Editing Industrial espionage (section)

==Competitive intelligence and economic or industrial espionage==
"[[Competitive intelligence]]" involves the legal and ethical activity of systematically gathering, analyzing and managing information on industrial competitors.{{sfn|Nasheri|2005|p=73}} It may include activities such as examining newspaper articles, corporate publications, websites, patent filings, specialised databases, information at trade shows and the like to determine information on a corporation.{{sfn|Nasheri|2005|p=74}} The compilation of these crucial elements is sometimes termed{{by whom|date=January 2019}} CIS or CRS, a ''Competitive Intelligence Solution'' or ''Competitive Response Solution'', with its roots in [[market research]]. Douglas Bernhardt has characterised "competitive intelligence" as involving "the application of principles and practices from military and national intelligence to the domain of global business";<ref>
{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/marketing-know-your-enemy-1526528.html|title=Marketing: Know your enemy|last1=Walker|first1=Nick|work=The Independent|access-date=30 January 2019|department=Indy/Life|date=19 December 1995|quote='Competitive intelligence involves the application of principles and practices from military and national intelligence to the domain of global business. It is where the art and disciplines of both intelligence and strategic management converge. Competitive intelligence is the flip side of the strategy coin,' stresses Douglas Bernhardt, author of Perfectly Legal Competitor Intelligence.}}
</ref> it is the commercial equivalent of [[open-source intelligence]].

The difference between competitive intelligence and economic or industrial espionage is not clear; one needs to understand the legal basics to recognize how to draw the line between the two.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rhesq.com/CI/CIR.pdf|title=The Economic Espionage Act: The Rules Have Not Changed, Competitive Intelligence Review, July/August 1998|access-date=2012-02-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rhesq.com/CI/Hopefully%20For%20The%20Last%20Time.pdf|title=Competitive Intelligence, Law, and Ethics: The EEA Revisited Again (and Hopefully for the Last Time), ''Competitive Intelligence Magazine'', July/September 2011|access-date=2012-02-12}}
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