Editing Neo-Nazism (section)

==== Poland ====
[[File:ONR poznan.jpg|thumb|ONR march in [[Poznań]] in November 2015]]

Under the [[Polish Constitution]] promoting any totalitarian system such as [[Nazism]], [[fascism]], or [[communism]], as well as inciting violence and/or racial hatred is illegal.<ref>[[Polish Constitution]] (Dz.U. z 1997 r. Nr 78, poz. 483)</ref> This was further re-enforced in the [[Polish Penal Code]] where discrediting any group or persons on national, religious, or racial grounds carries a sentence of 3 years.<ref>[[Polish Penal Code]] (Dz.U. z 2017 r. poz. 2204, z późn. zm.; Art 256 & Art 257)</ref>

Several far-right and anti-semitic organisations exist, most notably [[National Revival of Poland|NOP]] and [[National Radical Camp (1993)|ONR]] (both of which exist legally) and while they are classified as fascist, they officially say they are adherents of "[[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]]" rather than Nazism. These groups attempt to frame their activities as "patriotic" rather than neo-Nazi, even while employing Nazi symbolism or rhetoric, such as the [[Roman salute]], which they distinguish from the [[Nazi salute]].<ref name="dziennik.pl(2008-06-21)">PAP (2008-06-21), [https://archive.today/20130416073551/https://www.dziennik.pl/wydarzenia/article195823 Faszystowskie gesty w Myślenicach.] ''Dziennik.pl'' Kraj. Retrieved 25 January 2013.</ref> However, Daniel Pładek, a sociologist at the Jagiellonian University and a researcher of the extreme right and [[Anti-Defamation League]] describe NOP and ONR as "Nazi-like" or outright neo-Nazi, despite their claims to the contrary.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.adl.org/resources/hate-symbol/national-rebirth-poland | title=National Rebirth of Poland }}</ref><ref name="Dryjanska2">{{cite web |last1=Dryjańska |first1=Anna |date=7 May 2017 |title=Between fascism and Nazism. We are analyzing the ONR point-to-point statement with the extreme right-wing researcher |url=http://natemat.pl/207439,miedzy-faszyzmem-i-nazizmem-a-onr-em-analizujemy-deklaracje-nacjonalistow-punkt-po-punkcie-z-badaczem-skrajnej-prawicy |access-date=12 November 2017 |website=[[NaTemat.pl]] |language=pl}}</ref> NOP was described as "overtly nazi" by anti-hate advocacy group [[Hope not Hate]] and NOP is connected to the banned neo-Nazi terrorist group [[National Action (UK)|National Action]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hopenothate.org.uk/research-old/state-of-hate-2018/violence/polish-extremists/|work=[[Hope not Hate]]|date=13 May 2025|title=Polish extremists active in the UK}}</ref>

According to the ADL [[Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland]]-party that had at most 10% of the vote tolerates neo-Nazis among its ranks and its founder [[Andrzej Lepper]] has praised Adolf Hitler. For example, Self-Defense MP Mateusz Piskorski has translated the texts of the [[Order of Nine Angles]] leader [[David Myatt]] into Polish.<ref>[http://www.adl.org/international/PolandDemocracyandExtremism.pdf Poland: Democracy and the Challenge of Extremism] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001193732/http://www.adl.org/international/PolandDemocracyandExtremism.pdf |date=2008-10-01 }}, by [[Anti-Defamation League]], 2006</ref>

In addition to the fascist groups that tactically officially reject Nazism, there are several openly self-identified Nazi groups in Poland. For example, the Pride and Modernity-group organizes big events to celebrate the birthday of Adolf Hitler where they burn wooden swastikas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvn24.pl/tvn24-news-in-english/superwizjer-tvns-footage-of-the-polish-neo-nazi-community-ra809780-ls2578050|work=tvn24|title="To Hitler and our homeland, beloved Poland". Reporters infiltrated the neo-Nazi community|date=12 November 2024}}</ref> The neo-Nazi gang Bad Company threw a welcoming party for [[Janusz Waluś]], a right-wing extremist who assassinated the anti-apartheid black activist [[Chris Hani]].<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Notes from Poland]]|url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/12/07/janusz-walus-killer-of-anti-apartheid-leader-chris-hani-deported-to-poland-from-south-africa/|title=Janusz Waluś, killer of anti-apartheid leader Chris Hani, deported to Poland from South Africa|date=21 February 2025 }}</ref> Polish neo-Nazis from Association of Independence Rota held an event at the German border, opposing refugees coming from the West.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Bild]]|url=https://www.bild.de/regional/sachsen/grenze-in-goerlitz-dicht-polen-protestieren-gegen-fluechtlinge-aus-deutschland-67dec66619ceb0496e357117|title=Polen-Neonazis protestieren gegen Flüchtlinge aus Deutschland|date=20 April 2025}}</ref><ref>Tamara Olszewska, [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021756/http://koduj24.pl/wlos-sie-jezy-od-pomyslow-narodowca-roberta-bakiewicza/ Włos się jeży od pomysłów narodowca, Roberta Bąkiewicza] [online], KODUJ24.PL, 20 April 2025</ref> [[Szturmowcy]] (Stormtroopers) Nazi group held demonstrations, holding banners calling for a "White Europe".<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Notes from Poland]]|url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2019/11/15/security-services-detain-leader-of-radical-nationalist-group/|title=Security services detain leader of radical nationalist group
|date=21 February 2025 }}</ref> Polish Nazis from Zadrużny Krąg have also fought as part of the pagan neo-nazi [[Rusich Group]].<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Planeta.pl]]|url=https://www.planeta.pl/Wiadomosci/Polska/POLSCY-NEONAZISCI-WALCZA-W-ARMII-PUTINA.-Kilkadziesiat-osob-13-06-2022|title=POLSCY NEONAZIŚCI WALCZĄ W ARMII PUTINA! KILKADZIESIĄT OSÓB|date=24 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614145200/https://www.planeta.pl/Wiadomosci/Polska/POLSCY-NEONAZISCI-WALCZA-W-ARMII-PUTINA.-Kilkadziesiat-osob-13-06-2022 |archive-date=14 June 2022 |last1=Eurozet Sp |first1=Z O O. }}</ref> In addition to these examples, many other neo-Nazi groups exist, like the National Socialist Front, Front for National Cleansing and National-Socialist Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/polish-minister-releases-convicted-neo-nazi-from-prison/|work=[[Euractiv]]|date=17 May 2025|title=Undercover report on Polish neo-Nazis sparks investigation}}</ref><ref name="Cas">{{cite book | author = Cas Mudde | author-link=Cas Mudde | title = Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | year =2005 | publisher = [[Routledge]]| location =London | isbn=0-415-35593-1 | oclc =55228719 | url =https://archive.org/details/racistextremismc00mudd| url-access = limited | page = [https://archive.org/details/racistextremismc00mudd/page/n177 162] }}</ref>

Poland is also home to neo-Nazi bands such as [[Graveland]] and [[Honor (band)|Honor]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stalhammar|first=Kai Mathias|date=|title=Honor|url=http://www.rusmetal.ru/vae_solis/honor.html|access-date=2020-11-30|website=Russian Metal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |publisher=Bell Média |title=Protest of metal band with alleged Neo-Nazi ties prompts Plaza St. Hubert concert cancellation |url=https://www.iheartradio.ca/cjad/news/protest-of-metal-band-with-alleged-neo-nazi-ties-prompts-plaza-st-hubert-concert-cancellation-1.2235684 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=www.iheartradio.ca |language=en-CA}}
</ref> Reportedly an album by a neo-Nazi band named Legion sold over 30,000 copies even before the fall of the Iron Curtain.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dyck |first=Kirsten |title=Reichrock: The International Web of White-Power and Neo-Nazi Hate Music |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |year=2017 |isbn=9780813574738 |pages=95}}</ref>

[[Robert Winnicki]]'s [[National Movement (Poland)|National Movement]] sponsored the November 2017 anti-Israel demonstration that was attended by 60,000 people. [[Algemeiner]] characterized the demonstration as "Ultranationalist and neo-Nazi".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2018/02/09/iran-embraces-polish-far-right-advocate-of-widely-condemned-holocaust-law|work=[[Algemeiner]]|date=17 May 2025|title=Iran Embraces Polish Far Right Advocate of Widely-Condemned ‘Holocaust Law’}}</ref>

According to several reporter investigations, the Polish government turns a blind eye to these groups, and they are free to spread their ideology, frequently dismissing their existence as [[conspiracy theories]], dismissing acts political provocations, deeming them too insignificant to pose a threat, or attempting to justify or diminish the seriousness of their actions.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://wiadomosci.wp.pl/polscy-neonazisci-zdemaskowani-sympatycy-pis-widza-w-tym-spisek-6212049554433665a| title=Polscy neonaziści zdemaskowani. Sympatycy PiS widzą w tym spisek| date=2018-01-22| access-date=30 August 2022| archive-date=5 August 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805195343/https://wiadomosci.wp.pl/polscy-neonazisci-zdemaskowani-sympatycy-pis-widza-w-tym-spisek-6212049554433665a| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.tvn24.pl/superwizjer-w-tvn24,149,m/superwizjer-tvn-z-kamera-w-srodowisku-polskich-neonazistow,807953.html | title="Za Hitlera i naszą ojczyznę, ukochaną Polskę". Reporterzy przeniknęli do środowiska neonazistów | date=20 January 2018 | access-date=30 August 2022 | archive-date=2 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902091100/https://www.tvn24.pl/superwizjer-w-tvn24,149,m/superwizjer-tvn-z-kamera-w-srodowisku-polskich-neonazistow,807953.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title= Sieg heil! Neonazizm w Polsce ma się dobrze. Harłukowicz tropi faszystowskie kapele |author= Gazeta Wyborcza |access-date= 2018-07-18 |url= https://wyborcza.pl/duzyformat/7,127290,21574114,sieg-heil-neonazizm-w-polsce-ma-sie-dobrze-harlukowicz.html |language= pl |author-link= Gazeta Wyborcza |archive-date= 19 July 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180719000128/https://wyborcza.pl/duzyformat/7,127290,21574114,sieg-heil-neonazizm-w-polsce-ma-sie-dobrze-harlukowicz.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wroclaw.wyborcza.pl/wroclaw/7,35771,23190155,niemieccy-i-polscy-neonazisci-uczcza-na-granicy-rocznice-urodzin.html |title=Niemieccy i polscy neonaziści uczczą na granicy rocznicę urodzin Hitlera |language=pl |author=Jacek Harłukowicz |author2=Michał Kokot |date=26 March 2018 |access-date=30 August 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001101959/https://wroclaw.wyborcza.pl/wroclaw/7,35771,23190155,niemieccy-i-polscy-neonazisci-uczcza-na-granicy-rocznice-urodzin.html |url-status=live }}</ref>