Editing Cosmic microwave background (section)

===Thermal (non-microwave background) temperature predictions===
* 1896 – [[Charles Édouard Guillaume]] estimates the "radiation of the stars" to be 5–6&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]].<ref name="Apeiron2_3_79"/><ref name="G 1896">Guillaume, C.-É., 1896, ''La Nature'' 24, series 2, p. 234</ref>
* 1926 – Sir [[Arthur Eddington]] estimates the non-thermal radiation of [[star#Radiation|starlight]] in the galaxy "... by the formula {{nowrap|1=''E'' = ''σT''<sup>4</sup>}} the effective temperature corresponding to this density is 3.18° absolute ... black body".<ref name="Apeiron2_3_79"/><ref>{{Cite book |date=1979-12-31 |editor-last=Lang |editor-first=Kenneth R. |editor2-last=Gingerich |editor2-first=Owen |chapter=45. The Internal Constitution of the Stars |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.4159/harvard.9780674366688.c50/html |publisher=Harvard University Press |pages=281–290 |doi=10.4159/harvard.9780674366688.c50 |isbn=978-0-674-36668-8 |title=A Source Book in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1900–1975 }}</ref>
* 1930s – [[Cosmologist]] [[Erich Regener]] calculates that the non-thermal spectrum of cosmic rays in the galaxy has an effective temperature of 2.8&nbsp;K.<ref name="Apeiron2_3_79"/>
* 1931 – Term ''microwave'' first used in print: "When trials with wavelengths as low as 18 cm. were made known, there was undisguised surprise+that the problem of the micro-wave had been solved so soon." ''Telegraph & Telephone Journal'' XVII. 179/1
* 1934 – [[Richard Tolman]] shows that [[black-body]] radiation in an expanding universe cools but remains thermal.
* 1946 – [[Robert Dicke]] predicts "... radiation from cosmic matter" at <&nbsp;20&nbsp;K, but did not refer to background radiation.<ref name=Kragh>
{{cite book|first=H.|last=Kragh|date=1999|title=Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe|publisher=Princeton University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/cosmologycontrov00helg|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/cosmologycontrov00helg/page/135 135]|isbn=978-0-691-00546-1}} "In 1946, Robert Dicke and coworkers at MIT tested equipment that could test a cosmic microwave background of intensity corresponding to about 20K in the microwave region. However, they did not refer to such a background, but only to 'radiation from cosmic matter'. Also, this work was unrelated to cosmology and is only mentioned because it suggests that by 1950, detection of the background radiation might have been technically possible, and also because of Dicke's later role in the discovery". See also {{cite journal|last=Dicke|first=R. H.|date=1946|title=Atmospheric Absorption Measurements with a Microwave Radiometer|journal=[[Physical Review]]|volume=70|issue=5–6|pages=340–348|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.70.340|bibcode = 1946PhRv...70..340D |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
* 1946 – [[George Gamow]] calculates a temperature of 50&nbsp;K (assuming a 3-billion year old universe),<ref name="The Creation Of The Universe">George Gamow, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5awirwgmvAoC&pg=PA40 The Creation Of The Universe]'' p.50 (Dover reprint of revised 1961 edition) {{ISBN|0-486-43868-6}}</ref> commenting it "... is in reasonable agreement with the actual temperature of interstellar space", but does not mention background radiation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gamow|first=G.|author-link=George Gamow|date=2004|orig-year=1961|title=Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe|page=40|publisher=[[Courier Dover Publications]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5awirwgmvAoC&pg=PA40|isbn=978-0-486-43868-9}}</ref>
* 1953 – [[Erwin Finlay-Freundlich]] in support of his [[tired light]] theory, derives a blackbody temperature for intergalactic space of 2.3&nbsp;K and in the following year values of 1.9K and 6.0K.<ref>Erwin Finlay-Freundlich, "[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953CoStA...4...96F Ueber die Rotverschiebung der Spektrallinien]" (1953) ''Contributions from the Observatory, University of St. Andrews''; no. 4, p. 96–102. Finlay-Freundlich gave two extreme values of 1.9K and 6.0K in Finlay-Freundlich, E.: 1954, "Red shifts in the spectra of celestial bodies", Phil. Mag., Vol. 45, pp. 303–319.</ref>