Editing Moon (section)

===Renewed exploration (1990–present)===
In 1990 ''[[Hiten (spacecraft)|Hiten]]'' – ''Hagoromo'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Hiten-Hagomoro |publisher=NASA |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=Hiten&Display=ReadMore |access-date=March 29, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614115823/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=Hiten&Display=ReadMore |archive-date=June 14, 2011}}</ref> the first dedicated lunar mission since 1976, reached the Moon. Sent by [[Japan]], it became the first mission that was not a Soviet Union or U.S. mission to the Moon.

In 1994, the U.S. dedicated a mission to fly a spacecraft (''[[Clementine (spacecraft)|Clementine]]'') to the Moon again for the first time since 1973. This mission obtained the first near-global topographic map of the Moon, and the first global [[multispectral]] images of the lunar surface.<ref>{{cite web |title=Clementine information |publisher=NASA |date=1994 |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/cleminfo.html |access-date=March 29, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925095846/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/cleminfo.html |archive-date=September 25, 2010}}</ref> In 1998, this was followed by the ''[[Lunar Prospector]]'' mission, whose instruments indicated the presence of excess hydrogen at the lunar poles, which is likely to have been caused by the presence of water ice in the upper few meters of the regolith within permanently shadowed craters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lunar Prospector: Neutron Spectrometer |publisher=NASA |url=http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/results/neutron.htm |date=2001 |access-date=March 29, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527105801/http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/results/neutron.htm |archive-date=May 27, 2010}}</ref>

The next years saw a row of first missions to the Moon by a new group of states actively exploring the Moon.
Between 2004 and 2006 the first spacecraft by the [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) (''[[SMART-1]]'') reached the Moon, recording the first detailed survey of chemical elements on the lunar surface.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SMART-1/SEMSDE1A6BD_0.html |title=SMART-1 factsheet |date=February 26, 2007 |publisher=[[European Space Agency]] |access-date=March 29, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323044139/http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SMART-1/SEMSDE1A6BD_0.html |archive-date=March 23, 2010}}</ref>
The [[Chinese Lunar Exploration Program]] reached the Moon for the first time with the orbiter ''[[Chang'e 1]]'' (2007–2009),<ref>{{cite web |title=Chang'e 1 |publisher=NASA |date=2019 |url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-1/in-depth/ |access-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-date=November 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122070043/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-1/in-depth/ |url-status=live}}</ref> obtaining a full image map of the Moon.
[[Indian Space Research Organisation|India]] reached, orbited and impacted the Moon in 2008 for the first time with its ''[[Chandrayaan-1]]'' and [[Moon Impact Probe]], becoming the fifth and sixth state to do so, creating a high-resolution chemical, mineralogical and photo-geological map of the lunar surface, and confirming the presence of [[Lunar water|water molecules in lunar soil]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.org/Chandrayaan/htmls/mission_sequence.htm |title=Mission Sequence |date=November 17, 2008 |publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organisation]] |access-date=April 13, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706225136/http://www.isro.org/chandrayaan/htmls/mission_sequence.htm |archive-date=July 6, 2010}}</ref>

The U.S. launched the [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|''Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter'' (LRO)]] and the ''[[LCROSS]]'' impactor on June 18, 2009. ''LCROSS'' completed its mission by making a planned and widely observed impact in the crater [[Cabeus]] on October 9, 2009,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/observation.htm |title=Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS): Strategy & Astronomer Observation Campaign |date=October 2009 |publisher=NASA |access-date=April 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101191735/http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/observation.htm |archive-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref> whereas ''LRO'' is currently in operation, obtaining precise lunar [[altimetry]] and high-resolution imagery.

China continued its lunar program in 2010 with ''[[Chang'e 2]]'', mapping the surface at a higher resolution over an eight-month period, and in 2013 with ''[[Chang'e 3]]'', a lunar [[lander (spacecraft)|lander]] along with a [[lunar rover]] named ''[[Yutu (rover)|Yutu]]'' ({{Lang-zh|c=玉兔|l=Jade Rabbit}}). This was the first lunar rover mission since ''[[Lunokhod 2]]'' in 1973 and the first lunar [[soft landing]] since ''[[Luna 24]]'' in 1976, making China the third country to achieve this.

In 2014 the first privately funded probe, the [[Manfred Memorial Moon Mission]], reached the Moon.

Another Chinese rover mission, ''[[Chang'e 4]]'', achieved the first landing on [[Far side of the Moon|the Moon's far side]] in early 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=China Outlines New Rockets, Space Station and Moon Plans |url=http://www.space.com/28809-china-rocket-family-moon-plans.html |date=March 17, 2015 |first=Leonard |last=David |publisher=[[Space.com]] |access-date=June 29, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701055507/http://www.space.com/28809-china-rocket-family-moon-plans.html |archive-date=July 1, 2016}}</ref>

Also in 2019, India successfully sent its second probe, ''[[Chandrayaan-2]]'' to the Moon.

In 2020, China carried out its first robotic [[sample return mission]] (''[[Chang'e 5]]''), bringing back 1,731 grams of lunar material to Earth.<ref>{{cite news |title=China's Chang'e-5 brought 1,731 grams of samples from the moon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chinas-change-5-brought-1731-grams-of-samples-from-the-moon/article33377559.ece |date=December 20, 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=October 15, 2021 |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029180538/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chinas-change-5-brought-1731-grams-of-samples-from-the-moon/article33377559.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

The U.S. [[Vision for Space Exploration|developed plans]] for returning to the Moon beginning in 2004,<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/bush_vision.html |title=President Bush Offers New Vision For NASA |date=December 14, 2004 |publisher=NASA |access-date=April 12, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510062228/http://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/bush_vision.html |archive-date=May 10, 2007}}</ref> and with the signing of the U.S.-led [[Artemis Accords]] in 2020, the [[Artemis program]] aims to return the astronauts to the Moon in the 2020s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2019 |first=Adam |last=Mann |title=NASA's Artemis Program |url=https://www.space.com/artemis-program.html |access-date=April 19, 2021 |website=Space.com |language=en |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417175557/https://www.space.com/artemis-program.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Accords have been joined by a growing number of countries. The introduction of the Artemis Accords has fueled a renewed discussion about the international framework and cooperation of lunar activity, building on the [[Moon Treaty]] and the ESA-led [[Moon Village]] concept.<ref name="The Space Review 2020"/><ref name="Australian Institute of International Affairs 2021"/><ref name="The Space Treaty Institute – Dedicated to Peace and Sustainability in Outer Space. Our Mission"/>

2022 [[South Korea]] launched [[Danuri]] successfully, its first mission to the Moon, launched from the US.
2023 and 2024 [[India]] and Japan became the fourth and fifth country to [[Soft landing|soft land]] a spacecraft on the Moon, following the [[Soviet Union]] and [[United States]] in the 1960s, and [[China]] in the 2010s.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Japan makes contact with 'Moon Sniper' on lunar surface |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/science-environment-68019846 |date=January 19, 2024 |access-date=January 19, 2024 |work=BBC News |language=en-gb |archive-date=January 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119143351/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/science-environment-68019846 |url-status=live}}</ref> Notably, Japan's spacecraft, the [[Smart Lander for Investigating Moon]], survived 3 lunar nights.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Robert Lea |date=April 24, 2024 |title=Japan's SLIM moon lander defies death to survive 3rd frigid lunar night (image) |url=https://www.space.com/japan-slim-moon-lander-survives-3rd-lunar-night |access-date=May 1, 2024 |website=Space.com |language=en |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430163510/https://www.space.com/japan-slim-moon-lander-survives-3rd-lunar-night |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[IM-1]] lander became the first commercially built lander to land on the Moon in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intuitive Machines' 'Odysseus' becomes first commercial lander to reach the Moon – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2024/02/22/live-coverage-intuitive-machines-aims-to-become-first-commercial-lander-to-safely-reach-the-moon/ |access-date=April 15, 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=June 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615055824/https://spaceflightnow.com/2024/02/22/live-coverage-intuitive-machines-aims-to-become-first-commercial-lander-to-safely-reach-the-moon/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

China launched the [[Chang'e 6]] on May 3, 2024, which conducted another lunar sample return from the [[far side of the Moon]].<ref name="AJ_FI-20230425">{{cite tweet |author=Andrew Jones |user=AJ_FI |number=1650832520978526208 |title=China's Chang'e-6 sample return mission (a first ever lunar far side sample-return) is scheduled to launch in May 2024, and expected to take 53 days from launch to return module touchdown. Targeting southern area of Apollo basin (~43º S, 154º W) |date=April 25, 2023}}</ref> It also carried a Chinese rover to conduct [[Absorption spectroscopy|infrared spectroscopy]] of lunar surface.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=China's Chang'e-6 is carrying a surprise rover to the moon |url=https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-is-carrying-a-surprise-rover-to-the-moon/ |website=SpaceNews |access-date=May 8, 2024 |date=May 6, 2024 |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508193233/https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-is-carrying-a-surprise-rover-to-the-moon/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pakistan]] sent a lunar orbiter called [[ICUBE-Q]] along with Chang'e 6.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |url=https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-probe-arrives-at-spaceport-for-first-ever-lunar-far-side-sample-mission/ |title=China's Chang'e-6 probe arrives at spaceport for first-ever lunar far side sample mission |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=January 10, 2024 |access-date=January 10, 2024 |archive-date=May 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503100724/https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-probe-arrives-at-spaceport-for-first-ever-lunar-far-side-sample-mission/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[IM-2|Nova-C 2]], [[Ispace (Japanese company)#Hakuto-R program|iSpace Lander]] and [[Blue Ghost]] were all launched to the Moon in 2024.

[[File:Artemis 2 Crew Portrait.jpg|thumb|[[Artemis II]] crew, with the [[Women in space|first woman]], person of color and non–US-citizen astronaut planned to go to the Moon, scheduled for 2026, returning humans to the Moon for the first time since [[Apollo 17]] in 1972. [[Clockwise]] from left: [[Christina Koch|Koch]], [[Victor J. Glover|Glover]], [[Jeremy Hansen|Hansen]] and [[Reid Wiseman|Wiseman]].]]