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=== Language === The Hui of Yunnan, whom the Burmese called Panthays, were reportedly fluent in Arabic.{{sfn|Fytche|1878|p=301}} During the [[Panthay Rebellion]], Arabic replaced Chinese as the official language of the rebel kingdom.<ref> {{cite journal |last=Evans |first=Brian L. |date=March 1985 |title=The Panthay Mission of 1872 and its Legacies |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=117β128 |doi=10.1017/s0022463400012790 |jstor=20070843 |s2cid=162316292 }}</ref> Published in 1844, ''The Chinese repository, Volume 13'' includes an account of an Englishman who stayed in the Chinese city of [[Ningbo]], where he visited the local mosque. The Hui running the mosque was from Shandong and descended from residents of the Arabian city of [[Medina]]. He was able to read and speak Arabic with ease, but was illiterate in Chinese, although he was born in China and spoke Chinese.<ref> {{cite book |url= {{google books |plainurl=y |id=6wEMAAAAYAAJ |p=31}} |title=The Chinese repository, Volume 13 |year=1844 |page=31 |access-date=8 May 2011 }} </ref>
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