Editing Frederick Douglass (section)

==In popular culture==
{{more citations needed|section|date=December 2017}}
[[File:National Archives Comes Alive! Young Learners Program- Meet Frederick Douglass.webm|thumb|right|A 2021 instructional video from the [[National Archives and Records Administration]] for young learners starring Phil Darius Wallace, an actor who regularly portrays Douglass in performances and recitations]]

=== Film and television ===
* [[Robert Guillaume]] portrays Douglass during a speech about the [[Slavery in the United States|American slave trade]] in the 1985 miniseries ''[[North and South (miniseries)|North and South]]'' (Season 1, episode 3).<ref name="NYM 1985">{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7McBAAAAMBAJ&q=Slavs%2C+Slaves%2C+Shoulders&pg=PA58|title=Slavs, Slaves, and Shoulders (Review: ''North and South'')| last=Leonard| first=John| date=November 4, 1985| journal=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]| pages=58–61| access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Glory (1989 film)|Glory]]'' (1989) features Douglass, played by [[Raymond St. Jacques]], as a friend of Francis George Shaw.
* In [[Ken Burns]]' 1990 documentary ''[[The Civil War (miniseries)|The Civil War]]'', Douglass is voiced by actor [[Morgan Freeman]].
* The 2004 [[mockumentary]] film ''[[C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America]]'' features the figure of Douglass in an alternative history.
* In ''[[Akeelah and the Bee]]'' (2006), characters discuss Douglass near a bronze bust of him by sculptor [[Tina Allen]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rourke |first=Mary |date=September 12, 2008 |title=L.A. sculptor whose subject was African Americans |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-sep-12-me-allen12-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015133000/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/sep/12/local/me-allen12 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref>
* The 2008 documentary film ''[[Frederick Douglass and the White Negro]]'' tells the story of Douglass in Ireland and the relationship between [[African Americans|African]] and Irish Americans during the [[American Civil War]].
* Douglass appears in ''[[Freedom (2014 film)|Freedom]]'', where he is portrayed by Byron Utley.<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: 'Freedom' Stars Cuba Gooding Jr. as a Slave Fleeing to Canada|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/05/movies/review-freedom-stars-cuba-gooding-jr-as-a-slave-fleeing-to-canada.html?_r=0|website=[[The New York Times]]|first=Andy|last=Webster|accessdate=February 17, 2024|date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
* In the 2015 documentary film ''The Gettysburg Address'', the role of Frederick Douglass is voiced by actor [[Laurence Fishburne]].
* A [[The Good Lord Bird (miniseries)|miniseries]] based on [[James McBride (writer)|James McBride]]'s 2013 novel, ''[[The Good Lord Bird]]''<u>,</u> was released in 2020, with [[Daveed Diggs]] as Douglass.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sippell |first=Margeaux |date=August 2, 2019 |title=Daveed Diggs to Play Frederick Douglass in Ethan Hawke's Showtime Limited Series 'The Good Lord Bird' |url=https://www.thewrap.com/daveed-diggs-to-play-frederick-douglass-in-ethan-hawkes-showtime-limited-series-the-good-lord-bird/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205062131/https://www.thewrap.com/daveed-diggs-to-play-frederick-douglass-in-ethan-hawkes-showtime-limited-series-the-good-lord-bird/ |archive-date=December 5, 2019 |access-date=December 3, 2019 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> Douglass is portrayed negatively.
* On February 23, 2022, HBO released a one-hour documentary titled ''Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches,'' based on David W. Blight's [[Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hbo.com/movies/frederick-douglass-in-five-speeches |title=Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches &#124; Official Website for the HBO Series |publisher=HBO.com |date= |access-date=August 26, 2022}}</ref>
* Douglass was portrayed by [[Elvis Nolasco]]  in the 2024 [[Apple TV+]] miniseries series ''[[Manhunt (miniseries)|Manhunt]]''.<ref name="Alexandra 2024">{{cite web |last=Alexandra |first=Rae |title='Manhunt' Review: Apple TV+ Series Is Gripping But Not All True |website=KQED |date=March 15, 2024 |url=https://www.kqed.org/arts/13954052/abraham-lincoln-assassination-plot-apple-tv-show-review-mary-simms |access-date=May 3, 2024}}</ref>

=== Literature ===
* The 1946 novel ''A Star Pointed North'' by [[Edmund Fuller]] presents an account of Douglass's life.<ref>Carson, Saul. November 3, 1946. "Negro's Apotheosis." ''[[The New York Times Book Review|New York Times Book Review]]''. pp. 7, 36.</ref>
* [[Terry Bisson]]'s ''[[Fire on the Mountain (1988 novel)|Fire on the Mountain]]'' (1988) is an [[alternate history|alternate-history]] novel in which [[John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry]] succeeded and, instead of the Civil War, the Black slaves emancipated themselves in a massive [[Slave rebellion|slave revolt]]. In this history, Frederick Douglass and [[Harriet Tubman]] are the revered founders of a Black state created in the [[Deep South]].
* Douglass is a major character in the novel ''[[How Few Remain]]'' (1997) by [[Harry Turtledove]], depicted in an [[alternate history]] in which the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] won the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] and Douglass must continue his anti-slavery campaign into the 1880s.
* Douglass appears in ''[[Flashman and the Angel of the Lord]]'' (1994) by [[George MacDonald Fraser]].
* Douglass, his wife, and his alleged mistress, [[Ottilie Assing]], are the main characters in [[Jewell Parker Rhodes]]' ''Douglass' Women'' (New York: [[Atria Books]], 2002).
* Douglass is the protagonist of Richard Bradbury's novel ''Riversmeet'' (Muswell Press, 2007), a fictionalized account of Douglass's 1845 speaking tour of the [[British Isles]].<ref>Olende, Ken. December 1, 2007. "[http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=13625 Frederick Douglass and 'Riversmeet': connecting 19th century struggles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080816102310/http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=13625 |date=August 16, 2008 }}." ''[[Socialist Worker]]''.</ref>
* Douglass's time in Ireland is fictionalized in [[Colum McCann]]'s ''[[TransAtlantic (novel)|TransAtlantic]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wagner |first=Erica |author-link=Erica Wagner |date=June 20, 2013 |title=Cross Over 'TransAtlantic,' by Colum McCann |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/books/review/transatlantic-by-colum-mccann.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627073150/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/books/review/transatlantic-by-colum-mccann.html |archive-date=June 27, 2013}}</ref>
* A comedic representation of Douglass is made in [[James McBride (writer)|James McBride]]'s 2013 novel ''[[The Good Lord Bird]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lyons, Joel |date=August 21, 2013 |title=James McBride on 'The Good Lord Bird' |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/pageviews/2013/08/james-mcbride-on-the-good-lord-bird |url-status=live |access-date=September 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825031345/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/pageviews/2013/08/james-mcbride-on-the-good-lord-bird |archive-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref>
* In 2019, author [[David W. Blight]] was awarded a [[Pulitzer Prize for History]] for ''[[Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Pulitzer Prizes | website=The Pulitzer Prizes |url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/david-w-blight}}</ref>
* Douglass features as a character in [[Sara Sheridan]]'s 2024 novel, ''The Secrets of Blythswood Square'', set in 1846 in Glasgow.

===Painting===
* In 1938–39, African-American artist [[Jacob Lawrence]] created ''The Frederick Douglass'' series of narrative paintings. They were part of the historical series started by Lawrence in 1937, which included painted panels about prominent Black historical figures such as [[Toussaint Louverture]] and [[Harriet Tubman]]. During his preparatory work, Lawrence conducted research at the [[Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture]], drawing primarily from the autobiographies of Frederick Douglass: ''[[Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave]]'' (1845) and ''[[Life and Times of Frederick Douglass]]'' (1881).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herkins Wheat |first=Ellen |title=Jacob Lawrence: The Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman Series of 1938–40 |date=1991 |publisher=University of Washington Press |page=20}}</ref> For this series the artist used a multipanel-plus-caption format that allowed him to develop a serial narrative that was not possible to convey by means of traditional portrait or [[history painting]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dickerman |first1=Leah |author1-link=Leah Dickerman |title=Jacob Lawrence: The Migration Series |last2=Smithgall |first2=Elsa |date=2015 |publisher=The Museum of Modern Art |page=18}}</ref> Instead of reproducing Douglass's original narratives verbatim, Lawrence constructed his own visual and textual narrative in the form of 32 panels painted in [[tempera]] and accompanied with Lawrence's own captions. The structure of the painting series is linear and consists of three parts (the slave, the fugitive, the free man) which offer an epic chronicle of Douglass's transformation from slave to leader in the struggle for the liberation of black people.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dickerman |first1=Leah |author1-link=Leah Dickerman |title=Jacob Lawrence: The Migration Series |last2=Smithgall |first2=Elsa |date=2015 |publisher=The Museum of Modern Art |page=20}}</ref> ''The Frederick Douglass'' series is currently in the [[Hampton University Museum]].

* In 2024, the [[Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture]] in Baltimore put up [https://www.lewismuseum.org/frederickdouglassmural/ a mural by artist Adam Himoff portraying Douglass] "posed in a slim, European-cut suit, high-top white Converse sneakers, and an oversized wristwatch".<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2023/12/21/1219768084/a-frederick-douglass-mural-in-his-hometown-in-maryland-draws-some-divisions "A Frederick Douglass mural in his hometown in Maryland draws some divisions"]</ref> The mural is a "hand-carved linocut print ... acquired by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) as part of their permanent art collection in their NYC headquarters and later transformed into a 21-foot mural displayed in Easton, MD (the birthplace of Frederick Douglass)."<ref>[https://www.lewismuseum.org/frederickdouglassmural/ Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture: Frederick Douglass | Liberty by Adam Himoff]</ref> Specifically, in 2023, the mural was put up on a "wall outside of the Out of the Fire restaurant" in [[Easton, Maryland]].<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2023/12/21/1219768084/a-frederick-douglass-mural-in-his-hometown-in-maryland-draws-some-divisions "A Frederick Douglass mural in his hometown in Maryland draws some divisions"]</ref>

===Other media===
* Frederick Douglass appears as a Great Humanitarian in the 2008 strategy video game ''[[Civilization Revolution]]''.<ref>[http://www.civfanatics.com/civrev/great_people Civilization Revolution: Great People] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317031836/http://www.civfanatics.com/civrev/great_people|date=March 17, 2011}} "CivFanatics" Retrieved September 3, 2009.</ref>
* In 2019, Douglass was the focus of the exhibition ''Lessons of the Hour – Frederick Douglass'' by British artist [[Isaac Julien]], at New York's [[Metro Pictures Gallery]] and [[Memorial Art Gallery]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Sayej |first=Nadja |date=March 15, 2019 |title=Isaac Julien on Frederick Douglass: 'It's an extraordinary story' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/mar/15/isaac-julien-frederick-douglass-lessons-of-the-hour |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315081229/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/mar/15/isaac-julien-frederick-douglass-lessons-of-the-hour |archive-date=March 15, 2019 |access-date=March 15, 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref>
* In August 2022, "American Prophet: Frederick Douglass in His Own Words," a musical starring [[Cornelius Smith Jr.]] as Douglass, was performed at [[Arena Stage]] in Washington, D.C.<ref name="Isherwood 2022">{{cite web |last=Isherwood |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Isherwood|title=Opinion – 'American Prophet' Review: Frederick Douglass's Fiery Words |website=WSJ |date=August 11, 2022 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/american-prophet-frederick-douglass-in-his-own-words-review-arena-stage-charles-randolph-wright-marcus-hummon-lorna-ventura-cornelius-smith-jr-kristolyn-lloyd-chris-roberts-thomas-adrian-simpson-joseph-joubert-11660255417 |access-date=October 29, 2022}}</ref>
* His life is retold in the 1948 two-part radio drama "The Making of a Man" and "The Key to Freedom", presented by ''[[Destination Freedom]]'', written by [[Richard Durham]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/DestinationFreedom/DF_48-07-25_ep005-The_Making_of_a_Man.mp3|title=The Making of a Man|publisher=Destination Freedom|via=Internet Archive Digital Library|format=mp3}} & {{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/DestinationFreedom/DF_48-08-01_ep006-The_Key_to_Freedom.mp3 |title=The Key to Freedom|publisher=Destination Freedom|via=Internet Archive Digital Library|format=mp3}}</ref>
* [https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/ebony-magazine-1963-september-1942232046 A drawing of Frederick Douglass appears on the cover of ''Ebony'' magazine, September 1963]