Editing Columbia University (section)

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of Columbia University people}}

=== Alumni ===
{{Cleanup gallery|date=January 2024}}
{{Excessive examples|section|date=April 2025}}

{{see also|List of Columbia University alumni and attendees|List of Columbia University people in politics, military and law|List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Columbia University as alumni or faculty}}

The university has graduated many notable alumni, including five [[Founding Fathers of the United States]], [[Gouverneur Morris|an author]] of the United States Constitution and [[Robert R. Livingston (chancellor)|a member]] of the [[Committee of Five]]. Three United States presidents have attended Columbia,<ref name="parks2">{{cite web|title=The Presidents of the United States – Biographical Sketches|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/presidents/bio.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630010841/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/Presidents/bio.htm|archive-date=June 30, 2007|access-date=April 13, 2011|publisher=US National Park Service}}</ref> as well as ten [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States]], including three [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justices]]. {{As of|2011}}, 125 Pulitzer Prize winners and 39 Oscar winners have attended Columbia.<ref name="Columbia Arts Alumni2">{{cite web|title=Columbia Arts Alumni|url=http://www.cuarts.com/alumni/basicsearch|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123215722/http://cuarts.com/alumni/basicsearch|archive-date=January 23, 2011|access-date=June 28, 2011|publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> {{As of|2006}}, there were 101 National Academy members who were alumni.<ref name="Members By Parent Institution2">{{cite web|title=Members By Parent Institution|url=http://www.nae.edu/nae/naepub.nsf/Members%20By%20Parent%20InstitutionC?OpenView&Start=30|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615200340/http://www.nae.edu/nae/naepub.nsf/Members%20By%20Parent%20InstitutionC?OpenView&Start=30|archive-date=June 15, 2006|access-date=August 10, 2006|work=National Academy of Engineering}}</ref>

In a 2016 ranking of universities worldwide with respect to living graduates who are billionaires, Columbia ranked second, after Harvard.<ref>{{cite news|date=November 29, 2016|title=The Universities Churning Out The Most Billionaires|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2016/11/29/the-universities-churning-out-the-most-billionaires-infographic/#6ca1ff5d6613|access-date=November 19, 2017|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044334/https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2016/11/29/the-universities-churning-out-the-most-billionaires-infographic/#6ca1ff5d6613|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Marie Thibault2">{{cite news|author=Marie Thibault|title=In Pictures: Billionaire University|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/08/11/harvard-stanford-columbia-business-billionaires-universities_slide_4.html|access-date=April 12, 2011|archive-date=August 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801075748/https://www.forbes.com/2010/08/11/harvard-stanford-columbia-business-billionaires-universities_slide_4.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Former U.S. Presidents [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] attended the law school. Other political figures educated at Columbia include former U.S. President [[Barack Obama]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Columbia News Announcement|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/08/11/obama.html|access-date=April 16, 2011|publisher=Columbia.edu|archive-date=May 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502135302/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/08/11/obama.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]],<ref>{{cite web|date=March 7, 2006|title=Tribute: The Legacy of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and WRP Staff|url=https://www.aclu.org/womens-rights/tribute-legacy-ruth-bader-ginsburg-and-wrp-staff|access-date=April 16, 2011|publisher=American Civil Liberties Union|archive-date=March 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319024236/http://www.aclu.org/womens-rights/tribute-legacy-ruth-bader-ginsburg-and-wrp-staff|url-status=live}}</ref> former U.S. Secretary of State [[Madeleine Albright]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Albright|first=Madeleine|url=https://archive.org/details/madamsecretary00albr_0|title=Madam Secretary: A Memoir|publisher=Miramax|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7868-6843-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/madamsecretary00albr_0/page/71 71]|url-access=registration}}<!--| access-date=April 16, 2011--></ref> former chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank [[Alan Greenspan]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Martin|first=Justin|title=Greenspan: The Man behind Money|date=October 15, 2009|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-7382-0275-4|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=27–31}}<!--| access-date= April 16, 2011--></ref> U.S. Attorney General [[Eric Holder]], and U.S. Solicitor General [[Donald Verrilli Jr.]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Tucker-Hamilton|first=Racine|author2=Hickey, Matthew|date=December 17, 2004|title=Interview with Eric H. Holder, Jr.|work=Oral history project|publisher=The History Makers|format=Interview|url=http://www.thehistorymakers.com/programs/dvl/files/Holder_Ericf.html|url-status=dead|access-date=November 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221232555/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/programs/dvl/files/Holder_Ericf.html|archive-date=December 21, 2008}}</ref> The university has also educated 29 foreign [[Head of state|heads of state]], including president of Georgia [[Mikheil Saakashvili]], president of East Timor [[José Ramos-Horta]], president of Estonia [[Toomas Hendrik Ilves]] and other historical figures such as [[Wellington Koo]], [[Radovan Karadžić]], [[Gaston Eyskens]], and [[T. V. Soong]]. One of the founding fathers of modern India and the prime architect of the Constitution of India, [[B. R. Ambedkar]], was an alumnus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alumnus, Author of Indian Constitution Honored|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol21/vol21_iss9/record2109.21.html|website=www.columbia.edu|access-date=November 9, 2011|archive-date=August 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825141748/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol21/vol21_iss9/record2109.21.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/bhimrao_ambedkar.html | title=Bhimrao Ambedkar }}</ref>

Alumni of Columbia have occupied top positions in Wall Street and the rest of the business world. Notable members of the [[Astor family]]<ref>{{cite news|date=August 24, 1890|title=Letters To The Editor; The Interesting Career Of John Jacob Astor Ii. A Man Of Broad And Generous Sympathies Who Appreciated The Responsibilities Of Wealth|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1890/08/24/archives/letters-to-the-editor-the-interesting-career-of-john-jacob-astor-ii.html|access-date=April 14, 2011|archive-date=June 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617065754/https://www.nytimes.com/1890/08/24/archives/letters-to-the-editor-the-interesting-career-of-john-jacob-astor-ii.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Cuyler|url=https://archive.org/details/genealogicalfami00reyn|title=Genealogical and family history of southern New York and the Hudson River Valley|publisher=Lewis Historical Pub. Co.|year=1914|page=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalfami00reyn/page/1263 1263]|quote=William Waldorf Astor columbia law school.|access-date=April 16, 2011}}</ref> attended Columbia, while other business graduates include investor [[Warren Buffett]],<ref>{{cite news|date=March 1, 2011|title=World's Billionaires: Warren Buffett|work=[[Forbes]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/warren-buffett|access-date=April 12, 2011|archive-date=January 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105085138/https://www.forbes.com/profile/warren-buffett/|url-status=live}}</ref> former CEO of PBS and NBC [[Lawrence K. Grossman]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Murray|first=Michael|title=Encyclopedia of Television News|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|year=1999|isbn=978-1-57356-108-2}}<!--| access-date= April 16, 2011--></ref> chairman of [[Walmart]] [[S. Robson Walton]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Serwer|first=Andy|date=November 15, 2004|title=The Waltons: Inside America's Richest Family|website=Fortune.com|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/11/15/8191093/index.htm|access-date=April 12, 2011|archive-date=March 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316084204/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/11/15/8191093/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bain Capital]] Co-Managing Partner, [[Jonathan Lavine]],<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 15, 2017|title=Bain to Manage Harvard Endowment's $3.4 Billion of Real Estate|language=en|website=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-15/bain-to-manage-harvard-endowment-s-3-4-billion-of-real-estate|access-date=January 26, 2018|archive-date=January 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084105/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-15/bain-to-manage-harvard-endowment-s-3-4-billion-of-real-estate|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Columbia College awards highest honor to Jonathan S. Lavine, CC '88 – Columbia Daily Spectator|url=http://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2017/11/17/columbia-college-awards-highest-honor-to-jonathan-s-lavine-cc-88/|access-date=January 26, 2018|website=Columbiaspectator.com|archive-date=January 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118012826/http://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2017/11/17/columbia-college-awards-highest-honor-to-jonathan-s-lavine-cc-88/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Thomson Reuters]] CEO [[Tom Glocer]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 22, 2010|title=Tom Glocer – Thomson Reuters|url=http://thomsonreuters.com/content/corporate/biographies/Tom_Glocer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722163219/http://thomsonreuters.com/content/corporate/biographies/Tom_Glocer|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 22, 2010|access-date=June 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Edmund|date=December 2, 2011|title=Thomson Reuters CEO Glocer Steps Down as Smith Takes Over|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-12-02/thomson-reuters-says-chief-executive-glocer-to-be-succeeded-by-james-smith|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=Bloomberg|archive-date=August 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817092215/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-12-02/thomson-reuters-says-chief-executive-glocer-to-be-succeeded-by-james-smith|url-status=live}}</ref> [[New York Stock Exchange]] president [[Lynn Martin (banker)|Lynn Martin]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kramer |first=Farrell |date=December 6, 2021 |title=New NYSE President Lynn Martin Brings Tech Background to the Big Board |url=https://www.nyse.com/taking-stock/lynn-martin-brings-tech-background-to-the-big-board |access-date=June 8, 2022 |website=New York Stock Exchange |language=en |archive-date=June 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608201018/https://www.nyse.com/taking-stock/lynn-martin-brings-tech-background-to-the-big-board |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[AllianceBernstein]] Chairman and CEO [[Lewis A. Sanders]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 9, 2009|title=Executive outflow may hit AllianceBernstein|url=https://www.pionline.com/article/20090309/PRINT/303099978/executive-outflow-may-hit-alliancebernstein|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=Pensions & Investments|language=en|archive-date=February 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223195359/https://www.pionline.com/article/20090309/PRINT/303099978/executive-outflow-may-hit-alliancebernstein|url-status=live}}</ref> CEO's of top Fortune 500 companies include [[James P. Gorman]] of [[Morgan Stanley]],<ref>The Age (2009). [http://www.theage.com.au/business/melbourneraised-gorman-new-chief-of-morgan-stanley-20090911-fkw8.html Melbourne-raised Gorman new chief of Morgan Stanley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115070650/http://www.theage.com.au/business/melbourneraised-gorman-new-chief-of-morgan-stanley-20090911-fkw8.html |date=January 15, 2021 }}. Retrieved September 13, 2009.</ref> [[Robert J. Stevens]] of [[Lockheed Martin]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert J. Stevens|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/aboutus/leadership/bios/stevens.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503062237/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/aboutus/leadership/bios/stevens.html|archive-date=May 3, 2011|access-date=April 16, 2011|publisher=Lockheed Martin}}</ref> [[Philippe Dauman]] of [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Business Profile: Philippe P. Dauman|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=312188&ticker=VIA:US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011210225/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=312188&ticker=VIA:US|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 11, 2011|access-date=April 16, 2011|publisher=Bloomberg Business}}</ref> [[Robert Bakish]] of [[Paramount Global]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=At CES, Viacom CEO Bob Bakish Highlights Transformation and Opportunities|url=https://www.viacomcbs.com/news/company-news/viacom-bob-bakish-ces|access-date=July 7, 2021|website=ViacomCBS|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184450/https://www.viacomcbs.com/news/company-news/viacom-bob-bakish-ces|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ViacomCBS {{!}} 2021 Fortune 500|url=https://fortune.com/company/cbs/fortune500/|access-date=July 7, 2021|website=Fortune|language=en|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183806/https://fortune.com/company/cbs/fortune500/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ursula Burns]] of [[Xerox]],<ref>{{cite magazine|date=May 22, 2009|title=Xerox's next CEO: Ursula Burns|url=http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2009/05/22/xeroxs-next-ceo-ursula-burns/|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708172221/http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2009/05/22/xeroxs-next-ceo-ursula-burns/|archive-date=July 8, 2011|access-date=April 16, 2011}}</ref> [[Devin Wenig]] of [[EBay]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 11, 2019|title=Secrets of their success: Fortune 500 CEOs discuss Union, influences and dealing with setbacks|url=https://www.union.edu/news/stories/201905/Secrets-of-their-success-Fortune-500-CEOs-discuss-Union-influences-and-dealing-with-setbacks|access-date=July 7, 2021|website=Union College|language=en|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190237/https://www.union.edu/news/stories/201905/Secrets-of-their-success-Fortune-500-CEOs-discuss-Union-influences-and-dealing-with-setbacks|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Vikram Pandit]] of [[Citigroup]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Office of the Secretary of The University|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/secretary/bios/pandit/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029053249/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/secretary/bios/pandit/index.html|archive-date=October 29, 2010|access-date=April 15, 2011|publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> [[Ralph Izzo]] of [[Public Service Enterprise Group]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Jersey Companies, Education & Workforce Profile {{!}} Choose NJ|url=https://www.choosenj.com/new-jerseys-assets/stats-and-facts/new-jersey-profile/|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=Choose New Jersey, Inc.|language=en-US|archive-date=July 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726123214/https://www.choosenj.com/new-jerseys-assets/stats-and-facts/new-jersey-profile/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ralph Izzo, chairman of the board, President & CEO|url=https://corporate.pseg.com/aboutpseg/leadershipandgovernance/executiveofficers/psegcompanyexecutive|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=corporate.pseg.com|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724110313/https://corporate.pseg.com/aboutpseg/leadershipandgovernance/executiveofficers/psegcompanyexecutive|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gail Koziara Boudreaux]] of [[Anthem (company)|Anthem]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 9, 2019|title=Here Are The 31 Powerful CEOs On The Fortune 500 With MBA Degrees|url=https://ceoworld.biz/2019/08/09/here-are-the-31-powerful-ceos-on-the-fortune-500-with-mba-degrees/|access-date=July 7, 2021|website=CEOWORLD magazine|language=en-US|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190932/https://ceoworld.biz/2019/08/09/here-are-the-31-powerful-ceos-on-the-fortune-500-with-mba-degrees/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Frank Blake (businessman)|Frank Blake]] of [[The Home Depot]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wacker|first=Menachem|date=June 26, 2012|title=Where the Fortune 500 CEOs Went to Law School|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/articles/2012/06/26/where-the-fortune-500-ceos-went-to-law-school|access-date=July 6, 2021|website=U.S. News & World Report|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185721/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/articles/2012/06/26/where-the-fortune-500-ceos-went-to-law-school|url-status=live}}</ref> Notable labor organizer and women's educator [[Louise Leonard McLaren]] received her degree of Master of Arts from Columbia.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sicherman|first1=Barbara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfGHM9KU7aEC&q=%22louise%20leonard%20mclaren%22%20colombia&pg=PA453|title=Notable American women : the modern period ; a biographical dictionary|last2=Green|first2=Carol Hurd|date=1993|publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press|isbn=978-0-674-62733-8|edition=6th pring.|location=Cambridge, Mass [u.a.]|page=453|access-date=March 17, 2015|archive-date=October 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030011829/https://books.google.com/books?id=CfGHM9KU7aEC&q=%22louise%20leonard%20mclaren%22%20colombia&pg=PA453#v=snippet&q=%22louise%20leonard%20mclaren%22%20colombia&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

In science and technology, Columbia alumni include: founder of [[IBM]] [[Herman Hollerith]];<ref>{{cite web|title=Herman Hollerith|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/builders/builders_hollerith.html|access-date=April 11, 2011|publisher=IBM|archive-date=November 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101131919/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/builders/builders_hollerith.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> inventor of [[FM broadcast|FM radio]] [[Edwin Armstrong]];<ref>{{cite web|author=Tsividis, Yannis|date=Spring 2002|title=Edwin Armstrong: Pioneer of the Airwaves|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/Magazine/Spring2002/Armstrong.html|access-date=April 15, 2011|work=Columbia Magazine|archive-date=November 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106173317/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/Magazine/Spring2002/Armstrong.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Francis Mechner]]; integral in development of the [[nuclear submarine]] [[Hyman G. Rickover|Hyman Rickover]];<ref>{{cite book|last=Allen|first=Thomas|title=Rickover: Father of the Nuclear Navy|publisher=Brassey's|year=2007|isbn=978-1-57488-704-4|page=12}}<!--| access-date= April 16, 2011--></ref> founder of [[Google China]] [[Kai-Fu Lee]];<ref>{{cite web|author=Richmond Ezer Escolar|date=June 11, 2008|title=Google Conquers China: An Interview with Kai-Fu Lee|url=http://www4.gsb.columbia.edu/chazen/journal/article/137235/Google+Conquers+China%3A+An+Interview+with+Kai-Fu+Lee|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404162252/http://www4.gsb.columbia.edu/chazen/journal/article/137235/Google%2BConquers%2BChina%3A%2BAn%2BInterview%2Bwith%2BKai-Fu%2BLee|archive-date=April 4, 2012|access-date=April 12, 2012|publisher=Columbia Business School Chazen Web Journal}}</ref> scientists [[Stephen Jay Gould]],<ref>Green, Michelle (1986). [http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/green_sjgould.html "Stephen Jay Gould: driven by a hunger to learn and to write".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003060040/http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/green_sjgould.html |date=October 3, 2018 }} ''People'' '''25''' (June 2): 109–114.</ref> [[Robert Millikan]],<ref>{{cite journal|author=David Goodstein|title=In the Case of Robert Andrews Millikan|url=http://www.its.caltech.edu/~dg/MillikanII.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010603113008/http://www.its.caltech.edu/~dg/MillikanII.pdf |archive-date=June 3, 2001 |url-status=live|journal=American Scientist|pages=54–60}}</ref> [[Helium–neon laser]] inventor [[Ali Javan]] and [[Mihajlo Pupin]];<ref>{{cite web|title=Michael Pupin|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/physics/about/main/one/michaelpupin.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109042332/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/physics/about/main/one/michaelpupin.html|archive-date=January 9, 2011|access-date=April 16, 2011|publisher=Columbia University: Department of Physics}}</ref> chief-engineer of the [[New York City Subway]], [[William Barclay Parsons]];<ref>{{cite web|title=William Barclay Parsons|url=http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/william_barclay_parsons.html|access-date=April 16, 2011|publisher=Columbia University|archive-date=March 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110325081007/http://www.c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/william_barclay_parsons.html|url-status=live}}</ref> philosophers [[Irwin Edman]]<ref name="Edman2011">{{cite web|title=Irwin Edman|url=http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/irwin_edman.html|access-date=April 16, 2011|publisher=Columbia University|archive-date=May 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525020504/http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/irwin_edman.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Robert Nozick]];<ref name="Edman2011"/> economist [[Milton Friedman]];<ref>{{cite web|title=Columbia University 250: Milton Friedman|url=http://www.c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/milton_friedman.html|access-date=April 16, 2011|archive-date=December 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223100942/http://www.c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/milton_friedman.html|url-status=live}}</ref> psychologist [[Harriet Babcock]];<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict02ogil|title=The biographical dictionary of women in science : pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century.|date=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-92039-1|editor1-last=Ogilvie|editor1-first=Marilyn|editor-link=Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie|location=New York, NY [u.a.]|page=65|editor2-last=Harvey|editor2-first=Joy|editor2-link=Joy Harvey|url-access=registration}}</ref> archaeologist [[Josephine Platner Shear]];<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=Local Express 10 December 1936 — Princeton Periodicals|url=https://theprince.princeton.edu/princetonperiodicals/cgi-bin/princetonperiodicals?a=d&d=LocalExpress19361210-01.2.24&srpos=23&e=-------en-20--21-byDA-txt-txIN-------|access-date=August 26, 2021|website=theprince.princeton.edu}}</ref> and sociologists [[Lewis A. Coser]] and [[Rose Laub Coser]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Saxon|first=Wolfgang|title=Rose L. Coser, 78; Taught Sociology At Stony Brook|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 24, 1994 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/24/obituaries/rose-l-coser-78-taught-sociology-at-stony-brook.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Vromen|first=Suzanne|title=Rose Laub Coser|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/coser-rose-laub|website=Jwa.org}}</ref>

Many Columbia alumni have gone on to renowned careers in the arts, including composers [[Richard Rodgers]],<ref>Rodgers, Richard. ''Musical Stages: An Autobiography'' (2002 Reissue), pp. 12, 20–21, 44. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. {{ISBN|0-306-81134-0}}</ref> [[Oscar Hammerstein II]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Hischak|first=Thomas|title=The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|year=2007|isbn=978-0-313-34140-3|location=Westport, CT|page=9}}</ref> [[Lorenz Hart]],<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/hart_l.html Hughson Mooney, "Lorenz Hart"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901102124/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/hart_l.html|date=September 1, 2012}}, PBS, Excerpted from the ''DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY, SUPPLEMENT 3'': 1941–1945. American Council of Learned Societies, 1973. Reprinted by permission of the American Council of Learned Societies, retrieved April 18, 2011</ref> and [[Art Garfunkel]];<ref>Herman, Jan (February 6, 1977). [http://www.artgarfunkel.com/articles/gannett.html "TV Makes You Famous; Rock 'n Roll Makes You Rich"]. ''[[Gannett News Service]]''.</ref> and painter [[Georgia O'Keeffe]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Georgia O'Keeffe|url=https://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/georgia_okeeffe.html|access-date=July 4, 2021|website=c250.columbia.edu}}</ref> Five United States [[Poet Laureate]]s received their degrees from Columbia. Columbia alumni have made an indelible mark in the field of American poetry and literature, with such people as [[Jack Kerouac]] and [[Allen Ginsberg]], pioneers of the [[Beat Generation]];<ref>''Literature Resource Center'': [http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1410002462&v=2.1&u=iuclassb&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w&asid=468444b0b09aacc2b7192350d1606bb6 "The Beat Generation"]. Retrieved November 13, 2013.</ref> and [[Langston Hughes]] and [[Zora Neale Hurston]], seminal figures in the [[Harlem Renaissance]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Columbia University 250: Langston Hughes|url=http://www.c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/langston_hughes.html|access-date=April 17, 2011|publisher=Columbia University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zora Neale Hurston|url=https://www.c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/zora_hurston.html|access-date=July 4, 2021|website=www.c250.columbia.edu}}</ref> all having attended the university. Other notable writers who attended Columbia include authors [[Isaac Asimov]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Columbia University 250: Isaac Asimov|url=http://www.c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/isaac_asimov.html|access-date=April 17, 2011|publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> [[J.D. Salinger]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Alexander|first=Paul|url=https://archive.org/details/salingerbiograph00alex|title=Salinger: A Biography|publisher=Renaissance|year=1999|isbn=978-1-58063-080-1|location=Los Angeles}}</ref> [[Upton Sinclair]],<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'': [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/545642/Upton-Sinclair "Upton Sinclair"]. Retrieved April 15, 2011.</ref> [[Ursula K. Le Guin]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ursula K. Le Guin — Biography|url=https://www.ursulakleguin.com/biography|access-date=July 4, 2021|website=Ursula K. Le Guin|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Danielle Valore Evans]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Award winning writer Danielle Evans featured in Southeastern's 'Common Read' program|url=http://www.southeastern.edu/news_media/news_releases/2017/march/common_read_evans.html|access-date=March 23, 2017|publisher=Southeastern Louisiana University}}</ref> and [[Hunter S. Thompson]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Hunter|title=The Proud Highway: Saga of a Desperate Southern Gentleman|publisher=[[Ballantine Books]]|year=1998|isbn=978-0-345-37796-8|editor=Douglas Brinkley|edition=1st|page=139|author-link=Hunter Thompson}}</ref> In architecture, [[William Lee Stoddart]], a prolific architect of [[Eastern United States|U.S. East Coast]] hotels, is an alumnus.<ref name="NYT-Obituary">{{cite news | first= Brooks| last= Barnes| title=William L. Stoddart, A Hotel Architect (Obituary) | date=October 3, 1940 | url =https://www.nytimes.com | work =The New York Times | page =25 | accessdate = October 25, 2008 }}</ref>

University alumni have also been very prominent in the film industry, with 33 alumni and former students winning a combined 43 [[Academy Awards]] ({{as of|2011|lc=yes}}).<ref name="Columbia Arts Alumni2" /> Some notable Columbia alumni that have gone on to work in film include directors [[Sidney Lumet]] (''[[12 Angry Men (1957 film)|12 Angry Men]]'')<ref>{{cite news|date=April 9, 2011|title=Film Obituaries; Sidney Lumet|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/film-obituaries/8440445/Sidney-Lumet.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/film-obituaries/8440445/Sidney-Lumet.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=April 16, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and [[Kathryn Bigelow]] (''[[The Hurt Locker]]''),<ref>{{cite web|date=February 22, 2010|title=School of the Arts Alumna Kathryn Bigelow Wins Major British Film Award|url=http://news.columbia.edu/oncampus/1932|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724084931/http://news.columbia.edu/oncampus/1932|archive-date=July 24, 2011|access-date=April 16, 2011|publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> screenwriters [[Howard Koch (screenwriter)|Howard Koch]] (''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'')<ref>{{cite news|author=Gussow, Mel|date=August 18, 1995|title=Howard Koch, a Screenwriter For 'Casablanca,' Dies at 93|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/18/obituaries/howard-koch-a-screenwriter-for-casablanca-dies-at-93.html|access-date=April 11, 2011}}</ref> and [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]] (''[[All About Eve]]''),<ref>{{cite news|last=Flint|first=Peter|date=February 6, 1993|title=Joseph L. Mankiewicz, Literate Skeptic of the Cinema, Dies at 83.|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5D9113AF935A35751C0A965958260|access-date=April 11, 2011}}</ref> and actors [[James Cagney]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Flint |first=Peter |date=March 31, 1986 |title=JAMES CAGNEY IS DEAD AT 86; MASTER OF PUGNACIOUS GRACE |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/31/obituaries/james-cagney-is-dead-at-86-master-of-pugnacious-grace.html |access-date=August 28, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[Ed Harris]] and [[Timothée Chalamet]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Sandra Brennan|date=2012|title=Ed Harris: Full Biography|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/30614/Ed-Harris/biography|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217022013/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/30614/Ed-Harris/biography|archive-date=February 17, 2012|access-date=April 17, 2011|work=[[The New York Times]]|department=Movies & TV Dept.}}</ref><gallery class="center" mode="nolines" caption="Notable Columbia University alumni include:">
File:Alexander Hamilton portrait by John Trumbull 1806.jpg|[[Alexander Hamilton]]: [[Founding Father of the United States]]; author of ''[[The Federalist Papers]]''; first [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]] — King's College
File:John Jay (Gilbert Stuart portrait).jpg|[[John Jay]]: Founding Father of the United States; author of ''The Federalist Papers''; first [[Chief Justice of the United States]]; second [[Governor of New York]] — King's College
File:Robert R Livingston, attributed to Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828).jpg|[[Robert R. Livingston (chancellor)|Robert R. Livingston]]: Founding Father of the United States; drafter of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]]; first [[United States Secretary of State|United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs]] — King's College
File:Gouverneur Morris.jpg|[[Gouverneur Morris]]: Founding Father of the United States; author of the [[United States Constitution]]; [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from [[List of United States Senators from New York|New York]] — King's College
File:DeWitt Clinton by Rembrandt Peale.jpg|[[DeWitt Clinton]]: [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from New York; sixth [[Governor of New York]]; responsible for construction of [[Erie Canal]] — Columbia College
File:President Barack Obama.jpg|[[Barack Obama]]: 44th [[President of the United States]]; United States Senator from [[List of United States Senators from Illinois|Illinois]]; [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel laureate]] — Columbia College
File:FDR in 1933.jpg|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]: 32nd President of the United States; 44th Governor of New York — Columbia Law School
File:President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904.jpg|[[Theodore Roosevelt]]: 26th President of the United States; 25th Vice President of the United States; 33rd Governor of New York; Nobel laureate – Columbia Law School
File:Wellington Koo 1945.jpg|[[Wellington Koo]]: acting [[President of the Republic of China]]; judge of the [[International Court of Justice]] — Columbia College, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar.jpg|[[B. R. Ambedkar]]: [[List of national founders#Modern|Founding Father of India]]; architect of the [[Constitution of India]]; First [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Minister of Law and Justice]] — Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Ruth Bader Ginsburg official SCOTUS portrait.jpg|[[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]]: [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] — Columbia Law School
File:Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch Official Portrait.jpg|[[Neil Gorsuch]]: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States — Columbia College
File:Charles Evans Hughes cph.3b15401.jpg|[[Charles Evans Hughes]]: 11th [[Chief Justice of the United States]]; 44th United States Secretary of State; 35th Governor of New York — Columbia Law School
File:Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone photograph circa 1927-1932 (cropped).jpg|[[Harlan F. Stone|Harlan Fiske Stone]]: 12th Chief Justice of the United States; 52nd [[United States Attorney General]] — Columbia Law School
File:William Barr.jpg|[[William Barr]]: 77th and 85th United States Attorney General – Columbia College, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Hamilton Fish Brady Edited.jpg|[[Hamilton Fish]]: 26th [[United States Secretary of State]]; United States Senator from New York; 16th Governor of New York — Columbia College
File:Secalbright.jpg|[[Madeleine Albright]]: 64th United States Secretary of State; first female Secretary of State — School of International and Public Affairs
File:Frances Perkins cph.3a04983.jpg|[[Frances Perkins]]: fourth [[United States Secretary of Labor]]; first female member of any [[Cabinet of the United States|U.S. Cabinet]] — Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Robert Andrews Millikan 1920s.jpg|[[Robert A. Millikan]]: Nobel laureate; measured the [[elementary electric charge]] — Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:II Rabi.jpg|[[Isidor Isaac Rabi]]: Nobel Laureate; discovered [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] — Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Schwinger.jpg|[[Julian S. Schwinger]]: Nobel laureate; pioneer of [[quantum field theory]] — Columbia College, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Portrait of Milton Friedman.jpg|[[Milton Friedman]]: Nobel laureate, leading member of the [[Chicago school of economics]] — Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Simon Kuznets 1971b.jpg|[[Simon Kuznets]]: Nobel laureate; invented concept of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]; Milton Friedman's doctoral advisor — School of General Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Alan Greenspan color photo portrait.jpg|[[Alan Greenspan]]: 13th [[Chair of the Federal Reserve]] — Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Warren Buffett KU Visit.jpg|[[Warren Buffett]]: CEO of [[Berkshire Hathaway]]; one of the [[Forbes list of billionaires|world's wealthiest people]] — Columbia Business School
File:Hollerith.jpg|[[Herman Hollerith]]: inventor; co-founder of [[IBM]] – School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
File:Robert Kraft at Patriots at Raiders 12-14-08.JPG|[[Robert Kraft]]: billionaire; owner of the [[New England Patriots]]; chairman and CEO of the [[Kraft Group]] — Columbia College
File:Rodgers.jpg|[[Richard Rodgers]]: legendary [[Emmy Award|Emmy]], [[Grammy Award|Grammy]], [[Academy Awards|Oscar]], and [[Tony Award|Tony]] [[List of people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards#Richard Rodgers|award-winning]] composer; Pulitzer Prize winner — Columbia College
File:LangstonHughes crop.jpg|[[Langston Hughes]]: [[Harlem Renaissance]] poet, novelist, and playwright — School of Engineering and Applied Science
File:Zora Neale Hurston.jpg|[[Zora Neale Hurston]]: Harlem Renaissance author, anthropologist, and filmmaker — Barnard College, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:Allen Ginsberg 1979 - cropped.jpg|[[Allen Ginsberg]]: poet; founder of the [[Beat Generation]] — Columbia College
File:Kerouac by Palumbo 2 (cropped).png|[[Jack Kerouac]]: poet; founder of the Beat Generation — Columbia College
File:Isaac.Asimov01.jpg|[[Isaac Asimov]]: science fiction writer; biochemist — School of General Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
File:J. D. Salinger (Catcher in the Rye portrait).jpg|[[J. D. Salinger]]: novelist, ''[[The Catcher in the Rye]]'' — School of General Studies
File:Amelia Earhart 1935.jpg|[[Amelia Earhart]]: first [[Women in aviation|female aviator]] to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean — School of General Studies
File:Jake Gyllenhaal (22373266462) (cropped 2).jpg|[[Jake Gyllenhaal]]: actor and film producer — Columbia College
File:Timothée Chalamet-63481.jpg|[[Timothée Chalamet|Timothee Chalamet]]: actor, [[Call Me by Your Name (film)|''Call Me By Your Name'']], [[Dune (2021 film)|''Dune'']], ''[[A Complete Unknown]]'', [[Wonka (film)|''Wonka'']] — Columbia College 
</gallery>

=== Faculty ===
As of 2021, Columbia employs 4,381 faculty, including 70 members of the [[National Academy of Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search Results - Columbia University |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/search.jsp?query=Columbia+University&includeSubfolders=true&folderID=362872209&typeID=934380820&page=1|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=National Academy of Sciences }}</ref> 178 members of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Member Directory - Columbia University |url=https://www.amacad.org/directory?field_affiliation=Columbia%20University&field_class_section=All&field_class_section_1=All&field_deceased=1&sort_bef_combine=field_election_year_DESC&sort_by=field_election_year&sort_order=DESC|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=American Academy of Arts and Sciences }}</ref> and 65 members of the [[National Academy of Medicine]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Directory|url=https://nam.edu/directory/|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=National Academy of Medicine|language=en-US}}</ref> In total, the Columbia faculty has included 52 [[Nobel Prize|Nobel laureates]], 12 [[National Medal of Science]] recipients,<ref>{{Cite web|title=The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Search Results {{!}} NSF – National Science Foundation|url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/results.jsp|access-date=July 2, 2021|website=www.nsf.gov}}</ref> and 32 [[National Academy of Engineering]] members.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Members Directory|url=https://nae.edu/20412/MemberDirectory|access-date=July 2, 2021|website=NAE Website}}</ref>

Columbia University faculty played particularly important roles during [[World War II]] and the creation of the [[New Deal]] under President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], who attended Columbia Law School. The three core members of Roosevelt's [[Brain trust#Roosevelt's "Brain Trust"|Brain Trust]]: [[Adolf A. Berle]], [[Raymond Moley]], and [[Rexford Tugwell]], were law professors at Columbia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brain Trust {{!}} United States history|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brain-Trust|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> The [[The Statistical Research Group of World War II|Statistical Research Group]], which used statistics to analyze military problems during World War II, was composed of Columbia researchers and faculty including [[George Stigler]] and [[Milton Friedman]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=CHAPTER 35 – The Statistical Research Group of World War II – The Flaw of Averages: Why We Underestimate Risk in the Face of Uncertainty [Book]|url=https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/the-flaw-of/9780470488126/sava_9780470488126_oeb_c35_r1.html|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=www.oreilly.com|language=en}}</ref> Columbia faculty and researchers, including [[Enrico Fermi]], [[Leo Szilard]], [[Eugene T. Booth]], [[John R. Dunning]], [[George B. Pegram]], [[Walter Zinn]], [[Chien-Shiung Wu]], [[Francis G. Slack]], [[Harold Urey]], [[Herbert L. Anderson]], and [[Isidor Isaac Rabi]], also played a significant role during the early phases of the [[Manhattan Project]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Columbia University|url=https://www.manhattanprojectvoices.org/location/columbia-university|access-date=June 29, 2021|website=www.manhattanprojectvoices.org|language=en}}</ref>

Following the rise of [[Nazi Germany]], the exiled [[University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research|Institute for Social Research]] at [[Goethe University Frankfurt]] would affiliate itself with Columbia from 1934 to 1950.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frankfurt School {{!}} History, Features, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Frankfurt-School|access-date=July 10, 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> It was during this period that thinkers including [[Theodor W. Adorno|Theodor Adorno]], [[Max Horkheimer]], and [[Herbert Marcuse]] wrote and published some of the most seminal works of the [[Frankfurt School]], including ''[[Reason and Revolution]]'', ''[[Dialectic of Enlightenment]]'', and [[Eclipse of Reason (Horkheimer)|''Eclipse of Reason'']].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Corradetti|first=Claudio|title=Frankfurt School and Critical Theory {{!}} Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|url=https://iep.utm.edu/frankfur/|access-date=July 10, 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> Professors [[Edward Said]], author of [[Orientalism (book)|''Orientalism'']], and [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak|Gayatri Spivak]] are generally considered as founders of the field of [[postcolonialism]];<ref>Robert Young, ''White Mythologies: Writing History and the West'', New York & London: Routledge, 1990.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Paulson|first=Steve|date=July 29, 2016|title=Critical Intimacy: An Interview with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak|url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/critical-intimacy-interview-gayatri-chakravorty-spivak/|url-status=live|access-date=January 13, 2022|website=Los Angeles Review of Books|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026174334/https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/critical-intimacy-interview-gayatri-chakravorty-spivak/ |archive-date=October 26, 2016 }}</ref> other professors that have significantly contributed to the field include [[Hamid Dabashi]] and [[Joseph Massad]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 28, 2018|title=Hamid Dabashi|url=https://mesaas.columbia.edu/faculty-directory/hamid-dabashi/|access-date=January 13, 2022|website=MESAAS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 28, 2018|title=Joseph Massad|url=https://mesaas.columbia.edu/faculty-directory/joseph-massad/|access-date=January 13, 2022|website=MESAAS|language=en-US}}</ref> The works of professors [[Kimberlé Crenshaw]], [[Patricia J. Williams]], and [[Kendall Thomas]] were foundational to the field of [[critical race theory]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2021|title=What Is Critical Race Theory, and Why Is Everyone Talking About It?|url=https://news.columbia.edu/news/what-critical-race-theory-and-why-everyone-talking-about-it-0|url-status=live|access-date=January 13, 2022|website=Columbia News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701142314/https://news.columbia.edu/news/what-critical-race-theory-and-why-everyone-talking-about-it-0 |archive-date=July 1, 2021 }}</ref>

Columbia and its affiliated faculty have also made significant contributions to the study of religion. The affiliated Union Theological Seminary is a center of [[liberal Christianity]] in the United States, having served as the birthplace of [[Black theology]] through the efforts of faculty including [[James H. Cone]] and [[Cornel West]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=April 28, 2018 |title=In Memoriam: Dr. James Hal Cone |url=https://utsnyc.edu/james-cone/ |access-date=August 13, 2022 |website=Union Theological Seminary |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cornel West |url=https://utsnyc.edu/faculty/cornel-west/ |access-date=August 13, 2022 |website=Union Theological Seminary |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Womanist theology]], through the works of [[Katie Cannon]], [[Emilie Townes]], and [[Delores S. Williams]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 15, 2018 |title=In Memoriam: The Rev. Dr. Katie Geneva Cannon |url=https://utsnyc.edu/memoriam-cannon/ |access-date=August 13, 2022 |website=Union Theological Seminary |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=Emilie Townes named dean of Vanderbilt Divinity School |url=https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2012/12/28/emilie-townes-named-dean-of-vanderbilt-divinity-school/ |access-date=August 13, 2022 |website=Vanderbilt University |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty Emeriti/ae |url=https://utsnyc.edu/academics/faculty/emeritus/ |access-date=August 13, 2022 |website=Union Theological Seminary |language=en-US}}</ref> Likewise, the Jewish Theological Seminary of America was the birthplace of [[Conservative Judaism]] movement in the United States, which was founded and led by faculty members including [[Solomon Schechter]], [[Alexander Kohut]], and [[Louis Ginzberg]] in the early 20th century, and is a major center for Jewish studies in general.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Elazar |first1=Daniel J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Lg6BmMTZGIC |title=The Conservative Movement in Judaism: Dilemmas and Opportunities |last2=Geffen |first2=Rela Mintz |date=February 1, 2012 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-9202-4 |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref>

Other schools of thought in the humanities Columbia professors made significant contributions toward include the [[Dunning School]], founded by [[William Archibald Dunning]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/how-radical-change-occurs-interview-historian-eric-foner/ |title="How Radical Change Occurs: An Interview With Historian Eric Foner" by Mike Konczal, February 3, 2015 |access-date=January 13, 2022 |archive-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222004741/https://www.thenation.com/article/how-radical-change-occurs-interview-historian-eric-foner/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SmithLoweryxi2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZL5fjiAqSgC&q=Jim+Crow+system&pg=PT11|title=The Dunning School: Historians, Race, and the Meaning of Reconstruction|date=October 18, 2013|publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]]|isbn=978-0-8131-4225-8|editor1-last=Smith|editor1-first=John David|editor1-link=John David Smith (historian)|location=Lexington, KY|page=xi|access-date=August 3, 2017|editor2-last=Lowery|editor2-first=J. Vincent|editor2-link=J. Vincent Lowery}}</ref> the anthropological schools of [[historical particularism]] and [[cultural relativism]], founded by [[Franz Boas]];<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tax|first=Sol|date=December 18, 2021|title=Franz Boas|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Boas|url-status=live|access-date=January 13, 2022|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617095732/https://www.britannica.com:80/biography/Franz-Boas |archive-date=June 17, 2015 }}</ref> and [[functional psychology]], whose founders and proponents include [[John Dewey]], [[James McKeen Cattell]], [[Edward L. Thorndike]], and [[Robert S. Woodworth]].<ref>Leahey, Thomas Hardy (2004). ''A History of Psychology: Main Currents in psychological thought''. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. {{ISBN|0-13-111447-6}}.</ref> 

Notable figures that have served as the [[president of Columbia University]] include [[List of presidents of the United States|34th]] [[President of the United States]] [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], [[List of vice presidents of the United States|4th]] [[Vice President of the United States]] [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]], [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] and [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from Connecticut [[William Samuel Johnson]], [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate [[Nicholas Murray Butler]], and [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] scholar [[Lee Bollinger]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Columbia University President Profiles |url=https://library.columbia.edu/libraries/cuarchives/presidents.html|access-date=June 18, 2021|website=Columbia University Libraries }}</ref>

Notable Columbia University faculty include [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]], [[Sonia Sotomayor]], [[Kimberlé Crenshaw]], [[Lee Bollinger]], [[Franz Boas]], [[Margaret Mead]], [[Edward Sapir]], [[John Dewey]], [[Charles A. Beard]], [[Max Horkheimer]], [[Herbert Marcuse]], [[Edward Said]], [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]], [[Orhan Pamuk]], [[Edwin Howard Armstrong]], [[Enrico Fermi]], [[Chien-Shiung Wu]], [[Tsung-Dao Lee]], [[Jack Steinberger]], [[Joachim Frank]], [[Joseph Stiglitz]], [[Jeffrey Sachs]], [[Robert Mundell]], [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]], [[Eric Kandel]], [[Richard Axel]], and [[Andrei Okounkov]].