Editing Jazz (section)

===Hard bop===
{{Main|Hard bop}}
[[File:Art Blakey 1973.jpg|thumb|left|[[Art Blakey]] in 1973]]
Hard bop is an extension of bebop (or "bop") music that incorporates influences from blues, rhythm and blues, and gospel, especially in saxophone and piano playing. Hard bop was developed in the mid-1950s, coalescing in 1953 and 1954; it developed partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s and paralleled the rise of rhythm and blues. It has been described as "funky" and can be considered a relative of [[soul jazz]].<ref name="gridley">{{Citation |last=Gridley |first=Mark C. |title=[[All Music Guide to Jazz]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/allmusicguidetoj00wynn/page/11 11–12] |date=1994 |editor=Ron Wynn |others=M. Erlewine, V. Bogdanov |place=San Francisco |publisher=Miller Freeman |isbn=0-8793-0308-5 |editor-link=Ron Wynn}}</ref> Some elements of the genre were simplified from their bebop roots.<ref name=":1"/>

Miles Davis's 1954 performance of "Walkin'" at the first [[Newport Jazz Festival]] introduced the style to the jazz world.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Natambu |first1=Kofi |date=2014 |title=Miles Davis: A New Revolution in Sound |journal=Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire |volume=2 |page=39}}</ref> Further leaders of hard bop's development included the [[Clifford Brown]]/Max Roach Quintet, Art Blakey's [[The Jazz Messengers|Jazz Messengers]], the Horace Silver Quintet, and trumpeters [[Lee Morgan]] and [[Freddie Hubbard]]. The late 1950s to early 1960s saw hard boppers form their own bands as a new generation of blues- and bebop-influenced musicians entered the jazz world, from pianists [[Wynton Kelly]] and [[Tommy Flanagan (musician)|Tommy Flanagan]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Rosenthal |first=David H. |date=1988 |title=Hard Bop and Its Critics |journal=The Black Perspective in Music |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=21–29 |doi=10.2307/1215124 |jstor=1215124 |issn=0090-7790}}</ref> to saxophonists [[Joe Henderson]] and [[Hank Mobley]]. Coltrane, [[Johnny Griffin]], Mobley, and Morgan all participated on the album ''[[A Blowin' Session]]'' (1957), considered by Al Campbell to have been one of the high points of the hard bop era.<ref>{{Citation |title=A Blowin' Session – Johnny Griffin {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/a-blowin-session-mw0000243668 |language=en |access-date=2022-04-30}}</ref>

Hard bop was prevalent within jazz for about a decade spanning from 1955 to 1965,<ref name=":02"/> but has remained highly influential on mainstream<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=hardbopz |url=http://www.scottyanow.com/hardbopz.html |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=www.scottyanow.com}}</ref> or "straight-ahead" jazz. It went into decline in the late 1960s through the 1970s due to the emergence of other styles such as jazz fusion, but again became influential following the Young Lions Movement and the emergence of [[neo-bop]].<ref name=":1"/>