Editing History of Asia (section)

===Southeast Asia===
{{main|Medieval Southeast Asia}}

==== Khmers ====
[[File:Angkor Wat reflejado en un estanque 02.jpg|thumb|right|The Hindu-Buddhist temple of [[Angkor Wat]].]]
In 802, [[Jayavarman II]] consolidated his rule over neighboring peoples and declared himself [[chakravartin]], or "universal ruler". The Khmer Empire effectively dominated all [[Mainland Southeast Asia]] from the early 9th until the 15th century, during which time they developed a sophisticated monumental architecture of most exquisite expression and mastery of composition at [[Angkor]].

====Vietnam====
{{main|History of Vietnam}}
The history of Vietnam can be traced back to around 20,000 years ago, as the first modern humans arrived and settled on this land, known as the [[Hoabinhian]]s, which can be traced back to the modern-day Negritos. Archaeological findings from 1965, which are still under research, show the remains of two hominins closely related to the Sinanthropus, dating as far back as the [[Middle Pleistocene Transition|Middle Pleistocene]] era, roughly half a million years ago.
[[File:Nam Tien.PNG|190px|right|thumb|Map of [[Vietnam]] showing the conquest of the south (the ''[[Nam tiến]], 1069–1757'').]]
Pre-historic Vietnam was home to some of the world's earliest civilizations and societies—making them one of the world's first people who had practiced agriculture. The Red River valley formed a natural geographic and economic unit, bounded to the north and west by mountains and jungles, to the east by the sea and to the south by the [[Red River Delta]]. The need to have a single authority to prevent floods of the Red River, to cooperate in constructing hydraulic systems, trade exchange, and to repel invaders, led to the creation of the first legendary Vietnamese states approximately 2879 BC. While in the later times, ongoing research from archaeologists have suggested that the Vietnamese [[Dong Son culture|Đông Sơn culture]] were traceable back to Northern Vietnam, Guangxi and Laos around 700 BC.

Vietnam's long coastal and narrowed lands, rugged mountainous terrains, with two major deltas, were soon home to several different ancient cultures and civilizations. In the north, the Đông Sơn culture and its indigenous chiefdoms of [[Hồng Bàng dynasty|Văn Lang]] and [[Âu Lạc]] started to flourish by 500 BC. In Central, [[Sa Huỳnh culture]] of [[Chams|Austronesian Chamic peoples]] also thrived. Both were swept by the Chinese [[Han dynasty]] expansion from the north - the Han conquest of [[Nanyue]] brought parts of Vietnam under the Chinese rule in 111 BC. Traditional Chinese became the official script as well as the later developed independent [[Chữ Nôm|Nôm script]] of Vietnamese.

In 40 BC, the [[Trưng sisters|Trưng Sisters]] led the first uprising of indigenous tribes and peoples against [[Vietnam under Chinese rule|Chinese domination]]. The rebellion was however defeated, but as the Han dynasty began to weaken by late 2nd century and China (中国) started to descend into state of turmoil, the indigenous peoples of Vietnam rose again and some became free. In 192 AD, the Chams of Central Vietnam revolted against the Chinese and subsequently became independent [[Champa|Kingdom of Champa]], while the Red River Delta saw loosening Northern control. At that time, with the introduction of [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]] by the second century AD, Vietnam was the first place in Southeast Asia which shared influences of both [[Indosphere|Indian]] and [[East Asian cultural sphere|Sino cultures]], and the rise of first Indianized kingdoms Champa and [[Funan]].

[[File:Southeast Asian history - 13th century.png|thumb|[[Đại Việt]], [[Champa]], [[Khmer Empire|Angkor Empire]] and their neighbours, late 13th century]]
During these 1,000 years there were many uprisings against Chinese domination, and at certain periods Vietnam was independently governed under the Trưng Sisters, [[Early Lý dynasty|Early Lý]], [[Khúc clan|Khúc]] and [[Dương Đình Nghệ]]—although their triumphs and reigns were temporary.

When [[Ngô Quyền]] ([[List of monarchs of Vietnam|Emperor of Vietnam]], 938–944) restored sovereign power in the country with the victory at [[Battle of Bạch Đằng (938)|The battle of Bạch Đằng River]] (938), the next millennium was advanced by the accomplishments of successive local dynasties: [[Ngô dynasty|Ngô]], [[Đinh dynasty|Đinh]], [[Early Lê dynasty|Early Lê]], [[Lý dynasty|Lý]], [[Trần dynasty|Trần]], [[Hồ dynasty|Hồ]], [[Later Trần dynasty|Later Trần]], [[Lê dynasty|Later Lê]], [[Mạc dynasty|Mạc]], [[Revival Lê dynasty|Revival Lê]], [[Tây Sơn dynasty|Tây Sơn]] and [[Nguyễn dynasty|Nguyễn]]. Nôm script (Chữ Nôm) of the Vietnamese started to develop and become more sophisticated, with literature being published and written in Nôm. At various points during the imperial dynasties, Vietnam was ravaged and divided by civil wars and witnessed interventions by the [[Song dynasty|Song]], [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]], [[Champa|Cham]], [[Ming dynasty|Ming]], [[Thailand|Siamese]], [[Qing dynasty|Qing]], [[French colonial empire|French]], and [[Empire of Japan]].

The [[Ming dynasty|Ming Empire]] conquered the Red River valley for a while before [[Vietnamese people|native Vietnamese]] regained control and the French Empire reduced Vietnam to a French dependency for nearly a century, followed by brief but brutal occupation by the Japanese Empire. During the French period, widespread brutality, inequality and cultural remnants of [[History of writing in Vietnam|Hán-Nôm]] were being destroyed, with the French wishing to rid the Vietnamese of their [[Confucianism|Confucian legacy]] from the 1880s. French was the official language during this period. The [[Vietnamese alphabet|Vietnamese Latin script]], seen to be a Latin transliteration of Hán-Nôm, superseded the Hán-Nôm logographic scripts and became the main mode of written as well as spoken language since the 20th century.

Japan invaded in 1940, creating deep resentment that fuelled resistance to post-World War II military-political efforts by the returning power of France, and the United States who had viewed themselves as fighters for liberty and democracy against the red waves of [[communism]]. In the [[Vietnam War]], the United States or the [[Western Bloc]] supported [[South Vietnam]] and the [[Soviet Union]] or the [[Eastern Bloc]] supported [[North Vietnam]]. Political upheaval, a period of intense fighting and war, followed by Communist insurrection and victory further put an end to the monarchy after World War II, and the country was proclaimed a Socialist Republic. Vietnam suffered heavy sanctions as well as political and economic isolation following brutal wars with China and Cambodia in the successive years. Following that era, the [[Đổi Mới]] (renovation/innovation) reformations were enacted. The forces of market liberalisation and globalisation has shaped [[Economy of Vietnam|Vietnam's economic]] and political circumstances since.