Editing Demographics of Mexico (section)

===Afro-Mexicans===
{{See also|Afro-Mexicans}}
[[File:Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña.png|left|upright|alt=Painting of Vicente Guerrero, major figure during the late Mexican War of Independence, abolitionist and second President of Mexico, was an Afro-Mexican.|thumb|[[Vicente Guerrero]], major figure during the late Mexican War of Independence and second President of Mexico, was an Afro-descendent. His father was [[Mestizos in Mexico|Mestizo]] and his mother was [[Afro-Mexicans|Black]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Vincent|first=Theodore G|title=The Legacy of Vicente Guerrero, Mexico's First Black Indian President|year=2001|publisher=University Press of Florida|isbn=978-0-8130-2422-6}}</ref>]]

Afro-Mexicans are an ethnic group that predominate in certain areas of Mexico such as the [[Costa Chica of Oaxaca]] and the [[Costa Chica of Guerrero]], Veracruz (e.g. [[Yanga, Veracruz|Yanga]]) and in some towns in northern Mexico, mainly in [[Múzquiz Municipality]], Coahuila. The existence of individuals of Sub-Saharan African descent in Mexico has its origins in the slave trade that took place during colonial times and that did not end until 1829 after the consummation of the Mexican independence. The institution was not as prominent as elsewhere in the Americas and was already in decay by the late 1700s, which led to the number of free black people eventually surpassing that of enslaved ones. Although Mexico did not abolish slavery immediately after independence, the expansion of Anglo-American settlement in Texas with their Black slaves became a point of contention between the US and Mexico. The northern territory had been claimed by the [[Spanish Empire]] but not settled beyond a few missions. The Mexican government saw a solution to the problem of Indian attacks in the north by inviting immigration by US Americans. Rather than settling in the territory contested by northern Indian groups, the Anglo-Americans and their Black slaves established farming in eastern Texas, contiguous to US territory in Louisiana. Mexican President [[Anastasio Bustamante]], concerned that the US would annex Texas, sought to limit Anglo-American immigration in 1830 and mandated no new slaves in the territory.<ref>Menchaca, Martha. ''Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans''. Austin: University of Texas Press 2001.</ref><ref>Henderson, Timothy J. ''A glorious defeat: Mexico and its war with the United States''. New York: Macmillan 2007.</ref>

[[File:Lupita_Nyong'o_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Lupita Nyong'o|Lupita Amondi Nyong'o]], Afro-Mexican actress.]] 

Historically, the presence of this ethnic group within the country has been difficult to assess for a number of reasons: their small numbers, heavy intermarriage with other ethnic groups, and Mexico's tradition of defining itself as a Mestizo society or mixing of European and indigenous only.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/afro-mexicans/#:~:text=Moreover%2C%20an%20important%20anti%2Ddiscrimination,Mexicans%20as%20an%20ethnic%20group.|title= Afro-Mexicans in Mexico - Minority Rights Group}}</ref> Nowadays this ethnic group also includes people from Africa, the Caribbean and elsewhere in the Americas who have been arriving in recent migration waves to the country.<ref name="Transición" />

The majority of Mexico's Afro-descendants are ''Afromestizos'', i.e. "mixed-race".According to the intercensal survey carried out in 2015, 1.2% of the population self-identified as Afro-Mexican<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/encuestas/hogares/especiales/ei2015/doc/panorama_sociodemografico_2015.pdf |date=2015 |title=Panorama sociodemográfico de México |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103300/http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/encuestas/hogares/especiales/ei2015/doc/panorama_sociodemografico_2015.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |publisher=[[INEGI]]}}</ref> with 64.9% (896,829) of them also identifying as indigenous and 9.3% being speakers of [[Languages of Mexico|indigenous languages]].<ref name="beta.inegi.org.mx" /> In the 2020 census survey carried out by the Mexican government, Afro-Mexicans were reported to make up 2.04% of the country's population.<ref name="2021 est" />

{| class="wikitable" style="float: center;"
|-
! colspan="8" |Percentage of population aged 3 years or older that considers themselves Afro-Mexican by state (2020 census)
|-
! State
! Percentage
|-
! colspan="8" |{{color|#FAD201|Between 5% and 10%}}
|-
||{{flagicon|Guerrero}} [[Guerrero]]|| 8.6%
|-
! colspan="8" |{{color|orange|Between 2.5% and 5%}}
|-
||{{flagicon|Oaxaca}} [[Oaxaca]]|| 4.7%
|-
||{{flagicon|Baja California Sur}} [[Baja California Sur]]|| 3.3%
|-
||{{flagicon|Yucatán}} [[Yucatán]]|| 3.0%
|-
||{{flagicon|Quintana Roo}} [[Quintana Roo]]|| 2.8%
|-
||{{flagicon|Veracruz}} [[Veracruz]]|| 2.7%
|-
! colspan="8" |{{color|red|Between 0% and 2.5%}}
|-
||{{flagicon|Campeche}} [[Campeche]]|| 2.1%
|-
! scope="row" |{{flagicon|Mexico}} '''[[United Mexican States]]'''|| '''2.04%'''
|-
||{{flagicon|Ciudad de México}} [[Ciudad de México|México D. F.]]|| 2.0%
|-
||{{flagicon|San Luis Potosí}} [[San Luis Potosí]]|| 2.0%
|-
||{{flagicon|Coahuila}} [[Morelos]]|| 1.9%
|-
||{{flagicon|Colima}} [[Colima]]|| 1.9%
|-
||{{flagicon|Querétaro}} [[Querétaro]]|| 1.8%
|-
||{{flagicon|Guanajuato}} [[Morelos]]|| 1.8%
|-
||{{flagicon|Estado de México}} [[Estado de México|México]]|| 1.7%
|-
||{{flagicon|Puebla}} [[Puebla]]|| 1.7%
|-
||{{flagicon|Baja California}} [[Baja California]]|| 1.7%
|-
||{{flagicon|Nuevo León}} [[Nuevo León]]|| 1.7%
|-
||{{flagicon|Jalisco}} [[Jalisco]]|| 1.7%
|-
||{{flagicon|Chihuahua}} [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]]|| 1.6%
|-
||{{flagicon|Hidalgo}} [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]]|| 1.6%
|-
||{{flagicon|Aguascalientes}} [[Aguascalientes]]|| 1.6%
|-
||{{flagicon|Tabasco}} [[Tabasco]]|| 1.6%
|-
||{{flagicon|Michoacán}} [[Michoacán]]|| 1.5%
|-
||{{flagicon|Sonora}} [[Sonora]]|| 1.5%
|-
||{{flagicon|Coahuila}} [[Coahuila]]|| 1.5%
|-
||{{flagicon|Sinaloa}} [[Sinaloa]]|| 1.4%
|-
||{{flagicon|Tlaxcala}} [[Tlaxcala]]|| 1.3%
|-
||{{flagicon|Tamaulipas}} [[Tamaulipas]]|| 1.2%
|-
||{{flagicon|Chiapas}} [[Chiapas]]|| 1.0%
|-
||{{flagicon|Zacatecas}} [[Zacatecas]]|| 1.0%
|-
||{{flagicon|Durango}} [[Durango]]|| 0.9%
|-
||{{flagicon|Nayarit}} [[Nayarit]]|| 0.8%
|-
| colspan="8" style="text-align:left;" |<small>Source: Mexican census 2020 [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía|INEGI]].<ref name="2020 Census" /></small>
|}