Editing History of the Americas (section)

===South America===
{{Main|History of South America}}
In the 1960s and 1970s, the governments of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay were overthrown or displaced by U.S.-aligned military dictatorships. These dictatorships detained tens of thousands of [[political prisoner]]s, many of whom were tortured and/or killed (on inter-state collaboration, see [[Operation Condor]]). Economically, they began a transition to [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] economic policies. They placed their own actions within the United States [[Cold War]] doctrine of "National Security" against internal subversion. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Peru suffered from an [[Internal conflict in Peru|internal conflict]] (see [[Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement]] and [[Shining Path]]). Revolutionary movements and right-wing military dictatorships have been common, but starting in the 1980s a wave of democratization came through the continent, and democratic rule is widespread now. Allegations of corruption remain common, and several nations have seen crises which have forced the resignation of their presidents, although normal civilian succession has continued.

[[Debt of developing countries|International indebtedness]] became a notable problem, as most recently illustrated by [[Argentina]]'s [[1998–2002 Argentine great depression|default]] in the early 21st century. In recent years, South American governments have drifted to the left, with [[Socialism|socialist]] leaders being elected in Chile, [[Bolivia]], Brazil, [[Venezuela]], and a leftist president in Argentina and [[Uruguay]]. Despite the move to the left, South America is still largely capitalist. With the founding of the [[Union of South American Nations]], South America has started down the road of economic integration, with plans for political integration in the [[European Union]] style.
{{Off topic|date=December 2023}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="font-size:100%"
|- style="background:#ececec;"
! [[Country]] or<br />[[Territory]] with [[flag]]
! [[List of countries by area|Area]]<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="factbook2008">Land areas and population estimates are taken from ''The 2008 World Factbook'' which currently uses July 2007 data, unless otherwise noted.</ref> (sq&nbsp;mi)
! [[List of countries by population|Population]]<br />(2021 est.){{UN Population|ref}}
! [[List of countries by population density|Population density]]<br />per km<sup>2</sup> (per sq&nbsp;mi)
! [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Argentina|{{flag|Argentina}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|2766890|{{convert|2766890|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 45,276,780
| align="right" | {{sort|16.4|16.4/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 16.4 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Buenos Aires]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Bolivia|{{flag|Bolivia}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|1098580|{{convert|1098580|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 12,079,472
| align="right" | {{sort|11.0|11.0/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 11.0 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Sucre]]; [[La Paz]]<ref>[[La Paz]] is the administrative capital of [[Bolivia]];<br /></ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Brazil|{{flag|Brazil}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|8514877|{{convert|8514877|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 214,326,223
| align="right" | {{sort|25.2|25.2/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 25.2 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Brasília]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Chile|{{flag|Chile}}}}<ref>Includes [[Easter Island]] in the Pacific Ocean, a [[Chile]]an territory frequently reckoned in [[Oceania]]. [[Santiago]] is the administrative capital of Chile; [[Valparaíso]] is the site of legislative meetings.<br /></ref>
| align="right" | {{sort|756950|&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|756950|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 19,493,184
| align="right" | {{sort|25.8|25.8/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 25.8 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Santiago]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Colombia|{{flag|Colombia}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|1138910|{{convert|1138910|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 51,516,562
| align="right" | {{sort|45.2|45.2/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 45.2 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Bogotá]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Ecuador|{{flag|Ecuador}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|0283560|&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|283560|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 17,797,737
| align="right" | {{sort|62.8|62.8/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 62.8 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Quito]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Falkland Islands|{{flag|Falkland Islands}}}} (United Kingdom)<ref>Claimed by [[Argentina]].<br /></ref>
| align="right" | {{sort|0012173|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|12173|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 3,398<ref>{{Cite web |year=2017 |title=2016 Census Report |url=http://www.fig.gov.fk/policy/index.php/component/jdownloads/finish/5-statistics/4788-falkland-islands-census-2016-report/0?Itemid=0#page=14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124232820/http://www.fig.gov.fk/policy/index.php/component/jdownloads/finish/5-statistics/4788-falkland-islands-census-2016-report/0?Itemid=0 |archive-date=24 January 2018 |publisher=Policy and Economic Development Unit, Falkland Islands Government}}</ref>
| align="right" | {{sort|0.28|0.28/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 0.28 * 2.589988110336 round 2}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Stanley, Falkland Islands|Stanley]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|French Guiana|{{Flagicon image|Flag of French Guiana.svg}}}} [[French Guiana]] (France)
| align="right" | {{sort|0091000|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|91000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 294,071<ref name="pop">{{cite web |author=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (France)|INSEE]] |title=Estimation de population par région, sexe et grande classe d'âge – Années 1975 à 2021 |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/1893198/estim-pop-nreg-sexe-gca-1975-2021.xls |access-date=2021-01-21 |language=fr}}</ref>
| align="right" | {{sort|3.23|3.23/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 3.23 * 2.589988110336 round 2}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Cayenne]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Guyana|{{flag|Guyana}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|0214999|&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|214999|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 804,567
| align="right" | {{sort|3.74|3.74/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 3.74 * 2.589988110336 round 2}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Paraguay|{{flag|Paraguay}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|0406750|&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|406750|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 6,831,306
| align="right" | {{sort|16.8|16.8/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 16.8 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Asunción]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Peru|{{flag|Peru}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|1285220|{{convert|1285220|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 33,715,471
| align="right" | {{sort|26.2|26.2/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 26.2 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Lima]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands|{{flagicon|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands|South Georgia and<br />South Sandwich Islands]] (United Kingdom)}}<ref>Claimed by Argentina; the [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]] in the [[Atlantic Ocean|South Atlantic Ocean]] are commonly associated with [[Antarctica]] (due to proximity) and have no permanent population, only hosting a periodic contingent of about 100 researchers and visitors.<br /></ref>
| aright" | {{sort|0003093|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|3093|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 20
| align="right" | {{sort|0.01|0.01/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 0.01 * 2.589988110336 round 2}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[King Edward Point]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Suriname|{{flag|Suriname}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|0163270|&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|163270|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 612,985
| align="right" | {{sort|3.75|3.75/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 3.75 * 2.589988110336 round 2}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Paramaribo]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Uruguay|{{flag|Uruguay}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|0176220|&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|176220|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 3,477,780
| align="right" | {{sort|19.7|19.7/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 19.7 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Montevideo]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{sort|Venezuela|{{flag|Venezuela}}}}
| align="right" | {{sort|0916445|&nbsp;&nbsp;{{convert|916445|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}}}
| align="right" | 28,199,867
| align="right" | {{sort|30.8|30.8/km² ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 30.8 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Caracas]]
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total
| align="right" | {{convert|17,828,937|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| align="right" | {{nts|434,429,423}}
| align="right" | 24.4/km<sup>2</sup> ({{formatnum:{{#expr: 24.4 * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi)
|
|}