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Ion Antonescu
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==Awards and decorations== Antonescu received a number of awards and decorations throughout his military career, most notable being the [[Order of Michael the Brave]], which was personally awarded to him by King [[Ferdinand of Romania|Ferdinand I]] during the [[Hungarian–Romanian War]] of 1919.<ref name=romanianciv>{{Cite book|last=Centrul de Istorie și Civilizație Europeană (Academia Română)|author2=Fundația Culturală Română|title=Romanian civilization, Volume 4|publisher=[[Romanian Cultural Foundation]]; Original: [[Indiana University Press]]|year=1995|page=95}}</ref> He also received several decorations from foreign countries. He was the first Romanian to receive the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]], being awarded it by Hitler himself.<ref name=d83,86,280,305/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan=2 | Award or decoration ! Country ! Date ! Place ! Note ! Ref |- | [[File:Romanian Military Virtue Medal ribbon.png|80px]] | [[Military Virtue Medal|Medal of Military Virtue]] <small>(1st Class in Gold)</small> | {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}} | 1913 | [[Southern Dobruja]] | align="left"| Romania's highest military decoration at the time. Only received by one other officer in the army during the [[Second Balkan War]]. |<ref>{{Cite book|last=Muzeul Literaturii Române (Romania)|title=Manuscriptum, Volume 29|publisher=Muzeul Literaturii Române; Original: [[University of Michigan Press]]|year=1998|page=119|language=ro}}</ref> |- | [[File:Order of Michael the Brave ribbon.svg|80px]] | [[Order of Michael the Brave]] <small>(3rd, 2nd, and 1st Class received)</small> | {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}} | 1919 | [[Tisza River]], [[Hungary]] | align="left"|Romania's highest military decoration. Upon crossing the River Tisza, King Ferdinand took the Order of Michael the Brave from his own uniform and presented it to Antonescu, saying "Antonescu, no one in this country knows better than the King how much they owe you." | <ref name=romanianciv/><ref name=RomanianArmy>{{Cite book|last=Axworthy|first=Mark|author2=Horia Șerbănescu|title=The Romanian Army of World War II|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|year=1992|page=24|isbn=1-85532-169-6 }}</ref> |- | | [[Pilot/Observer Badge]] in Gold with Diamonds | {{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} | June 1941 | | align="left"|Bestowed to honor exceptional success, presented to Antonescu by ''[[Reichsmarschall]]'' [[Hermann Göring]]. | <ref name=RomanianArmy/> |- | [[File:DEU EK 1 Klasse BAR.svg|80px]] | [[Iron Cross]] <small>(2nd, and 1st Class received)</small> | {{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} | 6 August 1941 | [[Berdychiv]] | align="left"|Awarded for bravery in battle as well as other military contributions in a battlefield environment. | <ref name=d83,86,280,305/> |- | [[File:DEU EK Ritter BAR.svg|80px]] | [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] | {{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} | 6 August 1941 | [[Berdychiv]] | align="left"|Nazi Germany's highest decoration for its military and paramilitary forces during World War II. First Romanian to receive the award. | <ref name=d83,86,280,305/> |- | [[File:FIN Order of the White Rose Grand Cross BAR.png|80px]] | [[Order of the White Rose of Finland|Grand Cross of the White Rose of Finland with Swords]] | {{flag|Finland}} | January 1942 | [[Bucharest]] | align="left"|One of three highest state orders of Finland, established in 1919 by [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]]. |<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Miloiu|first=Silviu|title=The Marshals as Key Symbols of the Romanian – Finnish Cooperation during World War II|journal=Annals of University "Valahia" Târgoviște|volume=X|issue=Section of Archaeology and History|page=78|publisher=Valahia University Press|year=2008|url=http://www.arsbn.ro/user/image/the-marshals-as-key-symbols-to-the-romanian-finnish-relations.pdf|issn=1584-1855|access-date=30 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328092924/http://www.arsbn.ro/user/image/the-marshals-as-key-symbols-to-the-romanian-finnish-relations.pdf|archive-date=28 March 2012}}</ref> |- | [[File:Krimschild.JPG|80px]] | [[Crimea Shield]] in gold | {{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} | 3 July 1942 | [[Bucharest]] | align="left"|The first recipient of this award, bestowed upon Antonescu by [[Erich von Manstein]] on [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]]'s behalf |<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJ4XDAAAQBAJ&q=crimea+shield+antonescu&pg=PA19|title=World War II German Battle Insignia|first=Gordon|last=Williamson|date=20 March 2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781780965703|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kahZBAAAQBAJ&q=crimea+shield+antonescu&pg=RA1-PA25|title=Thunder at Prokhorovka: A Combat History of Operation Citadel, Kursk, July 1943|first=David|last=Schranck|date=19 January 2014|publisher=Helion and Company|isbn=9781909384545|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>Paul Carell, ''Scorched earth; Hitler's war on Russia'', [[G. G. Harrap]], 1970, p. 19</ref><ref>Adolf Hitler, Max Domarus, ''Speeches and proclamations, 1932-1945'', Bolchazy-Carducci, 2004, p. 2799</ref><ref>Christopher Ailsby, ''Combat medals of the Third Reich'', P. Stephens, 1987, p. 98</ref> |- | [[File:FIN Order of the Cross of Liberty GCross war BAR.svg|80px]] | [[Order of the Cross of Liberty|Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Liberty with Swords]] | {{flag|Finland}} | 10 November 1943 | | align="left"| The oldest of the Finnish state orders |<ref>{{cite book | last = Matikkala | first = Antti | year = 2017 | title = Kunnian ruletti: Korkeimmat ulkomaalaisille 1941-1944 annetut suomalaiset kunniamerkit | language = fi | location = Helsinki | publisher = Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura | isbn = 978-952-222-847-5 | page = 511}}</ref> |}
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