Editing Jurassic (section)

==== Lepidosaurs ====
[[Rhynchocephalia]]ns (the sole living representative being the [[tuatara]]) had achieved a global distribution by the beginning of the Jurassic,<ref name="Evans-2010" /> and represented the dominant group of small reptiles during the Jurassic globally.<ref name=":20">{{Cite journal |last1=Brownstein |first1=Chase D. |last2=Meyer |first2=Dalton L. |last3=Fabbri |first3=Matteo |last4=Bhullar |first4=Bhart-Anjan S. |last5=Gauthier |first5=Jacques A. |date=2022-11-29 |title=Evolutionary origins of the prolonged extant squamate radiation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=7087 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34217-5 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=9708687 |pmid=36446761|bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7087B }}</ref> Rhynchocephalians reached their highest morphological diversity in their evolutionary history during the Jurassic, occupying a wide range of lifestyles, including the aquatic [[Pleurosauridae|pleurosaurs]] with long snake-like bodies and reduced limbs, the specialized herbivorous [[Eilenodontinae|eilenodontines]], as well as the [[sapheosaurs]] which had broad tooth plates indicative of [[durophagy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Herrera-Flores|first1=Jorge A.|last2=Stubbs|first2=Thomas L.|last3=Benton|first3=Michael J.|date=2017|title=Macroevolutionary patterns in Rhynchocephalia: is the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) a living fossil?|journal=Palaeontology|language=en|volume=60|issue=3|pages=319–328|doi=10.1111/pala.12284|bibcode=2017Palgy..60..319H |issn=1475-4983|doi-access=free}}</ref> Rhynchocephalians disappeared from Asia after the Early Jurassic.<ref name="Evans-2010">{{Citation|last1=Evans|first1=Susan E.|title=The Origin, Early History and Diversification of Lepidosauromorph Reptiles|date=2010|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10311-7_2|work=New Aspects of Mesozoic Biodiversity|volume=132|pages=27–44|place=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-10311-7_2|isbn=978-3-642-10310-0|access-date=2021-01-07|last2=Jones|first2=Marc E.H.|series=Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences |bibcode=2010LNES..132...27E}}</ref> The last common ancestor of living [[Squamata|squamates]] (which includes [[lizard]]s and [[snake]]s) is estimated to have lived around 190 million years ago during the Early Jurassic, with the major divergences between modern squamate lineages estimated to have occurred during the Early to Middle Jurassic.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burbrink|first1=Frank T|last2=Grazziotin|first2=Felipe G|last3=Pyron|first3=R Alexander|last4=Cundall|first4=David|last5=Donnellan|first5=Steve|last6=Irish|first6=Frances|last7=Keogh|first7=J Scott|last8=Kraus|first8=Fred|last9=Murphy|first9=Robert W|last10=Noonan|first10=Brice|last11=Raxworthy|first11=Christopher J|date=2020-05-01|editor-last=Thomson|editor-first=Robert|title=Interrogating Genomic-Scale Data for Squamata (Lizards, Snakes, and Amphisbaenians) Shows no Support for Key Traditional Morphological Relationships|url=https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/69/3/502/5573126|journal=Systematic Biology|language=en|volume=69|issue=3|pages=502–520|doi=10.1093/sysbio/syz062|pmid=31550008|issn=1063-5157}}</ref> Squamates first appear in the fossil record during the Middle Jurassic<ref name="Cleary-2018">{{Cite journal|last1=Cleary|first1=Terri J.|last2=Benson|first2=Roger B. J.|last3=Evans|first3=Susan E.|last4=Barrett|first4=Paul M.|date=21 March 2018|title=Lepidosaurian diversity in the Mesozoic–Palaeogene: the potential roles of sampling biases and environmental drivers|url= |journal=Royal Society Open Science|volume=5|issue=3|pages=171830|doi=10.1098/rsos.171830|pmc=5882712|pmid=29657788|bibcode=2018RSOS....571830C}}</ref> including members of modern clades such as [[Scincomorpha]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Evans|first=S. E.|date=1998|title=Crown group lizards (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles|journal=Palaeontographica, Abteilung A |volume=250|issue=4–6 |pages=123–154|doi=10.1127/pala/250/1998/123 |bibcode=1998PalAA.250..123E |s2cid=246932992 }}</ref> though many Jurassic squamates have unclear relationships to living groups.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dong|first1=Liping|last2=Wang|first2=Yuan|last3=Mou|first3=Lijie|last4=Zhang|first4=Guoze|last5=Evans|first5=Susan E.|date=2019-09-13|title=A new Jurassic lizard from China|journal=Geodiversitas|volume=41|issue=16|pages=623|doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a16|s2cid=204256127|issn=1280-9659|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019Geodv..41..623D }}</ref> ''[[Eichstaettisaurus]]'' from the Late Jurassic of Germany has been suggested to be an early relative of [[gecko]]s and displays adaptations for climbing.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Simões|first1=Tiago R.|last2=Caldwell|first2=Michael W.|last3=Nydam|first3=Randall L.|last4=Jiménez-Huidobro|first4=Paulina|date=September 2016|title=Osteology, phylogeny, and functional morphology of two Jurassic lizard species and the early evolution of scansoriality in geckoes |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|doi=10.1111/zoj.12487}}</ref> ''[[Dorsetisaurus]]'' from the Late Jurassic of North America and Europe represents the oldest widely accepted record of [[Anguimorpha]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Daza|first1=J. D.|last2=Bauer|first2=A. M.|last3=Stanley|first3=E. L.|last4=Bolet|first4=A.|last5=Dickson|first5=B.|last6=Losos|first6=J. B.|date=2018-11-01|title=An Enigmatic Miniaturized and Attenuate Whole Lizard from the Mid-Cretaceous Amber of Myanmar|url=https://bioone.org/journals/breviora/volume-563/issue-1/MCZ49.1/An-Enigmatic-Miniaturized-and-Attenuate-Whole-Lizard-from-the-Mid/10.3099/MCZ49.1.full|journal=Breviora|volume=563|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.3099/MCZ49.1|hdl=1983/0955fcf4-a32a-4498-b920-1421dcea67de |s2cid=91589111|issn=0006-9698|hdl-access=free}}</ref> ''[[Marmoretta]]'' from the Middle Jurassic of Britain has been suggested to represent a late surviving [[Lepidosauromorpha|lepidosauromorph]] outside both Rhynchocephalia and Squamata, though some studies have recovered it as a stem-squamate.<ref name="Griffiths spp2.1400">{{Cite journal |last1=Griffiths |first1=Elizabeth F. |last2=Ford |first2=David P. |last3=Benson |first3=Roger B.J. |last4=Evans |first4=Susan E. |date=September 2021 |editor-last=Ruta |editor-first=Marcello |title=New information on the Jurassic lepidosauromorph Marmoretta oxoniensis |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.1400 |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=2255–2278 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1400 |bibcode=2021PPal....7.2255G |issn=2056-2799 |s2cid=239140732}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Vadasaurus herzogi holotype (fossil).jpg|''[[Vadasaurus|Vadasaurus herzogi]]'', a rynchocephalian from the Upper Jurassic [[Solnhofen Limestone]] of Germany
File:Homeosaurus maximiliani, lizard, Jurassic, Solnhofen Limestone, Eichstatt, Bavaria, Germany - Houston Museum of Natural Science - DSC01988.JPG|''[[Homoeosaurus|Homeosaurus maximiliani]]'', a rynchocephalian from the Solnhofen Limestone
File:Pleurosaurus 783534.jpg|''[[Pleurosaurus]],'', an aquatic rhynchocephalian from the Late Jurassic of Europe
File:Eichstaettisaurus schroederi.JPG|''[[Eichstaettisaurus|Eichstaettisaurus schroederi]],'', an extinct lizard from the Solnhofen Limestone 
</gallery>