 1.2 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND SPREAD OF THE BOLIVIAN COMMUNITY | date = July 2007 | website = unitedkingdom.iom.int | publisher = International Organisation for Migration | access-date = 21 July 2017 | quote = Bolivians who have recently arrived in the UK are concentrated in London, with a small number going to Newcastle. Long-term residents are more widely dispersed across the country. Some live in London and neighbouring areas... number live in Newcastle and Edinburgh (see figure 1). | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170315194317/http://unitedkingdom.iom.int/sites/default/files/doc/mapping/IOM_BOLIVIA.pdf | archive-date = 15 March 2017 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="10" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991 census<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":412">Data is taken from United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm Casweb Data services] of the United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales] (Table 6)</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001 census<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011 census<ref name=":36">{{Cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021 census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!274,972
!97.2%
!266,824
!95.9%
!241,684
!93.1%
!239,533
!85.5%
!240,002
!80%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|235,259
|90.6%
|229,520
|81.9%
|223,567
|74.5%
|-
|White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,733
|
|1,826
|
|1,895
|0.6%
|-
|White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|163
|
|332
|0.1%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1,031
|0.3%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,692
|
|8,024
|
|13,177
|4.4%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total
!6,314
!2.2%
!9,281
!3.3%
!13,243
!5.1%
!27,107
!9.7%
!34,128
!11.3%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|1,851
|
|2,388
|
|3,098
|
|5,072
|
|7,304
|2.4%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|2,367
|
|3,196
|
|4,842
|
|6,364
|
|8,753
|2.9%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|612
|
|1,426
|
|2,607
|
|4,692
|
|7,248
|2.4%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|821
|
|1,220
|
|1,871
|
|6,037
|
|5,382
|1.8%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: Other Asian
|663
|
|1,051
|
|825
|
|4,942
|
|5,441
|1.8%
|-
![[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total
!807
!
!1,020
!
!959
!0.4%
!5,160
!1.8%
!9,921
!3.3%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|173
|
|211
|
|133
|
|217
|
|340
|0.1%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|418
|
|528
|
|738
|
|4,664
|
|8,555
|2.9%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|216
|
|281
|
|88
|
|279
|
|1,026
|0.3%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!2,290
!0.9%
!4,279
!1.5%
!6,920
!2.4%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black Caribbean
|–
|–
|–
|–
|398
|
|830
|
|915
|0.3%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black African
|–
|–
|–
|–
|403
|
|859
|
|1,378
|0.5%
|-
|Mixed: White and Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|912
|
|1,609
|
|2,600
|0.9%
|-
|Mixed: Other Mixed
|–
|–
|–
|–
|577
|
|981
|
|2,027
|0.7%
|-
!Other: Total
!778
!
!1074
!
!1,360
!0.5%
!4,098
!1.5%
!9,156
!3.1%
|-
|Other: Arab
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,602
|
|4,175
|1.4%
|-
|Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|
|
|1,360
|0.5%
|1,496
|
|4,981
|1.7%
|-
!Ethnic minority: Total
!7,899
!2.8%
!11,375
!4.1%
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total
!282,871
!100%
!278,199
!100%
!259,536
!100%
!280,177
!100%
!300,127
!100%
|}

===Geordies===
{{Main|Geordie}}

The [[regional nickname]] for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area is [[Geordie]]. The [[Latin]] term ''Novocastrian'' can equally be applied to residents of [[Newcastle (disambiguation)|any place called Newcastle]], although it is most commonly used for ex-pupils of the city's [[Royal Grammar School, Newcastle|Royal Grammar School]].<ref>[http://ona.rgs.newcastle.sch.uk/ RGS Alumni – the ''Old Novocastrians' Association''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113015507/http://ona.rgs.newcastle.sch.uk/ |date=13 January 2007 }}. Retrieved 14 January 2007.</ref>

====Dialect====

The dialect of Newcastle is also referred to as [[Geordie]]. It contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive words and pronunciations not used in other parts of the United Kingdom. The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by the [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] populations who migrated to and conquered much of England after the end of Roman Imperial rule. This language was the forerunner of [[Modern English]]; but while the dialects of other English regions have been heavily altered by the influences of other foreign languages—particularly [[Latin]] and [[Norman language|Norman French]]—the Geordie dialect retains many elements of the old language. An example of this is the pronunciation of certain words: "dead", "cow", "house" and "strong" are pronounced "deed", "coo", "hoos" and "strang"—which is how they were pronounced in the Anglo-Saxon language. Other Geordie words with Anglo-Saxon origins include: "larn" (from the Anglo-Saxon "laeran", meaning "teach"), "burn" ("stream") and "gan" ("go").<ref name="GeordieOrigins">{{cite web | title=North East dialect origins and the meaning of 'Geordie' | work=northeastengland.talktalk.net | url=http://www.northeastengland.talktalk.net/GeordieOrigins.htm | access-date=5 February 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224114420/http://www.northeastengland.talktalk.net/GeordieOrigins.htm | archive-date=24 February 2008 }}</ref>

According to the [[British Library]], "Locals insist there are significant differences between Geordie and several other local dialects, such as [[Pitmatic]] and [[Mackem]]. Pitmatic is the dialect of the former mining areas in County Durham and around Ashington to the north of Newcastle upon Tyne, while Mackem is used locally to refer to the dialect of the city of Sunderland and the surrounding urban area of Wearside".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/british-accents-and-dialects/articles/geordie-a-regional-dialect-of-english|title=Geordie: A regional dialect of English|website=The British Library|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505185130/https://www.bl.uk/british-accents-and-dialects/articles/geordie-a-regional-dialect-of-english|url-status=dead}}</ref>

"Bairn" and "hyem", meaning "child" and "home", respectively, are examples of Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia;<ref name="bairnHyemScandinavianOrig">{{cite web | url = http://libguides.ncl.ac.uk/c.php?g=130223&p=850959 | title = Geordie dictionary | last = University Staff | date = 23 October 2017 | website = libguides.ncl.ac.uk | publisher = Newcastle University Library | access-date = 31 March 2018 | quote = Hyem: Home (of Scandinavian origin)}}</ref> ''barn'' and ''hjem'' are the corresponding modern Norwegian and Danish words. Some words used in the Geordie dialect are used elsewhere in the Northern United Kingdom. The words "bonny" (meaning "pretty") and "[[Stotting|stot]]" ("bounce") are used in Scots;   "aye" ("yes") and "nowt" (IPA:/naʊt/, rhymes with ''out'', "nothing") are used elsewhere in [[Northern England]]. Many words, however, appear to be used exclusively in Newcastle and the surrounding area, such as "canny" (a versatile word meaning "good", "nice" or "very"), "hacky" ("dirty"), "netty" ("toilet"), "hockle" ("spit").<ref>{{cite web |title=Newcastle English ("Geordie") – Vocabulary |work=une.edu.au |url=http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/definitions/geordie.html#vocab-hce |access-date=5 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025061829/http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/definitions/geordie.html#vocab-hce |archive-date=25 October 2007 }}</ref>

===Health===
[[File:Peacock Hall, Royal Victoria Infirmary - geograph.org.uk - 1762074.jpg|thumb|[[Royal Victoria Infirmary]]]]
According to research from 2011, public health and levels of deprivation in Newcastle upon Tyne was generally worse than average in England.<ref>{{cite web |title=Newcastle upon Tyne Health Profile 2011 |work=North East Public Health Observatory |url=http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/view.aspx?RID=105182 |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003060621/http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/view.aspx?RID=105182 |archive-date=3 October 2011 }}</ref> As levels of deprivation is considerably higher than the nationwide average, sociologists argue that as a result, the [[life expectancy]] for both men and women is lower than the nationwide average. There is significant discrepancy between life expectancies in wealthy areas and deprived areas, with life expectancy up to 14.3 years lower for men and 11.1 years lower for women in deprived areas than in wealthy areas.<ref>Slope Index of Inequality published on 5 January 2011</ref> From 2015 to 2019 Newcastle became relatively more deprived according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/our-city/statistics-and-intelligence |title=Statistics and intelligence |publisher=Newcastle City Council |access-date=28 September 2021 }}</ref>

From 2001 to 2011, as with all UK cities all-cause mortality rates have fallen, life expectancy has increased. Early death rates from cancer and from heart disease and stroke have fallen but remain worse than the England average.

Almost 21.9% of Year 6 children are clinically obese. In 2014/5, 35.9% of 10 to 11-year-olds were classified as overweight or obese, in comparison to a national average of 33.2%.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tom Sheldrick |url=http://www.itv.com/news/tyne-tees/2016-03-21/the-scale-of-the-north-easts-childhood-obesity-problem/ |title=The scale of the North East's childhood obesity problem &#124; Tyne Tees – ITV News |publisher=Itv.com |date=21 March 2016 |access-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> 54.9% of pupils meet the recommendation of at least three hours each week on school sport. Levels of [[teenage pregnancy]] are higher than the nationwide average. In 2011, [[GCSE]] attainment amongst school children was worse than the England average.<ref name="GCSE_2011">{{cite web | url = https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/your-council-and-democracy/statistics-and-census-information/equality-statistics-research-and-information | title = Children and Young People | date = 2011 | website = newcastle.gov.uk | publisher = gov.uk | access-date = 26 April 2017 | archive-date = 4 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160404193355/http://www.newcastle.gov.uk/your-council-and-democracy/statistics-and-census-information/equality-statistics-research-and-information }}</ref> Estimated numbers of adults 'healthy eating' are lower than the England average.<ref>{{cite web |title=Newcastle upon Tyne Health Profile 2012 |work=North East Public Health Observatory |url=http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/view.aspx?RID=142094 |access-date=29 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529113245/http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/view.aspx?RID=142094 |archive-date=29 May 2015 }}</ref> Rates of smoking-related deaths<ref name="Smok2012">{{cite web | url = http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/11-north-east-people-die-4414231 | title = 11 North East people die every day due to smoking | last = Helen Rae | date = 25 June 2012 | website = thejournal.co.uk | access-date = 26 April 2017 | archive-date = 5 April 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170405170415/http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/11-north-east-people-die-4414231 }}</ref> and hospital stays for alcohol-related harm are higher than average.<ref name="chroniclelive2">{{cite web|url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/health/how-bad-you-live-alcohol-12292575|author=Katie Dickinson|title=How bad is where you live for alcohol and drugs abuse? Tap in your postcode to find out|website=Chronicle Live|date=8 December 2016|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref>

Newcastle remains one of the few major cities in England to supply [[Water fluoridation|fluoridated water]]; this scheme is directed by [[Northumbrian Water Group|Northumbria Water plc.]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11430233/The-extent-of-water-fluoridation-in-the-UK.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11430233/The-extent-of-water-fluoridation-in-the-UK.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=The extent of water fluoridation in the UK|last=Reporter|first=Telegraph|journal=Daily Telegraph|date=24 February 2015|access-date=11 February 2018|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Newcastle has two large teaching hospitals: the [[Royal Victoria Infirmary]] and the [[Freeman Hospital]], which is also a pioneering centre for [[Organ transplant|transplant surgery]].

In a report, published in early February 2007 by the Ear Institute at the [[University College London]] and [[Widex]], Newcastle was named as the noisiest city in the whole of the UK with an average noise level of 80.4 [[decibel]]s. The report claimed that these noise levels would have a negative long-term impact on the health of the city's residents.<ref>{{cite news|title=Noisy Newcastle tops league table |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/6320799.stm |access-date=3 February 2007 | date=2 February 2007}}</ref> The report was criticised, however, for attaching too much weight to readings at arbitrarily selected locations, which in Newcastle's case included a motorway underpass without pedestrian access.<ref>{{cite web |title=Noise study gets an ear-bashing |work=Evening Chronicle |url=http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/tm_headline=noise-study-gets-an-ear-bashing&method=full&objectid=18564076&siteid=50081-name_page.html |access-date=21 February 2007 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118023615/http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/tm_headline%3Dnoise-study-gets-an-ear-bashing%26method%3Dfull%26objectid%3D18564076%26siteid%3D50081-name_page.html }}</ref> As well as numerous parks, open spaces, and extensive riverside areas, puzzlingly the report also overlooked the 1000-acre [[Town Moor, Newcastle upon Tyne|Town Moor]] at the heart of the city. Larger than London's Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath combined,<ref name="chroniclelive3">{{cite web|url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/all-about/town-moor-newcastle|title=Town Moor Newcastle - News, views, gossip, pictures, video|website=Chronicle Live|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref> and even larger than New York's [[Central Park]], the town moor dates back to the 12th century, with the land tenure and its use being regulated by an Act of Parliament.