Editing Infant mortality (section)

=== China ===
The growth of medical resources in the People's Republic of China's during the latter half of the 20th century partly explains its dramatic improvement regarding infant mortality during this time. The [[Rural Cooperative Medical System]], which was founded in the 1950s, granted healthcare access to previously underserved rural populations, and is estimated to have covered 90% of China's rural population throughout the 1960s. The Cooperative Medical System achieved an infant mortality rate of 25.09 per 1,000; while it was later defunded, leaving many rural populations to rely on an expensive fee-for-service system, the rate continued to decline.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Liu X, Cao H |date=1992 |title=China's Cooperative Medical System: its historical transformations and the trend of development |journal=Journal of Public Health Policy |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=501–11 |doi=10.2307/3342538 |jstor=3342538 |pmid=1287043 |s2cid=1977035}}</ref> As the Cooperative Medical System was replaced, the change caused a socio-economic gap in accessibility to medical care in China, however this was not reflected in its declining infant mortality rate; prenatal care was increasingly used, and delivery assistance remained accessible.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Song S, Burgard SA |date=September 2011 |title=Dynamics of inequality: mother's education and infant mortality in China, 1970-2001 |journal=Journal of Health and Social Behavior |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=349–64 |doi=10.1177/0022146511410886 |jstor=23033284 |pmid=21896686 |s2cid=25288570}}</ref>

China's [[one-child policy]], adopted in the 1980s, negatively impacted its infant mortality. Women carrying unapproved pregnancies faced state consequences and [[social stigma]] and were thus less likely to use prenatal care. Additionally, economic realities and long-held cultural factors incentivized male offspring, leading some families who already had sons to avoid prenatal care or professional delivery services, and causing China to have unusually high female infant mortality rates during this time.<ref>{{Cite journal |name-list-style=vanc |vauthors=Lai D |date=2005 |title=Sex Ratio at Birth and Infant Mortality Rate in China: An Empirical Study |journal=Social Indicators Research |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=313–326 |doi=10.1007/s11205-004-1542-y |jstor=27522168 |s2cid=143548315}}</ref>