Editing County Dublin (section)

==Politics==

===Elections===
[[File:Dublin Dail Eireann Constituencies (2020).png|thumb|[[Dáil constituencies]] of County Dublin]]
For elections to [[Dáil Éireann]], the area of the county is currently divided into eleven [[Dáil constituencies|constituencies]]: [[Dublin Bay North (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Bay North]], [[Dublin Bay South (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Bay South]], [[Dublin Central (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Central]], [[Dublin Fingal (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Fingal]], [[Dublin Mid-West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Mid-West]], [[Dublin North-West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin North-West]], [[Dublin Rathdown (Dáil constituency)|Dublin Rathdown]], [[Dublin South-Central (Dáil constituency)|Dublin South-Central]], [[Dublin South-West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin South-West]], [[Dublin West (Dáil constituency)|Dublin West]], and [[Dún Laoghaire (Dáil constituency)|Dún Laoghaire]]. Together they return 45 deputies ([[Teachta Dála|TDs]]) to the Dáil.

The first [[Parliament of Ireland|Irish Parliament]] convened in the small village of [[Castledermot]], [[County Kildare]] on 18 June 1264. Representatives from seven constituencies were present, one of which was the constituency of [[Dublin City (Parliament of Ireland constituency)|Dublin City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/visit-and-learn/history-and-buildings/history-of-parliament-in-ireland/|title=History of Parliament in Ireland|work=oireachtas.ie|date=23 June 2021|access-date=25 June 2021|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329185418/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/visit-and-learn/history-and-buildings/history-of-parliament-in-ireland/|url-status=live}}</ref> Dublin was historically represented in the [[Irish House of Commons]] through the constituencies of [[Dublin City (Parliament of Ireland constituency)|Dublin City]] and [[County Dublin (Parliament of Ireland constituency)|County Dublin]]. Three smaller constituencies had been created by the 17th century: [[Swords (Parliament of Ireland constituency)|Swords]]; which was created sometime between 1560 and 1585, with Walter Fitzsimons and Thomas Taylor being its first recorded [[Irish House of Commons|MPs]]; [[Newcastle (Parliament of Ireland constituency)|Newcastle]] in the west of the county, created in 1613; and [[Dublin University (constituency)|Dublin University]], which was a [[university constituency]] covering Trinity College, also created in 1613.<ref>{{Cite thesis|url=http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/77206|hdl=2262/77206|title=A biographical dictionary of the membership of the Irish House of Commons 1640–1641|year=1998|publisher=Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of History|type=thesis|last1=McGrath|first1=Brid|access-date=25 June 2021|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309155453/http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/77206|url-status=live}}</ref> While proceedings of the Irish Parliament were well-documented, many of the records from this time were lost during the [[Battle of Dublin#Assault on the Four Courts|shelling of the Four Courts]] in July 1922.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.courts.ie/four-courts |title=The Four Courts |publisher=Courts Service of Ireland |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925093130/https://www.courts.ie/four-courts |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following the [[Acts of Union 1800]], Dublin was represented in [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|Westminster]] through three constituencies from 1801 to 1885: [[Dublin City (UK Parliament constituency)|Dublin City]], [[County Dublin (UK Parliament constituency)|County Dublin]] and the [[Dublin University (constituency)|Dublin University]]. A series of local government and electoral reforms in the late 19th century radically alerted the county's political map, and by 1918 there were twelve constituencies within County Dublin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gailey |first1=Andrew |date=May 1984 |title=Unionist Rhetoric and Irish Local Government Reform, 1895-9 |journal=Irish Historic Studies |volume=24 |issue=93 |pages=52–68 |jstor=30008026 |doi= 10.1017/S0021121400034027|s2cid=159923053 }}</ref>

Throughout the twentieth century the representation in Dublin expanded as the population grew. In the [[Electoral Act 1923]], the first division of constituencies arranged by Irish legislation, geographical constituencies in Dublin were 23 of the 147 TDs in geographical constituencies;<ref>{{cite ISB|year=1923|num=12|title=[[Electoral Act 1923]]|date=17 April 1923|access-date=10 October 2021|parl=ifs|schedno=8|stitle=Constituencies}}</ref> this contrasts with 45 of 160 at the most recent division.<ref>{{cite ISB|year=2017|num=39|schedule=y|title=[[Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2017]]|date=23 December 2017|access-date=8 August 2021}}</ref>

Twenty-three [[Dáil Éireann]] constituencies have been created and abolished within the county since independence, the most recent being the constituencies of [[Dublin South (Dáil constituency)|Dublin South]], [[Dublin North (Dáil constituency)|Dublin North]], [[Dublin North-Central (Dáil constituency)|Dublin North-Central]], [[Dublin North-East (Dáil constituency)|Dublin North-East]] and [[Dublin South-East (Dáil constituency)|Dublin South-East]], which were abolished in 2016.

Of the fifteen people to have held the office of [[Taoiseach]] since 1922, more than half were either born or raised within County Dublin: [[W. T. Cosgrave]], [[John A. Costello]], [[Seán Lemass]], [[Liam Cosgrave]], [[Charles Haughey]] (born in [[County Mayo]] but raised in Dublin), [[Garret FitzGerald]], [[Bertie Ahern]] and [[Leo Varadkar]] (Cosgrave held the office of [[President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State|President of the Executive Council]]; by convention, Taoisigh are numbered to include this position). Conversely, just one of Ireland's nine [[President of Ireland|presidents]] have hailed from the county, namely [[Seán T. O'Kelly]], who served as president from 1945 to 1959.

====European elections====
The four local government areas in County Dublin form the 4-seat constituency of [[Dublin (European Parliament constituency)|Dublin]] in [[European Parliament elections]].<ref>{{cite ISB|year=2019|num=7|section=7|stitle=Substitution of Third Schedule to Principal Act |title=European Parliament Elections (Amendment) Act 2019|date=12 March 2019|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>

===National government===
[[File:Dublin-Dept-Of-Taoiseach-2012.JPG|thumb|left|[[Department of the Taoiseach]]]]
[[File:Áras an Uachtaráin-2011.jpg|thumb|[[Áras an Uachtaráin]], residence of the [[President of Ireland]]]]
[[File:Barack Obama and Enda Kenny at Farmleigh.jpg|right|thumb|[[Farmleigh]], the official Irish State guesthouse]]
As the capital city, Dublin is the seat of the national parliament of Ireland, the [[Oireachtas]]. It is composed of the [[President of Ireland]], [[Dáil Éireann]] as a house of representatives, and [[Seanad Éireann]] as an upper house. Both houses of the Oireachtas meet in [[Leinster House]], a former ducal palace on [[Kildare Street]]. It has been the home of the Irish government since the creation of the [[Irish Free State]]. The [[First Dáil]] of the revolutionary [[Irish Republic]] met in the Round Room of the [[Mansion House, Dublin|Mansion House]], the present-day residence of the [[Lord Mayor of Dublin]], in January 1919. The former [[Parliament of Ireland|Irish Parliament]], which was abolished in 1801, was located at [[College Green, Dublin|College Green]]; [[Parliament House, Dublin|Parliament House]] now holds a branch of [[Bank of Ireland]]. [[Government Buildings]], located on [[Merrion Street]], houses the [[Department of the Taoiseach]], the Council Chamber, the [[Department of Finance (Ireland)|Department of Finance]], and the [[Attorney General of Ireland|Office of the Attorney General]].<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Department of the Taoiseach |title=Guide to Government Buildings |year=2005}}</ref>

The president resides in [[Áras an Uachtaráin]] in [[Phoenix Park]], a stately ranger's lodge built in 1757. The house was bought by [[the Crown]] in 1780 to be used as the summer residence of the [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]], the British [[viceroy]] in the [[Kingdom of Ireland]]. Following independence, the lodge was earmarked as the potential home of the [[Governor-General of the Irish Free State|Governor-General]], but this was highly controversial as it symbolised continued British rule over Ireland, so it was left empty for many years. President [[Douglas Hyde]] "temporarily" occupied the building in 1938, as Taoiseach [[Éamon de Valera]] intended to demolish it and build a more modest presidential bungalow on the site. Those plans were scrapped during [[The Emergency (Ireland)|The Emergency]] and the lodge became the president's permanent residence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/the-aras-accidentally-home-to-the-president-1.163019|title=The Aras: accidentally home to the President|publisher=The Irish Times|access-date=25 June 2021|date=13 June 1998|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924143159/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/the-aras-accidentally-home-to-the-president-1.163019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Much like Áras an Uachtaráin, many of the grand estate homes of the former aristocracy were re-purposed for State use in the 20th century. The [[Deerfield Residence]], also in Phoenix Park, is the official residence of the [[United States Ambassador to Ireland]], while [[Glencairn House]] in south Dublin is used as the [[List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Ireland|British Ambassador]]'s residence. [[Farmleigh|Farmleigh House]], one of the [[Guinness family]] residences, was acquired by the government in 1999 for use as the official [[Republic of Ireland|Irish]] [[state guest house]].

Many other prominent judicial and political organs are located within Dublin, including the [[Four Courts]], which is the principal seat of the [[Supreme Court of Ireland|Supreme Court]], the [[Court of Appeal (Ireland)|Court of Appeal]], the [[High Court (Ireland)|High Court]] and the [[Circuit Court (Ireland)|Dublin Circuit Court]]; and the [[The Custom House|Custom House]], which houses the [[Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage]]. Once the centuries-long seat of the [[Dublin Castle administration|British government's administration in Ireland]], [[Dublin Castle]] is now only used for ceremonial purposes, such as policy launches, hosting of State visits, and the [[Irish presidential inauguration|inauguration of the president]].<ref>{{cite book|last= Costello|first= Peter|year= 1999|title= Dublin Castle, in the life of the Irish nation|publisher= Wolfhound Press|location= Dublin|isbn= 0-86327-610-5|url-access= registration|url= https://archive.org/details/dublincastleinli00cost}}</ref>

===Social issues and ideology===
Dublin is among the most socially liberal places in Ireland, and popular sentiment on issues such as [[LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland|LGBT rights]], [[abortion]] and divorce has often foreran the rest of the island. Referendums held on these issues have consistently received much stronger support within Dublin, particularly the south of the county, than the majority of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/most-liberal-constituency-turns-out-in-style-and-gets-it-right-again-26031698.html|title=Most liberal constituency turns out in style and gets it right again|publisher=The Irish Independent|access-date=25 June 2021|date=21 October 2002|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625161203/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/most-liberal-constituency-turns-out-in-style-and-gets-it-right-again-26031698.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While over 66% of voters nationally voted in favour of the [[Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|Eighth Amendment]] in 1983, 58% of voters in [[Dún Laoghaire (Dáil constituency)|Dún Laoghaire]] and 55% in [[Dublin South (Dáil constituency)|Dublin South]] voted against it. In 2018, over 75.5% of voters in County Dublin voted to [[Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|repeal]] the amendment, compared with 66.4% nationally.

In 1987, Dublin Senator [[David Norris (politician)|David Norris]] took the Irish government to the [[European Court of Human Rights]] (see ''[[Norris v. Ireland]]'') over the criminalisation of homosexual acts. In 1988, the Court ruled that the law criminalising same sex activities was contrary to the [[European Convention on Human Rights]], in particular Article 8 which protects the right to respect for private life. The law was held to infringe on the right of adults to engage in acts of their own choice.<ref>Norris v. Ireland – 10581/83 (European Court of Human Rights)</ref> This led directly to the repeal of the law in 1993. Numerous LGBT events and venues are now located within the county. [[Dublin Pride]] is an annual [[pride parade]] held on the last Saturday of June and is Ireland's largest public LGBT event. In 2018, an estimated 60,000 people attended.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/record-numbers-attend-dublin-pride-parade-1.3549866|title=Record numbers attend Dublin Pride Parade|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=30 June 2018|last=Gallagher|first=Conor|access-date=25 June 2021|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411125905/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/record-numbers-attend-dublin-pride-parade-1.3549866|url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|2015 vote]] to allow same-sex marriage, 71% of County Dublin voted in favour, compared with 62% nationally.

In general, the south-eastern coastal regions of the county such as Dún Laoghaire and Dublin Bay South are a stronghold for the [[Liberal conservatism|liberal-conservative]] [[Fine Gael]] party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cora.ucc.ie/bitstream/handle/10468/9999/Full%20Text%20E-thesis.pdf?sequence=3|title=Keeping it local: an investigation of the phenomenon of 'friends and neighbours' voting at the Irish general elections of 2011 and 2016|publisher=UCC|access-date=25 June 2021|date=4 October 2019|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625161215/https://cora.ucc.ie/bitstream/handle/10468/9999/Full%20Text%20E-thesis.pdf?sequence=3|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the late-2000s the [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]] has also developed a strong support base in these areas. The [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]] [[Sinn Féin]] party generally performs well in south-central and west Dublin, in areas like Tallaght and [[Crumlin, Dublin|Crumlin]]. In recent elections Sinn Féin have increasingly taken votes in traditional [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour Party]] areas, whose support has been on the decline since [[2016 Irish general election|2016]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/irelands-left-wing-nationalists-surge-in-historic-but-inconclusive-election/2020/02/09/6df56f36-4926-11ea-8a1f-de1597be6cbc_story.html|title=Ireland's left-wing nationalist Sinn Fein party surges in historic but inconclusive election|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=25 June 2021|date=4 February 2020|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615225840/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/irelands-left-wing-nationalists-surge-in-historic-but-inconclusive-election/2020/02/09/6df56f36-4926-11ea-8a1f-de1597be6cbc_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result of the economic crisis, [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] [[Fianna Fáil]] failed to gain a single seat in Dublin in the [[2011 Irish general election|2011 general election]]. This was a first for the long-time dominant party of Irish politics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/fianna-fail-election-2016-performance-analysis-ge16-2634557-Mar2016/|title=Fianna Fáil are back, and they're no longer 'male, stale and outside the Pale'|publisher=joe.ie|access-date=25 June 2021|date=4 March 2016|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625161203/https://www.thejournal.ie/fianna-fail-election-2016-performance-analysis-ge16-2634557-Mar2016/|url-status=live}}</ref> The party regained a footing in 7 of the 11 Dublin constituencies in 2020, and were also the largest party in Dublin City, Fingal and South Dublin in the [[2019 Irish local elections|2019 local elections]].