Editing Leon Trotsky (section)

=== Norway ===
[[File:Heradsbygdveien 26, Hønefoss.jpg|thumb|Konrad Knudsen's House in Veksal, Norderhov, Norway, where Trotsky lived from June 1935 to September 1936]]
After Justice Minister [[Trygve Lie]] granted permission, Trotsky and his wife became guests of [[Konrad Knudsen]] at [[Norderhov]], near [[Hønefoss]], living at Knudsen's house from 18 June 1935 to 2 September 1936. Trotsky was hospitalized for a few weeks at [[Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål|Oslo Community Hospital]] from 19 September 1935.<ref name=Swain>Geoffrey Swain, ''Trotsky'' (Taylor & Francis, 2014) pp.199-202</ref><ref>Oddvar Høidal, ''Trotsky in Norway: Exile, 1935–1937''</ref>

Following French media complaints about Trotsky's role in encouraging the [[Matignon Agreements (1936)|May–June 1936 mass strikes in France]] with his articles, the Norwegian government, led by [[Johan Nygaardsvold]], grew uneasy. In summer 1936, Trotsky's asylum became a political issue for the fascist [[Nasjonal Samling]], led by [[Vidkun Quisling]],<ref name="author">Oddvar Høidal's ''Trotsky in Norway: Exile, 1935–1937.''</ref> alongside increased Soviet pressure. On 5 August 1936, Nasjonal Samling fascists burgled Knudsen's house while Trotsky and his wife were out. The burglars targeted Trotsky's works and archives. The raid was largely thwarted by Knudsen's daughter, Hjørdis, though some papers were taken.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/12/nor.htm|title=Leon Trotsky in Norway (1936)|date=January 1937|website=Marxists.org|access-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123230427/https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/12/nor.htm|archive-date=23 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> "Evidence" from the burglary was used by the government against Trotsky.<ref name="author" />

On 14 August 1936, the Soviet [[Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union|TASS]] agency announced a "Trotskyist–Zinovievist" plot and the imminent start of the [[Moscow Trials]]. Trotsky demanded a full, open inquiry. The accused, including Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, were sentenced to death and executed on 25 August 1936. On 26 August, eight policemen arrived at Knudsen's house, demanding Trotsky sign new residency conditions: no writing on current politics, no interviews, and all correspondence inspected. Trotsky refused and was told he and his wife would be moved.<ref name="auto1" /> The next day, police interrogated him about his political activities, officially citing him as a "witness" to the 5 August fascist raid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/12/nor.htm|title=Leon Trotsky in Norway|access-date=8 March 2018|website=Marxists.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715072452/https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/12/nor.htm|archive-date=15 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 September 1936, Trygve Lie ordered Trotsky and his wife transferred to a farm in [[Hurum]],<ref name=Hurum>{{cite web|url=http://www.dagsavisen.no/fremtiden/en-sensasjonell-rettssak/|title=En sensasjonell rettssak|access-date=31 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929072142/http://www.dagsavisen.no/fremtiden/en-sensasjonell-rettssak/|archive-date=29 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> where they were under house arrest.<ref name="author" /> Treatment at Hurum was harsh: confined indoors 22 hours daily under constant guard, with only one hour twice daily for walks. Trotsky was prevented from posting letters or responding to critics. Only his lawyers and [[Norwegian Labour Party]] Parliamentary leader [[Olav Scheflo]] were allowed visits.<ref name="author" /> From October 1936, even outdoor walks were prohibited.<ref name="author" /> Trotsky smuggled out one letter on 18 December 1936, ''The Moscow "Confessions"''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/03/confession.htm|title=The Moscow "Confessions"|date=18 December 1936|website=Marxists.org|access-date=6 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123230450/https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/03/confession.htm|archive-date=23 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 December 1936, they were deported on the Norwegian oil tanker ''Ruth'', guarded by [[Jonas Lie (government minister)|Jonas Lie]]. Later, in Mexico, Trotsky scathingly criticized his treatment, accusing the Norwegian government of trying to silence his opposition to the Moscow Trials:
{{Blockquote|When I look back today on this period of internment, I must say that never, anywhere, in the course of my entire life—and I have lived through many things—was I persecuted with as much miserable cynicism as I was by the Norwegian "Socialist" government. For four months, these ministers, dripping with democratic hypocrisy, gripped me in a stranglehold to prevent me from protesting the greatest crime history may ever know.<ref name="author" />}}