Editing Conspiracy theory (section)

===Turkey===
{{Main|Conspiracy theories in Turkey}}

Conspiracy theories are a prevalent feature of culture and politics in [[Turkey]]. Conspiracism is an important phenomenon in understanding Turkish politics.<ref name=tinfoil>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/12/the-tin-foil-hats-are-out-in-turkey/|title=The Tin-Foil Hats Are Out in Turkey|date=12 September 2016|work=[[Foreign Policy]]|author=Mustafa Akyol|access-date=10 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109063325/http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/12/the-tin-foil-hats-are-out-in-turkey/|archive-date=2017-01-09|url-status=live}}</ref> This is explained by a desire to "make up for our lost [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] grandeur",<ref name=tinfoil /> the humiliation of perceiving Turkey as part of "the malfunctioning half" of the world,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/06/turkey-erdogan-election-kurds/563240/|title=How Nietzsche Explains Turkey|date=21 June 2018|work=[[The Atlantic]]|author=Selim Koru|access-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621221333/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/06/turkey-erdogan-election-kurds/563240/|archive-date=2018-06-21|url-status=live}}</ref> and a "low level of media literacy among the Turkish population."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://osi.bg/downloads/File/2018/MediaLiteracyIndex2018_publishENG.pdf|title=COMMON SENSE WANTED – Resilence to 'post-truth' and its predictors in the new media literacy index 2018|date=March 2018|publisher=Open Society Institute – Sofia|author=Marin Lessenski|access-date=2018-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403150737/http://osi.bg/downloads/File/2018/MediaLiteracyIndex2018_publishENG.pdf|archive-date=2018-04-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>

There are a wide variety of conspiracy theories including the [[Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Marc David Baer|date=2013|title=An Enemy Old and New: The Dönme, Anti-Semitism, and Conspiracy Theories in the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/|journal=Jewish Quarterly Review|volume=103|issue=4|pages=523–555|doi=10.1353/jqr.2013.0033|s2cid=159483845|via=Project MUSE}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00263206.2021.1950691|doi=10.1080/00263206.2021.1950691|title=The journal ''İnkılâp'' and the appeal of antisemitism in interwar Turkey|date=2022|last1=Lamprou|first1=Alexandros|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=58|pages=32–47}}</ref> the [[International Jewish conspiracy#Turkey|international Jewish conspiracy theory]], and the [[war against Islam conspiracy theory]]. For example, [[Islamism|Islamists]], dissatisfied with the [[modernity|modernist]] and [[secularism|secularist]] reforms that took place throughout the history of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic, have put forward many conspiracy theories to defame the [[Treaty of Lausanne]], an important peace treaty for the country, and the republic's founder [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Kemal Atatürk]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Turkey, conspiracy theories about the Peace Treaty of Lausanne run riot|url=https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2023/03/in-turkey-conspiracy-theories-about-the-peace-treaty-of-lausanne-run-riot/|website=The Skeptic|access-date=17 May 2024|date=29 March 2023|archive-date=2 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702083157/https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2023/03/in-turkey-conspiracy-theories-about-the-peace-treaty-of-lausanne-run-riot/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lozan Antlaşması'nın 100. Yılında Komplo Teorileri ve Gizli Maddelerin İzinde|url=https://yalansavar.org/2023/07/25/lozan-antlasmasinin-100-yilinda-komplo-teorileri-ve-gizli-maddelerin-izinde/|website=Yalansavar|access-date=17 May 2024|language=Turkish|date=25 July 2023|archive-date=6 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806150445/https://yalansavar.org/2023/07/25/lozan-antlasmasinin-100-yilinda-komplo-teorileri-ve-gizli-maddelerin-izinde/}}</ref> Another example is the [[Sèvres syndrome]], a reference to the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] of 1920, a popular belief in Turkey that dangerous internal and external enemies, especially [[Western world|the West]], are "conspiring to weaken and carve up the Turkish Republic".<ref>{{cite book|last=Göçek|first=Fatma Müge|title=The Transformation of Turkey: Redefining State and Society from the Ottoman Empire to the Modern Era|page=105|year=2011|publisher=I.B.Tauris|location=London|isbn=9781848856110}}</ref>