Editing In vitro fertilisation (section)

===Mix-ups===
In some cases, laboratory mix-ups (misidentified gametes, transfer of wrong embryos) have occurred, leading to legal action against the IVF provider and complex paternity suits. An example is the case of a woman in California who received the embryo of another couple and was notified of this mistake after the birth of her son.<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Ayers C | title=Mother wins $1m for IVF mix-up but may lose son| journal = The Times | year=2004 | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article465773.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208101932/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article465773.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=8 February 2007 }}</ref> This has led to many authorities and individual clinics implementing procedures to minimise the risk of such mix-ups. The [[HFEA]], for example, requires clinics to use a double witnessing system, the identity of specimens is checked by two people at each point at which specimens are transferred. Alternatively, technological solutions are gaining favour, to reduce the manpower cost of manual double witnessing, and to further reduce risks with uniquely numbered [[RFID]] tags which can be identified by readers connected to a computer. The computer tracks specimens throughout the process and alerts the embryologist if non-matching specimens are identified. Although the use of RFID tracking has expanded in the US,<ref>{{cite web|title=Reproductive Clinic Uses RFID to Guarantee Parental Identity|url=http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?3683|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616002649/http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?3683|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2013| vauthors = Swedberg C |date=15 October 2007|work=RFID Journal}}</ref> it is still not widely adopted.<ref>{{cite book|title=Vertauschte Keimzellen und Embryonen – Analyse reproduktionsmedizinischer Zwischenfälle: Normkontext, Rechtsfolgen, Regelungsbedarf|url=http://www.mohrsiebeck.com/en/book/vertauschte-keimzellen-und-embryonen-9783161591822?no_cache=1| vauthors = Jäschke ML | chapter=Vertauschte Keimzellen und Embryonen |work=Mohr Siebeck 2020|series = Studien zum Medizin- und Gesundheitsrecht|year = 2020|volume = 2| pages=1–376 |publisher = Mohr Siebeck|isbn = 9783161591822}}</ref>