Editing Dundee (section)

=== Landmarks ===
[[File:St. Mary's Tower, Dundee - geograph.org.uk - 1204975.jpg|thumb|left|180px|St Mary's Tower, oldest building in Dundee, dating to late 15th century]]

The city and its landscape are dominated by [[Law, Dundee|The Law]] and the [[Firth of Tay]]. The Law, a large hill to the north of the [[City Centre, Dundee|City Centre]] was the site of an [[Iron Age]] [[Hill Fort]], upon which the Law War Memorial, designed by Thomas Braddock, was erected in 1921 to commemorate the fallen of [[World War I]].<ref>{{harvnb|Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing }}</ref> The waterfront, much altered by [[Land reclamation|reclamation]] in the 19th century, retains several of the docks that once were the hub of the jute and whaling industries, including the Camperdown and Victoria Docks.<ref>{{harvnb|Camperdown Dock, Category A listing}}<br />{{harvnb|Victoria Dock with Pedestrian and Vehicular Swing Bridges, Category A listing }}</ref> The Victoria Dock is the home of the frigate [[HMS Unicorn (1824)|HMS ''Unicorn'']] and the [[North Carr Lightship]], while [[Robert Falcon Scott|Captain Scott]]'s [[RRS Discovery|RRS ''Discovery'']] occupies Craig Pier, from where the ferries to [[Fife]] once sailed.

The oldest building in the city is St Mary's Tower, which dates from the late 15th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=52–54 }}</ref> This forms part of the City Churches, which consist of St Clement's Church, dating to 1787–8 and built by Samuel Bell, Old St Paul's and St David's Church, built in 1841–42 by [[William Burn]], and St Mary's Church, rebuilt in 1843–44, also by Burn, following a fire.<ref>{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=52–54 }}</ref> Other significant churches in the city include the Gothic Revival [[St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee|St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral]], built by [[George Gilbert Scott|Sir George Gilbert Scott]] in 1853 on the former site of Dundee Castle in the High Street,<ref>{{harvnb|150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=57 }}</ref> and the Catholic [[St Andrew's Cathedral, Dundee|St. Andrew's Cathedral]], built in 1835 by George Mathewson in Nethergate.<ref>{{harvnb|Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=57 }}</ref>

As a result of the destruction suffered during the [[Rough Wooing]], little of the mediaeval city (aside from St Mary's Tower) remains and the earliest surviving domestic structures date from the [[Scotland in the Early Modern Era|Early Modern Era]]. A notable example is the Wishart Arch (or East Port) in Cowgate. It is the last surviving portion of the city walls. Dating from prior to 1548, it owes its continued existence to its association with the Protestant [[martyr]] [[George Wishart]], who is said to have preached to plague victims from the East Port in 1544.<ref>{{harvnb|Historic Environment Scotland|SM164}}<br />{{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=32–33 }}</ref> Another is the building complex on the High Street known as [[Gardyne's Land, Dundee|Gardyne's Land]], parts of which date from around 1560.<ref>{{harvnb|70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=18}}; {{harvnb|Dragging a building into the 21st century}}; {{harvnb|Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards }}</ref> [[The Howff]] burial ground in the northern part of the City Centre also dates from this time; it was given to the city by Mary Queen of Scots in 1564, having previously served as the grounds of a [[Franciscan]] abbey.<ref>{{harvnb|Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=50–51 }}</ref>

[[File:Claypotts castle 01.jpg|thumb|right|Claypotts Castle, dating from the late 16th century]]

Several castles can be found in Dundee, mostly from the Early Modern Era. The earliest parts of [[Mains Castle]] in Caird Park were built by David Graham in 1562 on the site of a hunting lodge of 1460.<ref>{{harvnb|Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=120 }}</ref> [[Dudhope Castle]], originally the seat of the Scrymgeour family, dates to the late 16th century and was built on the site of a keep of 1460.<ref>{{harvnb|Dudhope Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=74–75 }}</ref> [[Claypotts Castle]], a striking Z plan castle in West Ferry, was built by John Strachan and dates from 1569 to 1588.<ref>{{harvnb|Claypotts Castle, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=103 }}</ref> In 1495 [[Broughty Castle]] was built and remained in use as a major defensive structure until 1932, playing a role in the [[Anglo-Scottish Wars]] and the [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Wars of the Three Kingdoms]]. The castle stands on a shallow tip projecting into the Firth, alongside two beaches, one of sand, the other of pebbles. The ruins of [[Powrie Castle]], north of Fintry, date from the 16th-century castle north.{{clarify|date=November 2014}}<ref>{{harvnb|Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall }}</ref>

North of the City Churches, at the end of Reform Street, lies the [[High School of Dundee]], built in 1829–34 by George Angus in a Greek Revival style.<ref>{{harvnb|Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=47 }}</ref> Another school building of note is [[Morgan Academy]] on Forfar Road, built in 1863, designed by [[John Dick Peddie]] in a Dutch Gothic style.<ref>{{harvnb|Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=97 }}</ref>

Dundee's industrial history as a centre for textile production is apparent throughout the city. Numerous former jute mills remain standing and while some lay derelict, many have been converted for other uses. Of particular note are the Tay Works, built by the Gilroy Brothers {{circa|1850}}–1865,<ref>{{harvnb|2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=85 }}</ref> [[Camperdown Works]] in Lochee, which built and owned by Cox Brothers, one of Europe's largest jute manufacturing companies, and begun in 1849,<ref>{{harvnb|Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|p=89 }}</ref><ref name="Cox Bros">{{cite web |title=MS 6 Cox Brothers Ltd, Jute Spinners and Manufacturers, and Cox Family Papers |url=http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=((text)=%271,000,001%27) |work=Archive Services Online Catalogue |publisher=[[University of Dundee]] |access-date=9 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215193736/http://arccat.dundee.ac.uk/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=((text)=%271,000,001%27) |archive-date=15 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Upper Dens Mill and Lower Dens Works, built by the Baxter Brothers in the mid-19th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Princes Street and Return Elevations to Dens Street, Constable Street and St Roques Lane, Lower Dens Works, Category listing}}; {{harvnb|2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing}}; {{harvnb|McKean|Walker|1985|pp=30–32 }}</ref>
[[File:James Duncan Mitchell, Lusitania 1915, Western Cemetery, Dundee.jpg|thumb|James Duncan Mitchell, died on the Lusitania in 1915, interred at Western Cemetery, Dundee]]
A more recent landmark is the {{convert|140|ft|m|adj=mid}} Tower Building of the [[University of Dundee]] built between 1959 and 1961. At the time of its construction only the Old Steeple was taller in the city. The Tower was built to replace the original college buildings which stood on the site.<ref name=Tower>{{cite journal |title=From the Archives: Fifty years since the Tower's foundation stone was laid |journal=Contact |date=October 2009 |pages=24–25 |publisher=University of Dundee }}</ref><ref name="Tower News">{{cite news |title=Dundee University's Tower Building needing facelift to address safety concerns |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-university-s-tower-building-needing-facelift-to-address-safety-concerns-1.51518 |access-date=22 October 2013 |newspaper=The Courier |date=9 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031024458/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-university-s-tower-building-needing-facelift-to-address-safety-concerns-1.51518 |archive-date=31 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The building houses the university's main administration and includes galleries and the university's Archive, Records Management and Museum Services.<ref name="Tower Building">{{cite web |title=Tower Building |url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/general/campusguide/virtualtour/tower/ |publisher=University of Dundee |access-date=22 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023063616/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/general/campusguide/virtualtour/tower/ |archive-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Many 1960s landmark multi-storey housing buildings were demolished in the late 2000s. The former Tayside House block, nicknamed 'Faulty Towers' by many local people, was demolished in 2013 as part of the waterfront redevelopment program.<ref name="Muncher">{{cite news |title=Bye-bye Tayside House — 'Muncher' completes its work |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722 |access-date=2 March 2016 |work=The Courier |publisher=D C Thomson & Co, Ltd. |date=12 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081304/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/bye-bye-tayside-house-muncher-completes-its-work-1.111722 |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> According to the architectural historian [[Charles McKean]] and his co-authors of Lost Dundee, the best views in the city were from Tayside House, because these were the only views from which the building itself could not be seen.<ref name="LostTayHouse">{{cite book |last1=McKean |first1=Charles |last2=Whatley |first2=Patricia |last3=with Baxter |first3=Kenneth |title=Lost Dundee. Dundee's Lost Architectural Heritage |date=2013 |publisher=Birlinn |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-78027-106-4 |page=248 |edition=2nd }}</ref>