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== References == {{reflist|25em}} ===Bibliography=== {{refbegin|25em|small=y}} * {{cite journal |last=Abdi |first=Kamyar |title=Elamo-Hittitica I: An Elamite Goddess in Hittite Court |journal=Dabir (Digital Archive of Brief Notes & Iran Review) |url=https://www.academia.edu/31797493 |issue=3 |year=2017 |publisher=Jordan Center for Persian Studies |publication-place=Irvine |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite book |last=Ackerman |first=Susan |date=2006 |orig-year=1989 |title=Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel |editor-last=Day |editor-first=Peggy Lynne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=38aX_-PqViIC&pg=PA116 |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-0-8006-2393-7 }} * {{cite journal |last=Al-Jallad | first=Ahmad |title=On the origins of the god Ruḍaw and some remarks on the pre-Islamic North Arabian pantheon |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP) |date=2021 | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=559–571 |issn=1356-1863 |doi=10.1017/s1356186321000043| s2cid=233679011 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Bendt |last=Alster |year=2013 |title=Tammuz(/Dumuzi) |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#11412 |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite book |last=Archi |first=Alfonso |year=2014 |section=The Anatolian fate-goddesses and their different traditions |title=Diversity and Standardization |pages=1–26 |publisher=de Gruyter |publication-place=München |doi=10.1524/9783050057576.1 |isbn=978-3-05-005756-9 |section-url=https://www.academia.edu/7003669 }} * {{cite book |editor1-first=Julia M. |editor1-last=Asher-Greve |editor2-first=Joan G. |editor2-last=Westenholz |editor2-link=Joan Goodnick Westenholz |year=2013 |title=Goddesses in Context: On divine powers, roles, relationships, and gender in Mesopotamian textual and visual sources |publisher=Academic Press Fribourg |isbn=978-3-7278-1738-0 |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/135436/1/Asher-Greve_Westenholz_2013_Goddesses_in_Context.pdf }} * {{cite book |last=Assante |first=Julia |date=2003 |article=From whores to Hierodules: The historiographic invention of Mesopotamian female sex professionals |title=Ancient Art and Its Historiography |editor1-last=Donahue |editor1-first=A.A. |editor2-last=Fullerton |editor2-first=Mark D. |location=Cambridge, England |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=13–47}} * {{cite journal |last=Attinger |first=Pascal |title=Inana et Ebih |journal=Zeitschrift für Assyriologie |volume=3 |date=1988 |pages=164–195}} * {{cite journal |last=Ayali-Darshan |first=Noga |year=2014 |title=The Role of Aštabi in ''the Song of Ullikummi'' and the eastern Mediterranean "failed god" stories |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |publisher=University of Chicago Press |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=95–103 |issn=0022-2968 |doi=10.1086/674665 |s2cid=163770018 |url=https://www.academia.edu/44462602 }} * {{cite book |last1=Baring |first1=Anne |last2=Cashford |first2=Jules |date=1991 |title=The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of an image |location=London, England |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-019292-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0XedISRtcZYC&pg=PT338 }} * {{cite journal |last=Beckman |first=Gary |title=Ištar of Nineveh Reconsidered |journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies |publisher=American Schools of Oriental Research |volume=50 |year=1998 |issn=0022-0256 |jstor=1360026 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.2307/1360026 |s2cid=163362140 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1360026 |access-date=2021-07-28 }} * {{cite journal |last=Beckman |first=Gary |year=1999 |title=The goddess Pirinkir and her ritual from Ḫattuša (CTH 644) |journal=Ktèma: Civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques |publisher=PERSEE Program |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=25–39 |issn=0221-5896 |doi=10.3406/ktema.1999.2206 | hdl=2027.42/77419 |hdl-access=free }} * {{cite book |last=Beckman |first=Gary |year=2000 |section=Goddess Worship—Ancient and Modern |title=A Wise and Discerning Mind: Essays in honor of Burke O. Long |publisher=Brown Judaic Studies |pages=11–24 |doi=10.2307/j.ctvzgb93t.9 |isbn=978-1-946527-90-5 |jstor=j.ctvzgb93t.9 |hdl=2027.42/77415 |s2cid=190264355 |section-url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvzgb93t.9 |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite book |last=Beckman |first=Gary |title=Recent Developments in Hittite Archaeology and History |section=Babyloniaca hethitica: The "babilili-ritual" from Bogazköy (CTH 718) |section-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44963754 |publisher=Penn State University Press |date=2002 |doi=10.5325/j.ctv1bxh36t.6 }} * {{cite conference |last=Beckman |first=Gary |date=18–20 February 2010 |title=Primordial Obstetrics. "The Song of Emergence" (CTH 344) |book-title=Hethitische Literatur: Überlieferungsprozesse, Textstrukturen, Ausdrucksformen, und Nachwirken |conference=Symposiums über Hethitische Literatur: vom 18. bis 20. Februar 2010 in Bonn |publication-date=2011 |publisher=Ugarit-Verlag |publication-place=Münster |isbn=978-3-86835-063-0 |oclc=768810899 |url=https://www.academia.edu/48247742 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Behrens |first1=H. |first2=J. |last2=Klein |year=1998 |title=Ninegalla |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8599 |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite book |last=Bertman |first=Stephen |year=2003 |title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-518364-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1C4NKp4zgIQC&q=Papsukkal+%2B+Ninshubur&pg=PA124 }} * {{cite book |last1=Black |first1=Jeremy |first2=Anthony |last2=Green |year=1992 |title=Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An illustrated dictionary |publisher=The British Museum Press |isbn=978-0-7141-1705-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05LXAAAAMAAJ&q=Inana }} * {{cite book |last1=Botterweck |first1=G. Johannes |last2=Ringgren |first2=Helmer |year=1990 |title=Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament |volume=VI |location=Grand Rapids, Michigan |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. |isbn=978-0-8028-2330-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MCOd-uAEQy0C&pg=PA35 }} * {{cite book |last=Breitenberger |first=Barbara |year=2007 |title=Aphrodite and Eros: The Development of Greek Erotic Mythology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSFePRxm1jAC&q=Cyprus&pg=PA10 |location=New York & London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96823-2 }} * {{cite book |title=Ao Kurnugu, Terra sem Retorno |language=pt-br |year=2019 |pages=208 |place=Curitiba |publisher=Kotter Editorial |isbn=978-65-80103-41-6 |translator=Jacyntho Lins Brandão |ref={{harvid|Brandão|2019}} }} * {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Peter Lancaster |date=1976 |title=Megaliths, Myths and Men: An Introduction to Astro-Archaeology |location=New York City, New York |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=978-0-8008-5187-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3zYIAAAAIAAJ }} * {{cite book |last=Buckland |first=Raymond |author-link=Raymond Buckland |date=2001 |title=Wicca for Life: The way of the Craft – from birth to Summerland |location=New York, NY |publisher=Kensington Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-0-8065-2455-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJVo58KTVKkC&pg=PA75 }} * {{cite book |last=Budin |first=Stephanie L. |date=2010 |section=Aphrodite Enoplion |editor-last1=Smith |editor-first1=Amy C. |editor-last2=Pickup |editor-first2=Sadie |title=Brill's Companion to Aphrodite |location=Leiden, NL |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-474-4450-3 |series=Brill's Companions in Classical Studies |pages=85–86, 96, 100, 102–103, 112, 123, 125 |language=en |section-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrq9CwAAQBAJ }} * {{cite book |last=Burkert |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Burkert |year=1982 |title=Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0520047709}} * {{cite book |last=Burkert |first=Walter |date=1985 |title=Greek Religion |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=978-0-674-36281-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk }} * {{cite web |last=Caton |first=Gary P. |date=14 May 2012 |title=Venus Retrograde |series=Astrology as If the Sky Matters |website=Mountainastrologer.com |url=https://mountainastrologer.com/tma/astrology-as-if-the-sky-matters-venus-retrograde/ |access-date=2021-08-12 }} * {{cite book |last=Chicago |first=Judy |author-link=Judy Chicago |date=2007 |title=The Dinner Party: From Creation to Preservation |location=London, UK |publisher=Merrell |isbn=978-1-85894-370-1}} * {{cite journal |last=Collins |first=Paul |date=1994 |title=The Sumerian goddess Inanna (3400–2200 BCE) |journal=Papers from the Institute of Archaeology |volume=5 |publisher=UCL|doi=10.5334/pia.57 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |last=Cooley |first=Jeffrey L. |year=2008 |title=Inana and Šukaletuda: A Sumerian Astral Myth |journal=KASKAL |volume=5 |pages=161–172 |issn=1971-8608 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1247599 }} * {{cite book |last=Cyrino |first=Monica S. |date=2010 |title=Aphrodite |series=Gods and Heroes of the Ancient World |location=New York City, New York and London, England |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-77523-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gyVn5GjXPkC&q=Aphrodite+Monica+S.+Cyrino }} * {{cite book |last=Dalley |first=Stephanie |author-link=Stephanie Dalley |date=1989 |title=Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the flood, Gilgamesh, and others |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-283589-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ERp_y_w1nIC&q=Ishtar }} * {{cite book |last=Day |first=John |year=2004 |section=Does the Old Testament refer to sacred prostitution, and did it actual exist in ancient Israel? |editor-last=McCarthy |editor-first=Carmel |editor2-last=Healey |editor2-first=John F. |title=Biblical and Near Eastern Essays: Studies in Honour of Kevin J. Cathcart |publisher=Cromwell Press |pages=2–21 |isbn=978-0-8264-6690-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1LsFeLWi06gC }} * {{cite magazine |last1=D'Costa |first1=Krystal |date=31 March 2013 |title=Beyond Ishtar: The tradition of eggs at Easter: Don't believe every meme you encounter |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |publisher=Nature America, Inc. |department=Anthropology in practice |type=blog |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/anthropology-in-practice/beyond-ishtar-the-tradition-of-eggs-at-easter/ }} * {{cite journal |first=Marcia W. D-S. |last=Dobson |year=1992 |title=Ritual Death, Patriarchal Violence, and Female Relationships in the Hymns to Demeter and Inanna |journal=NWSA Journal |volume=4 |number=1 |pages=42–58 |jstor=4316175 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4316175 }} * {{cite book |last=Drewnowska-Rymarz |first=Olga |title=Mesopotamian goddess Nanāja |publisher=Agade |publication-place=Warszawa |year=2008 |isbn=978-83-87111-41-0 |oclc=263460607}} * {{cite web |title=Enheduanna: ''The exaltation of Inanna'' |id=Inanna B |type=translation |year=2001 |website=The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature |url=http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section4/tr4072.htm }} * {{cite book |last=Fiore |first=Simon |year=1965 |title=Voices from the Clay: The development of Assyro-Babylonian literature |publisher=Norman, University of Oklahoma Press}} * {{cite book |last=Fontenrose |first=Joseph Eddy |date=1980 |orig-year=1959 |title=Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins |location=Berkeley, California, Los Angeles, California, and London, England |publisher=The University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-04106-6 |edition=reprint |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA167 }} * {{cite book |last=Foxvog |first=D. |year=1993 |section=Astral Dumuzi |editor-first=William W. |editor-last=Hallo |editor2-first=Mark E. |editor2-last=Cohen |editor3-first=Daniel C. |editor3-last=Snell |editor4-first=David B. |editor4-last=Weisberg |title=The Tablet and the scroll: Near Eastern studies in honor of William W. Hallo |publisher=CDL Press |isbn=978-0-9620013-9-0 |edition=2nd |page=106}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Gabriella |last=Frantz-Szabó |year=1983 |title=Kulitta, Ninatta und |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#6725 |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{wikicite |id=Gilgamesh |reference={{cite book |editor=George, Andrew |year=1999 |title=The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian epic poem and other texts in Akkadian and Sumerian |publisher=Penguin |isbn=0-14-044919-1}} }} * {{cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |year=2006 |title=Review: ''The Sumerian Sacred Marriage in the Light of Comparative Evidence'' by Pirjo Lapinkivi |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=315–317 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X06210140 |jstor=20182041 |s2cid=59020637 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20182041 }} * {{cite journal |last=George |first=Andrew R. |year=2015 |title=The Gods Išum and Ḫendursanga: Night Watchmen and Street-lighting in Babylonia |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=74 |issue=1 |issn=0022-2968 |doi=10.1086/679387 |pages=1–8 |s2cid=161546618 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277594149 }} * {{cite journal |last=Grabbe |first=Lester L. |date=1997 |title=Can a ''"History of Israel"'' be written? |journal=The Library of Hebrew Bible / Old Testament Studies |volume=245 |location=Sheffield, England |publisher=Sheffield Academic Press |isbn=978-0-567-04320-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2hIY_E_ngYC&pg=PA28 }} * {{cite journal |last=Graz |first=F. |editor-last=Eck |editor-first=W. |title=Women, War, and Warlike Divinities |journal=Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik |location=Bonn, Germany |publisher=Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH |volume=55 |issue=55 |pages=245–254 |date=1984 |jstor=20184039}} * {{cite book |last=Green |first=Alberto R.W. |date=2003 |title=The Storm-God in the Ancient Near East |publisher=Eisenbrauns |location=Winona Lake, IN |isbn=978-1-57506-069-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGjcLBYTUUgC }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Guirand |first=Felix |date=1968 |title=Assyro-Babylonian mythology |encyclopedia=New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology |translator-last1=Aldington |translator-last2=Ames |location=London, UK |publisher=[[Hamlyn (publishers)|Hamlyn]] |pages= 49–72}} * {{cite book |last=Healey |first=John |year=2001 |title=The religion of the Nabataeans: a conspectus |publisher=Brill |publication-place=Leiden Boston |isbn=90-04-10754-1 |oclc=43185847}} * {{cite book |last=Hallo |first=William W. |date=2010 |title=The World's Oldest Literature: Studies in Sumerian Belles-Lettres |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjNqb1G88b0C&pg=PA233 |location=Leiden, The Netherlands |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-17381-1 }} * {{cite web |last=Halloran |first=John A. |date=2009 |title=Sumerian Lexicon Version 3.0 |url=http://www.sumerian.org/sumerlex.htm }} * {{cite journal |last=Harris |first=Rivkah |date=February 1991 |title=Inanna-Ishtar as Paradox and a Coincidence of Opposites |journal=History of Religions |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=261–278 |jstor=1062957 |doi=10.1086/463228 |s2cid=162322517}} * {{cite report |last=Heffron |first=Yağmur |date=2016a |title=Inana / Ištar (goddess) |website=Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |department=Penn Museum |series=Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus |url=http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/inanaitar/ }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Wolfgang |last=Heimpel |year=1998 |title=Ninsiana |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8941 |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite book |first=Wouter F.M. |last=Henkelman |year=2008 |title=The Other Gods Who Are: Studies in Elamite-Iranian acculturation based on the Persepolis fortification texts |publisher=Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten |publication-place=Leiden |isbn=978-90-6258-414-7}} * {{cite book |last=Hislop |first=Alexander |date=1903 |orig-year=1853 |title=The Two Babylons: The papal worship proved to be the worship of Nimrod and his wife |edition=3rd |publisher=S.W. Partridge}} * {{cite book |last=Hoffner |first=Harry |year=1998 |title=Hittite myths |publisher=Scholars Press |publication-place=Atlanta, GA |isbn=978-0-7885-0488-4 |oclc=39455874}} * {{cite book |last=Jacobsen |first=Thorkild |year=1976 |title=The Treasures of Darkness: A history of Mesopotamian religion |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-02291-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bZT57A8ioCkC }} * {{cite journal |last1=Iossif |first1=Panagiotis |last2=Lorber |first2=Catharine |date=2007 |title=Laodikai and the goddess Nikephoros |journal=L'Antiquité Classique |volume=76 |pages=63–88 |doi=10.3406/antiq.2007.2618 |jstor=41665635 |issn=0770-2817|hdl=2066/205290 |hdl-access=free }} * {{cite journal |first=Fumi |last=Karahashi |date=April 2004 |title=Fighting the mountain: Some observations on the Sumerian myths of Inanna and Ninurta |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=111–118 |doi=10.1086/422302 |jstor=422302 |s2cid=161211611 }} * {{cite journal |last=Katz |first=Dina |year=1996 |title=How Dumuzi became Inanna's victim: On the formation of ''Inanna's Descent'' |journal=Acta Sumerologica |volume=18 |publisher=Dept. of Linguistics, University of Hiroshima |pages=93–103 |url=https://www.academia.edu/318403 }} * {{cite book |last=Katz |first=Dina |date=2015 |section=Myth and ritual through tradition and innovation |title=Tradition and Innovation in the Ancient Near East |publisher=Penn State University Press |doi=10.1515/9781575063584-007 |pages=59–74 |isbn=9781575063584 |section-url=https://www.academia.edu/10479122 |via=academia.edu }} * {{cite journal |last=Kilmer |first=Anne Draffkorn |year=1971 |title=How was Queen Ereshkigal tricked? A new interpretation of ''the Descent of Ishtar'' |journal=Ugarit-Forschungen |volume=3 |pages=299–309 }} * {{cite book |last=Kleiner |first=Fred |date=2005 |title=Gardner's Art Through the Ages |publisher=Thompson Learning, Inc. |location=Belmont, California |isbn=978-0-15-505090-7 |page=49}} * {{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Samuel Noah |date=1961 |title=Sumerian Mythology: A study of spiritual and literary achievement in the third millennium B.C. |edition=revised |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |isbn=978-0-8122-1047-7 |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/ }} * {{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Samuel Noah |date=1963 |title=The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-0-226-45238-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/sumerianstheirhi00samu |url-access=registration }} * {{cite journal |last=Kramer |first=Samuel Noah |title=Dumuzi's annual resurrection: An important correction to ''Inanna's Descent'' |journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |volume=183 |issue=183 |pages=31 |date=October 1966 |doi=10.2307/1356459 |jstor=1356459 |s2cid=163544444}} * {{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Samuel Noah |date=28 April 1970 |title=The Sacred Marriage Rite |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=978-0-253-35035-0}} * {{cite book |last=Kramer |first=Samuel Noah |date=1988 |title=History Begins at Sumer: Thirty-nine firsts in recorded history |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-1276-1 |edition=3rd |url=https://archive.org/details/humansideofjapan00tana }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Wilfred G. |last=Lambert |year=1987 |title=Lulal / Lātarāk |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#7303 |access-date=2021-08-06 }} * {{cite book |last=Leick |first=Gwendolyn |author-link=Gwendolyn Leick |date=1998 |orig-year=1991 |title=A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology |location=New York City, New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-19811-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c52EAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 }} * {{cite book |last=Leick |first=Gwendolyn |year=2013 |orig-year=1994 |title=Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-92074-7 |location=New York City, New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKoWblE4pd0C&pg=PA64 }} * {{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Sian |last2=Llewellyn-Jones |first2=Lloyd |date=2018 |title=The Culture of Animals in Antiquity: A sourcebook with commentaries |location=New York City, New York and London, England |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-20160-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GvJFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT335 }} * {{cite book |last=Litke |first=Richard L. |title=A reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian god lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-umm and AN:Anu šá Ameli |publisher=Yale Babylonian Collection |publication-place=New Haven |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-9667495-0-2 |oclc=470337605 |url=https://babylonian-collection.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Litke%2C%20Richard%20L_%20-%20A%20Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Assyro-Babylonian%20God-Lists_%20TBCE%203%2C%201998.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Lung |first=Tang |date=2014 |title=Marriage of Inanna and Dumuzi |encyclopedia=[[World History Encyclopedia]] |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2636/ }} * {{cite book |last=Liungman |first=Carl G. |date=2004 |title=Symbols: Encyclopedia of Western Signs and Ideograms |publisher=HME Publishing |location=Lidingö, Sweden |isbn=978-91-972705-0-2}} * {{cite journal |last=Maeda |first=Tohru |year=1981 |title="King of Kish" in pre-Sarogonic Sumer |journal=Orient |publisher=The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan |volume=17 |pages=1–17 |issn=1884-1392 |doi=10.5356/orient1960.17.1 |doi-access=free |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient1960/17/0/17_0_1/_article/-char/en }} * {{cite journal |last1=Marcovich |first1=Miroslav |date=1996 |title=From Ishtar to Aphrodite |journal=Journal of Aesthetic Education |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=43–59 |doi=10.2307/3333191 |jstor=3333191}} * {{cite web |first=Michael R. |last=Meyer |date=n.d. |title=Venus Morning Star{{dash}}Venus Evening Star |website=Astro.com |url=https://www.astro.com/astrology/in_mrmvenus_e.htm |access-date=2021-08-12 }} * {{cite journal |first=Leyla |last=Murat |year=2009 |title=Goddess Išhara |journal=Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi |volume=45 |url=https://www.academia.edu/31405555 }} * {{cite book |last=Nemet-Nejat |first=Karen Rhea |date=1998 |title=Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia |publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-29497-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00neme }} * {{cite book |last=Penglase |first=Charles |date=1994 |title=Greek Myths and Mesopotamia: Parallels and influence in the Homeric hymns and Hesiod |location=New York City, New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-15706-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4mFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 }} * {{cite journal |last=Peterson |first=Jeremiah |year=2010 |title=A fragmentary Erotic Sumerian Context Featuring Inana |journal=Aula orientalis: Revista de estudios del Próximo Oriente Antiguo |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=253–258 |issn=0212-5730 |url=https://www.academia.edu/4415246 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Piveteau |first=Jean |date=1981 |orig-year=1964 |title=Man before history |encyclopedia=The Larousse Encyclopedia of Ancient and Medieval History |editor1-last=Dunan |editor1-first=Marcel |editor2-last=Bowle |editor2-first=John |location=New York, NY |publisher=Excaliber Books |isbn=978-0-89673-083-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/larousseencyclop0000unse |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel T. |year=2010 |section=Appendix 2: Catalogue of Elamite sources |title=From the Foundations to the Crenellations: Essays on temple building in the Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible |publisher=Ugarit-Verlag |publication-place=Münster |isbn=978-3-86835-031-9 |oclc=618338811 |section-url=https://www.academia.edu/1898197 }} * {{cite book |last=Pryke |first=Louise M. |date=2017 |title=Ishtar |publisher=Routledge |location=New York and London |isbn=978-1-138-86073-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fggqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 }} * {{cite book |last=Puhvel |first=Jaan |date=1987 |title=Comparative Mythology |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, Maryland |isbn=978-0-8018-3938-2}} *{{cite book |last=Retsö |first=Jan |year=2014 |title=The Arabs in Antiquity: Their history from the Assyrians to the Umayyads |publisher=Routledge Taylor & Francis Group |publication-place=London New York |isbn=978-0-415-76003-4 |oclc=960211049}} * {{cite book |last1=Roscoe |first1=Will |last2=Murray |first2=Stephen O. |date=1997 |title=Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature |location=New York, NY |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-0-8147-7467-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 }} * {{cite book |last=Rountree |first=Kathryn |date=2017 |editor1-first=Kathryn |editor1-last=Rountree |title=Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Modern Paganism |series=Palgrave Studies in New and Alternative Spiritualities |isbn=978-1-137-57040-6 |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-56200-5 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lS-yDQAAQBAJ&q=Inanna+in+modern+paganism&pg=PA167 }} * {{cite journal |last=Rubio |first=Gonzalo |year=1999 |title=On the alleged "Pre-Sumerian substratum" |journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies |volume=51 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/1359726 |jstor=1359726 |s2cid=163985956 }} * {{cite report |title=Inana's descent to the nether world: translation |year=2001 |publisher=Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford |website=The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature |url=http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section1/tr141.htm }} * {{cite journal |last=Schwemer |first=Daniel |year=2007 |title=The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part I |journal=Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions |publisher=Brill |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=121–168 |issn=1569-2116 |doi=10.1163/156921207783876404 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7075/1/JANER7%3A2offprint.pdf }} * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Mark S. |year=2002 |author-link=Mark S. Smith |title=The Early History of God: Yahweh and the other deities in ancient Israel |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-8028-3972-5 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yM3AuBh4AsC&pg=PA28 }} * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Mark S. |year=2014 |section=Athtart in late Bronze Age Syrian texts |title=Transformation of a Goddess: Ishtar – Astarte – Aphrodite |publisher=Academic Press Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |publication-place=Fribourg Göttingen |isbn=978-3-7278-1748-9 |oclc=881612038 |section-url=https://www.academia.edu/12709064 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Martin |last=Stol |year=1998 |title=Nanaja |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8251 |access-date=2021-08-01 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Streck |first1=Michael P. |last2=Wasserman |first2=Nathan |year=2013 |title=More light on Nanāya |journal=Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=183–201 |issn=1613-1150 |doi=10.1515/za-2012-0010 |s2cid=163386405 |url=https://altorient.gko.uni-leipzig.de/StreckPub/Streck_Wasserman_2012_Nanaya.pdf }} * {{cite book |last=Suter |first=Claudia E. |year=2014 |section=Human, divine, or both?: The Uruk Vase and the problem of ambiguity in early Mesopotamian visual arts |title=Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art |editor1-last=Feldman |editor1-first=Marian |editor2-last=Brown |editor2-first=Brian |location=Berlin, Germany |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |pages=545–568 |isbn=978-1-61451-035-2 |section-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4DoBQAAQBAJ&q=Human%2C+Divine%2C+or+Both%3F%3A+The+Uruk+Vase+and+the+Problem+of+Ambiguity+in+Early+Mesopotamian+Visual+Arts&pg=PA545 }} * {{cite book |last=Sweet |first=R. |year=1994 |section=A New Look at the 'Sacred Marriage' in Ancient Mesopotamia |editor1-last=Robbins |editor1-first=E. |editor2-last=Sandahl |editor2-first=E. |title=Corolla Torontonensis: Studies in Honour of Ronald Morton Smith |location=Toronto |publisher=TSAR Publications |pages=85–104 |isbn= |oclc=29597938}} * {{cite book |first=Piotr |last=Taracha |year=2009 |title=Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia |publisher=Harrassowitz |isbn=978-3447058858}} * {{cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Paul |year=2007 |title=Re-imagining Inanna: The gendered re-appropriation of the ancient goddess in modern Goddess worship |journal=The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies |volume=6 |pages=53–69 |doi=10.1558/pome.v6i1.53 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250013190 }} * {{cite web |last=Thompson |first=Gary D. |year=2020 |title=The development, heyday, and demise of panbabylonism |website=Westnet |url=http://members.westnet.com.au/gary-david-thompson/page9e.html |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite journal |last=Tinney |first=Steve |date=April 2018 |title=''Dumuzi's Dream'' revisited |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=77 |issue=1 |pages=85–89 |doi=10.1086/696146 |s2cid=165931671 |issn=0022-2968 <!-- extreneous in a journal citation --- |location=Chicago, Illinois |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |editor1-last=Woods |editor1-first=Christopher |editor2-last=Richardson |editor2-first=Seth |editor3-last=Osborne |editor3-first=James |editor4-last=el Shamsy |editor4-first=Ahmed --> }} * {{cite book |last=Tuite |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Tuite |date=20 February 2004 |orig-year=2000 |section=The meaning of ''dæl'': Symbolic and spatial associations of the south Caucasian goddess of game animals |title=Linguaculture: Studies in the interpenetration of language and culture. Essays to Honor Paul Friedrich |location=Montreal, Quebec |publisher=University of Montreal |section-url=http://www.mapageweb.umontreal.ca/tuitekj/publications/Tuite-2000-Dali.pdf }} * {{cite book |last=van der Mierop |first=Marc |year=2007 |title=A History of the Ancient Near East: 3,000–323 {{sc|BCE}} |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-4911-2 }} * {{cite journal |last=Vanstiphout |first=H.L. |year=1984 |title=Inanna / Ishtar as a figure of controversy |journal=Struggles of Gods: Papers of the Groningen Work Group for the Study of the History of Religions |volume=31 |publisher=Mouton Publishers |location=Berlin, DE |isbn=978-90-279-3460-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQnv_Wh3gCwC&pg=PA225 }} * {{cite book |last=Vanstiphout |first=Herman |year=2003 |title=Epics of Sumerian Kings |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |location=Atlanta, Georgia |pages=49–96 |url=https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/materialworlds/files/1308642.pdf |isbn=978-1-58983-083-7 }} * {{cite book |last=Warner |first=Marina |date=2016 |orig-year=1976 |title=Alone of All Her Sex: The myth and cult of the Virgin Mary |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-963994-6 |page=210 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DATDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA210 }} * {{cite book |last1=West |first1=M.L. |author-link=Martin Litchfield West |year=1997 |title=The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic elements in Greek poetry and myth |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0-19-815221-7 |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fIp0RYIjazQC&q=Adonis }} * {{cite book |last=Westenholz |first=Joan Goodnick |author-link=Joan Goodnick Westenholz |date=1997 |title=Legends of the Kings of Akkade: The texts |pages=33, 49 |publisher=Eisenbrauns |isbn=978-0-931464-85-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=izhhWQEJkrQC&pg=PA33 }} * {{cite book |last1=Weston |first1=Donna |last2=Bennett |first2=Andy |date=2013 |title=Pop Pagans: Paganism and popular music |publisher=Routledge |location=New York and London |isbn=978-1-84465-647-9 |page=165 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gcXoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA165 }} * {{cite journal |last=Wiggermann |first=Frans A.M. |year=1988 |title=An unrecognized synonym of Sumerian ''sukkal'', "vizier" |journal=Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH |volume=78 |issue=2 |issn=0084-5299 |doi=10.1515/zava.1988.78.2.225 |s2cid=161099846 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2378463 }} * {{cite book |first=Frans A.M. |last=Wiggermann |year=1997 |section=Transtigridian snake gods |title=Sumerian Gods and their Representations |publisher=STYX Publications |editor1-first=I.L. |editor1-last=Finkel |editor2-first=M.J. |editor2-last=Geller |isbn=978-90-56-93005-9 |section-url=https://www.academia.edu/540407 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Frans A.M. |last=Wiggermann |year=1998 |title=Nackte Göttin A. Philologisch · Naked goddess A. Philological |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8151 |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Frans A.M. |last=Wiggermann |year=1999 |title=Nergal A. Philologisch · Nergal A. Philological |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8961 |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Frans A.M. |last=Wiggermann |year=1999a |title=Nin-ĝišzida |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8687 |access-date=2021-08-06 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Frans A.M. |last=Wiggermann |year=2001 |title=Nin-šubur |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8961 |access-date=2021-08-06 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Frans A.M. |last=Wiggermann |year=2010 |title=Sexualität A. In Mesopotamien · Sexuality A. In Mesopotamia |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#10715 |access-date=2021-08-06 }} * {{cite book |last=Wiggins |first=Steve |year=2007 |title=A reassessment of Asherah: With further considerations of the goddess |publisher=Gorgias Press |publication-place=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-1-59333-717-9 |oclc=171049273 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1307031 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Claus |last=Wilcke |year=1980 |title=Inanna / Ištar A. Mesopotamien. Philologisch · Inanna / Ištar A. Mesopotamia. Philological |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#5767 |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite book |last=Wilhelm |first=Gernot |year=1989 |title=The Hurrians |publisher=Aris & Phillips |publication-place=Warminster, UK |isbn=978-0-85668-442-5 |oclc=21036268}} * {{cite encyclopedia |first=Gernot |last=Wilhelm |year=2014 |title=Unterwelt, Unterweltsgottheiten C. In Anatolien |encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |lang=de |url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#12107 |access-date=2021-08-10 }} * {{cite book |last1=Wolkstein |first1=Diane |last2=Kramer |first2=Samuel Noah |year=1983 |title=Inanna, Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her stories and hymns from Sumer |publisher=Harper&Row Publishers |location=New York City, New York |isbn=978-0-06-090854-6}} * {{cite book |last=Ziolkowski |first=Theodore |date=2012 |title=Gilgamesh among Us: Modern encounters with the ancient epic |location=Ithaca, NY |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-5035-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=snz_Wle6zvgC&q=Gilgamesh+epic+controversy&pg=PA28 }} * {{cite book |last=Zsolnay |first=Ilona |date=2009 |section=Do divine structures of gender mirror mortal structures of gender? |title=In the Wake of Tikva Frymer-Kensky |publisher=Gorgias Press |doi=10.31826/9781463219185-010}} * {{cite conference |last=Zsolnay |first=Ilona |year=2010 |title=Ištar, ''"goddess of war, pacifier of kings"'': An analysis of Ištar's martial role in the maledictory sections of the Assyrian royal inscriptions |book-title=City Administration in the Ancient Near East |volume=2 |conference=53e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale |publisher=Eisenbrauns |publication-place=Winona Lake, IN |isbn=978-1-57506-168-9 |oclc=759160119 |url=https://www.academia.edu/4009945 }} {{refend}}
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