Editing Memphis, Egypt (section)

===Twentieth century===
The major excavations of the British Egyptologist Sir [[Flinders Petrie|William Matthew Flinders Petrie]], conducted from 1907 to 1912, uncovered the majority of the ruins as seen today. Major discoveries on the site during these excavations included the pillared hall of the temple of Ptah, the pylon of Ramesses II, the great alabaster sphinx, and the great wall north of the palace of Apries. He also discovered the remains of the Temple of Amun of Siamon, and the Temple of Ptah of Merneptah.<ref>Petrie, ''Memphis I'' and ''Memphis II''.</ref> Many of his discoveries were documented by the ''London Times'' during May 1908.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 1908 |title=The British School of Archaeology in Egypt |work=The London Times}}</ref> His work was interrupted during the First World War, and would later be taken up by other archaeologists, gradually uncovering some of the forgotten monuments of the ancient capital.

A timeline listing the main findings:
* 1914 to 1921: the excavations of the [[University of Pennsylvania]] of the Temple of Ptah of Merneptah, which yield the discovery of the adjoining palace.
* 1942: the EAO survey, led by Egyptologist Ahmed Badawy, discovers the small Temple of Ptah of Ramesses, and the chapel of the tomb of Prince Shoshenq of the twenty-second dynasty.<ref>Badawy, ''Grab des Kronprinzen Scheschonk, Sohnes Osorkon's II, und Hohenpriesters von Memphis'', pp. 153–177.</ref>
* 1950: Egyptologist [[Labib Habachi]] discovered the chapel of Seti I, on behalf of the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation. The Egyptian government decided to transfer the pink granite colossus of Ramesses II to Cairo. It was placed before the city's [[Ramses Station|main train station]], in a square subsequently named ''Midân Ramesses'' for over fifty years, before being moved to another location in Giza in 2006 for restoration. It was later moved in January 2018 to the [[Grand Egyptian Museum]].<ref>{{cite news|title=''3,000-Year-Old Colossal Pharaoh Statue Moved to New Home''|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/colossus-ramses-statue-move-cairo-egypt-museum#:~:text=Encased%20in%20a%20specially%2Dbuilt,the%20new%20Grand%20Egyptian%20Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403230900/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/colossus-ramses-statue-move-cairo-egypt-museum#:~:text=Encased%20in%20a%20specially%2Dbuilt,the%20new%20Grand%20Egyptian%20Museum|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2021|access-date= 21 April 2021|agency=National Geographic|date=25 January 2021}}</ref>
* 1954: the chance discovery by roadworkers of a necropolis of the Middle Kingdom at Kom el-Fakhri.<ref>El-Hitta, ''Excavations at Memphis of Kom el-Fakhri''.</ref>
* 1955 to 1957: Rudolph Anthes, on behalf of the University of Philadelphia, searched and cleared the small Temple of Ptah of Ramesses, and the embalming chapel of Apis.<ref>Anthes, works from 1956, 1957 and 1959.</ref>
* 1969: the accidental discovery of a chapel of the small Temple of Hathor.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* 1970 to 1984: excavations conducted by the EAO clear the small temple of Hathor, directed by Abdullah el-Sayed Mahmud, Huleil Ghali, and Karim Abu Shanab.
* 1980: excavations of the embalming chamber of Apis, and further studies by the [[American Research Center in Egypt]].<ref>Jones, ''The temple of Apis in Memphis''.</ref>
* 1982: Egyptologist Jaromir Málek studied and recorded the findings of the small temple of Ptah of Ramesses.<ref>Málek, ''A Temple with a Noble Pylon'', 1988.</ref>
* 1970, and 1984 to 1990: excavations by the [[Egypt Exploration Society]] of London. Further excavations of the pillared hall and pylon of Ramesses II; the discovery of granite blocks bearing the annals of the reign of [[Amenemhat II]]; excavations of the tombs of high priests of Ptah; research and major explorations at the necropolis near Saqqara.<ref>Jeffreys, ''The survey of Memphis'', 1985.</ref>
* 2003: renewed excavations of the small temple of Hathor by the EAO (now the Supreme Council of Antiquities).
* 2003 to 2004: Excavations by a combined Russian-Belgian mission in the great wall north of Memphis.