Editing Cleveland (section)

=== Politics ===
The office of the mayor has been held by [[Justin Bibb]] since 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last=Castele |first=Nick |title=Justin Bibb sworn in as Cleveland's new mayor |publisher=Ideastream |url=https://www.ideastream.org/news/government-politics/2022-01-03/justin-bibb-sworn-in-as-clevelands-new-mayor |date=January 3, 2022 |access-date=August 8, 2023 }}</ref> Previous mayors include progressive Democrat Tom L. Johnson, [[World War I]]-era [[United States Secretary of War|War Secretary]] and [[BakerHostetler]] founder [[Newton D. Baker]], [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[Harold Hitz Burton]], two-term Ohio Governor and Senator [[Frank J. Lausche]], former U.S. Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary [[Anthony J. Celebrezze]], two-term Ohio Governor and Senator George V. Voinovich, former U.S. Congressman Dennis Kucinich, and [[Carl B. Stokes]], the first African American mayor of a major U.S. city. [[Frank G. Jackson]] was the city's longest-serving mayor.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vosburgh |first=Mark |title=Frank Jackson: Man, mayor and mystery |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2021/12/cleveland-mayor-frank-jackson-will-soon-leave-office-after-16-years-but-how-well-do-we-know-clevelands-longest-serving-leader.html |date=December 13, 2021 |access-date=July 16, 2023 }}</ref>

The President of Cleveland City Council is Blaine Griffin, the council [[Majority leader|Majority Leader]] is Kerry McCormack, and the [[Whip (politics)|Majority Whip]] is [[Jasmin Santana]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Leadership |publisher=Cleveland City Council |url=https://www.clevelandcitycouncil.org/council/leadership |access-date=June 17, 2022 }}</ref> Patricia Britt serves as the Clerk of Council.<ref>{{cite web |title=Clerk of Council |publisher=Cleveland City Council |url=https://www.clevelandcitycouncil.org/council/clerk-council |access-date=June 17, 2022 }}</ref>

Historically, from the Civil War era to the 1940s, Cleveland had been dominated by the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], with the notable exceptions of the Johnson and Baker mayoral administrations.<ref name="politics" /> Businessman and Senator [[Mark Hanna]] was among Cleveland's most influential Republican figures, both locally and nationally.{{sfn|Horner|2010|p=33}} Another nationally prominent Ohio Republican, former U.S. President [[James A. Garfield]], was born in Cuyahoga County's [[Defunct townships of Cuyahoga County, Ohio|Orange Township]] (today the Cleveland suburb of [[Moreland Hills, Ohio|Moreland Hills]]). His resting place is the [[James A. Garfield Memorial]] in Cleveland's [[Lake View Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Hardison |first=Ashley |title=James A. Garfield Memorial |website=Cleveland Historical |publisher=Cleveland State University |url=https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/400 |access-date=August 10, 2019 }}</ref>

Today Cleveland is a major stronghold for the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in Ohio. Although local elections are nonpartisan, Democrats still dominate every level of government.<ref name="politics" /> Politically, Cleveland and several of its neighboring suburbs comprise [[Ohio's congressional districts|Ohio]]'s [[Ohio's 11th congressional district|11th congressional district]]. The district is represented by [[Shontel Brown]], one of five Democrats representing the state of Ohio in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Eaton |first=Sabrina |title=U.S. Rep. Shontel Brown wins reelection in 11th congressional district |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2022/11/us-rep-shontel-brown-wins-reelection-in-11th-congressional-district.html |date=November 8, 2022 |access-date=May 24, 2023 }}</ref>

Cleveland has hosted three Republican [[United States presidential nominating convention|national conventions]], in [[1924 Republican National Convention|1924]], [[1936 Republican National Convention|1936]], and [[2016 Republican National Convention|2016]].<ref>{{cite news |title=2016 Republican Convention in Cleveland: 5 Things to Know |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/2966830/2016-republican-convention-cleveland/ |date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 7, 2019 }}</ref> Additionally, the city hosted the Radical Republican [[Radical Democracy Party (United States)#Cleveland convention|convention of 1864]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Cleveland Convention |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/cleveland-convention |access-date=August 7, 2019 |date=May 11, 2018 }}</ref> Although Cleveland has not hosted a national convention for the Democrats, it has hosted several national election debates, including the [[1980 United States presidential debates#Second presidential debate (Music Hall)|second 1980 U.S. presidential debate]], the [[2004 United States presidential debates#October 5: Vice presidential debate (Case Western Reserve University)|2004 U.S. vice presidential debate]], one [[2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums#February 26, 2008 - MSNBC 9:00pm EST - Cleveland, Ohio, Cleveland State University|2008 Democratic primary debate]], and the [[2020 United States presidential debates#September 29 presidential debate (Case Western Reserve University)|first 2020 U.S. presidential debate]].<ref name="debates">{{cite news |last=Bamforth |first=Emily |title=First 2020 presidential debate will be in Cleveland |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2020/07/first-2020-presidential-debate-will-be-in-cleveland-cleveland-clinic-and-case-western-reserve-university-to-host.html |date=July 27, 2020 |access-date=July 28, 2020 }}</ref> Founded in 1912, the [[City Club of Cleveland]] provides a platform for national and local debates and discussions. Known as Cleveland's "Citadel of Free Speech", it is one of the oldest continuous independent free speech and debate forums in the country.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=City Club of Cleveland |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/city-club-cleveland |date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mission & Vision |publisher=[[City Club of Cleveland]] |url=https://www.cityclub.org/about |access-date=August 8, 2019 }}</ref>