Editing Bordeaux (section)

== Attractions and tourism ==

[[File:Bordeaux place de la bourse with tram.JPG|300px|thumb|[[Place de la Bourse]] at night with the [[Miroir d'eau]] and tram]]
In October 2021, Bordeaux was shortlisted for the [[European Commission]]'s 2022 European Capital of Smart Tourism award along with [[Copenhagen]], [[Dublin]], [[Florence]], [[Ljubljana]], [[Palma de Mallorca]], and [[Valencia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 European Capital of Smart Tourism – Competition winners 2022 |url=https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/cities/competition-winners-2022_en |website=European Commission |date=2 October 2021 |access-date=8 November 2022 |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107212251/https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/cities/competition-winners-2022_en |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Heritage and architecture ===
Bordeaux is classified "City of Art and History". The city is home to 362 ''[[monuments historiques]]'' (national heritage sites), with some buildings dating back to Roman times. Bordeaux, [[Port of the Moon]], has been inscribed on [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage List]] as "an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble".{{cn|date=November 2024}}

Bordeaux is home to one of Europe's biggest 18th-century architectural urban areas, making it a sought-after destination for tourists and cinema production crews. It stands out as one of the first French cities, after [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], to have entered an era of [[urbanism]] and metropolitan big scale projects, with the team Gabriel father and son, architects for King [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]], under the supervision of two intendants (Governors), first [[Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur]] then the Marquis de Tourny.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

Saint-André Cathedral, Saint-Michel Basilica and Saint-Seurin Basilica are part of the [[World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France]]. The organ in [[Saint-Louis-des-Chartrons]] is registered on the French [[monuments historiques]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orgue de tribune : partie instrumentale de l'orgue |url=https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/palissy/PM33001025 |access-date=26 February 2021 |website=www.pop.culture.gouv.fr |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227183606/https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/palissy/PM33001025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Notable historic buildings include:{{cn|date=November 2024}}
* ''[[Place de la Bourse]]'' (1735–1755), designed by the Royal architect [[Jacques Gabriel]] as landscape for an [[equestrian statue]] of Louis XV, now replaced by the ''Fountain of the Three Graces''.
* ''[[Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux|Grand Théâtre]]'' (1780), a large neoclassical theater built in the 18th century.
* ''Allées de Tourny''
* ''Cours de l'Intendance''
* ''Place du Chapelet''
* ''Place du Parlement''
* ''[[Place des Quinconces]]'', the largest square in France.
* ''Monument aux Girondins''
* ''Place Saint-Pierre''
* ''[[Pont de pierre (Bordeaux)|Pont de pierre]]'' (1822)
* ''[[Bordeaux Cathedral]] (Saint André)'', consecrated by [[Pope Urban II]] in 1096 and dedicated to the Apostle Saint Andrew. Of the original Romanesque edifice only a wall in the nave remains. The Royal Door is from the early 13th century, while the rest of the construction is mostly from the 14th and 15th centuries.
* ''[[Tour Pey-Berland]]'' (1440–1450), a massive, quadrangular Gothic tower annexed to the cathedral.
* ''[[Église Sainte-Croix|Sainte-Croix church]]'': This church, dedicated to the Holy Cross, stands on the site of a seventh-century abbey destroyed by the Saracens. Rebuilt under the Carolingians, it was again destroyed by the Normans in 845 and 864. The present building was erected and was built in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. The façade is in [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque style]].
* The Gothic ''[[Basilica of St. Michael, Bordeaux|Saint Michel Basilica]]'', constructed between the end of the 14th century and the 16th century.
* [[Basilica of Saint Severinus of Bordeaux|Basilica of Saint Severinus]], the oldest church in Bordeaux, built in the early sixth century on the site of a palaeo-Christian necropolis. It has an 11th-century [[portico]], while the [[apse]] and [[transept]] are from the 12th. The 13th-century nave has chapels from the 11th and the 14th centuries. The ancient crypt houses tombs of the Merovingian family.
* ''Église Saint-Pierre'', Gothic church
* ''Église Saint-Éloi'', Gothic church
* ''Église Saint-Bruno'', baroque church decorated with frescoes
* ''Église Notre-Dame'', baroque church
* ''Église Saint-Paul-Saint-François-Xavier'', baroque church
* ''[[Palais Rohan, Bordeaux|Palais Rohan]]'', once the archbishop's residence, now city hall
* {{illm|Palais Gallien|fr|lt=''Palais Gallien''}}, the remains of a late second-century [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[amphitheatre]]
* ''Porte Cailhau'', a medieval [[gatehouse]] in the old city walls.
* ''La Grosse Cloche'' (15th century), the second remaining gate in the medieval walls. It was the [[Bell tower|belfry]] of the old Town Hall. It consists of two {{convert|40|m|ft|0|adj=mid|abbr=off|-high}} circular towers and a central [[bell tower]] housing a [[bell (instrument)|bell]] weighing {{convert|7800|kg}}. The clock is from 1759.
* ''[[Great Synagogue of Bordeaux|Grande Synagogue]]'', completed 1882
* ''[[Sainte-Catherine Street (Bordeaux)|Rue Sainte-Catherine]]'', the longest pedestrian street in France
* ''Darwin ecosystem'', alternative place into former military barracks
* The [[BETASOM]] submarine base
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Le Palais Gallien vestige gallo-romain à Bordeaux.jpg|Palais Gallien
File:Cathédrale St André Bordeaux 3.jpg|[[Bordeaux Cathedral]] (Saint André)
File:Bordeaux Porte Cailhau R02.jpg|Porte Cailhau
File:Grand Théâtre Bordeaux.jpg|Grand Théâtre
File:Bordeaux Notre-Dame R01.jpg|The Notre Dame church
File:151 - Le Pont de Pierre - Bordeaux.jpg|[[Pont de pierre (Bordeaux)|Pont de Pierre]]
File:Bordeaux - Basilique Saint-Michel - Vue générale.jpg|[[Basilica of St. Michael, Bordeaux|Basilica of Saint Michel]]
File:Puerta de Burdeos.JPG|Grosse cloche
File:026 - Hôtel de ville Place Pey-Berland - Bordeaux.jpg|[[Palais Rohan, Bordeaux|Palais Rohan]] (town hall)
File:FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg|[[Église Sainte-Croix|Sainte-Croix church]]
File:Bordeaux Place du Parlement R01.jpg|Place du Parlement
File:Synagogue Bx 5.jpg|The [[Great Synagogue of Bordeaux|Grand Synagogue]]
File:Façades de deux ouvrages Art Déco du Quartier Lescure (Bordeaux).jpg|Facades of the [[Art déco]] district
File:Darwin - Magasin général.jpg|Darwin district
File:Basesousmarine.JPG|Submarine Pen
</gallery>

Contemporary buildings in contemporary architectural style include:
* [[Cité Frugès de Pessac|''Cité Frugès'']], district of [[Pessac]], built by [[Le Corbusier]], 1924–1926, listed as UNESCO heritage
* Fire Station, ''la Benauge'', Claude Ferret/Adrien Courtois/Yves Salier, 1951–1954
* Mériadeck district, 1960–70's
* ''[[Tribunal d'instance|Court of first instance]]'', [[Richard Rogers]], 1998
* CTBA, wood and furniture research center, A. Loisier, 1998
* Hangar 14 on the ''Quai des Chartrons'', 1999
* The Management Science faculty on the Bastide, Anne Lacaton/Jean-Philippe Vassal, 2006
* The ''[[Jardin botanique de la Bastide]]'', Catherine Mosbach/Françoise Hélène Jourda/[[Pascal Convert]], 2007
* The Nuyens School complex on the Bastide, Yves Ballot/Nathalie Franck, 2007
* Seeko'o Hotel on the Quai de Bacalan, King Kong architects, 2007
* [[Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux|Matmut Atlantique stadium]], [[Herzog & de Meuron]], 2015
* [[Cité du Vin]], XTU architects, Anouk Legendre & Nicolas Desmazières, 2016
* [[MECA of Bordeaux|MECA]], Maison de l'Économie Créative et de la culture de la Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine, [[Bjarke Ingels]], 2019
<gallery widths="200" heights="160">
File:Cité Frugès, Pessac 08.jpg|[[Cité Frugès de Pessac|''Cité Frugès'']], at [[Pessac]]
File:Bordeaux Meriadeck.JPG|Mériadeck district
File:Bordeaux Palais de Justice 23.JPG|Court of first instance
File:Seeko'o Hotel, Bordeaux, July 2014 (03).JPG|Seeko'o hotel
File:Cite du vin Bordeaux 2017 (37500642606).jpg|[[Cité du Vin]]
File:RB 20200222 Bordeaux-11.jpg|[[MECA of Bordeaux|MECA]]
</gallery>

=== Museums ===
* [[Musée des beaux-arts de Bordeaux|''Musée des Beaux-Arts'']] (''Fine arts museum''), one of the finest painting galleries in France with paintings by painter such as [[Tiziano]], [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]], [[Rubens]], [[Van Dyck]], [[Frans Hals]], [[Claude Lorrain|Claude]], [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin|Chardin]], [[Eugène Delacroix|Delacroix]], [[Renoir]], [[Seurat]], [[Odilon Redon|Redon]], [[Matisse]] and [[Picasso]].
* ''[[Musée d'Aquitaine]]'' (archeological and history museum)
* ''Musée du Vin et du Négoce'' (museum of the wine trade)
* {{lang|fr|[[Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design]]}} (museum of decorative arts and design)
* ''Musée d'Histoire Naturelle'' (natural history museum)
* ''Musée Mer Marine'' (Sea and Navy museum)
* ''[[Cité du Vin]]''
* ''[[CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux]]'' (modern art museum)
* ''[[Musée national des douanes]]'' (history of French customs)
* ''Bordeaux Patrimoine Mondial'' (architectural and heritage interpretation centre)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bordeaux-tourism.co.uk/cultural-heritage/bordeaux-world-heritage-cultural-heritage-centre.html |title=Bordeaux World Heritage, cultural heritage centre &#124; Bordeaux Tourism & Conventions |website=www.bordeaux-tourism.co.uk |access-date=7 January 2021 |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130162033/https://www.bordeaux-tourism.co.uk/cultural-heritage/bordeaux-world-heritage-cultural-heritage-centre.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Musée d'ethnologie'' (ethnology museum)
* ''Institut culturel [[Bernard Magrez]]'', modern and streetart museum into an 18th-century mansion
* Cervantez Institute (into the house of [[Francisco Goya|Goya]])
* [[:fr:Cap Sciences|''Cap Sciences'']]
* ''Centre Jean Moulin''
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Beaux arts bordeaux.jpg|[[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux|''Musée des Beaux-Arts'']]
File:Musée Aquitaine.JPG|''[[Musée d'Aquitaine]]''
File:Hôtel de Lalande - Musée des arts décoratifs et du design de Bordeaux.jpg|{{lang|fr|[[Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design]]}}
File:CAPC janvier 2018.jpg|''[[CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux]]''
File:Musée du vin et du négoce de Bordeaux (3).jpg|''Musée du vin et du négoce de Bordeaux''
</gallery>

=== Slavery memorials ===
Slavery was part of a growing drive for the city. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Bordeaux was an important [[Slave Trade|slave port]], which saw some 500 slave expeditions that cause the deportation of 150,000 Africans by Bordeaux shipowners.<ref>{{Cite book |last=François Hubert, Christian Block and Jacques de Cauna |title=Bordeaux in the 18th century: trans-Atlantic trading and slavery |publisher=Le Festin |year=2010 |isbn=978-2-36062-009-8 |location=Bordeaux}}</ref> Secondly, even though the "[[Triangular trade]]" represented only 5% of Bordeaux's wealth, the city's direct trade with the Caribbean, that accounted for the other 95%, concerns the colonial stuffs made by the slave (sugar, coffee, cocoa).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20190224-bordeaux-slavery-museum-seeks-change-narrative-slave-trade-past |title=Bordeaux museum working to change narrative on slavery past |date=24 February 2019 |website=RFI |access-date=7 January 2021 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029161157/https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20190224-bordeaux-slavery-museum-seeks-change-narrative-slave-trade-past |url-status=live}}</ref> And thirdly, in that same period, a major migratory movement by Aquitanians took place to the Caribbean colonies, with [[Saint-Domingue]] (now [[Haiti]]) being the most popular destination. 40% of the white population of the island came from [[Aquitaine]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jacques de Cauna |title=''L'Eldorado des Aquitains. Gascons, Basques et Béarnais aux Îles d'Amérique'' |publisher=Atlantica |year=1998 |isbn=978-2-84394-073-6 |location=Biarritz}}</ref> They prospered with [[Plantation economy|plantations]] incomes, until the [[Haitian Revolution|first slave revolts]] which concluded in 1848 in the final abolition of slavery in France.<ref name="musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr/en/article/bordeaux-18th-century-trans-atlantic-trading-and-slavery |title=Bordeaux in the 18th century: trans-Atlantic trading and slavery &#124; Le site officiel du musée d'Aquitaine |website=www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr |access-date=3 May 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925080028/http://www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr/en/article/bordeaux-18th-century-trans-atlantic-trading-and-slavery |url-status=live}}</ref>

A statue of [[Modeste Testas]], an Ethiopian woman who was enslaved by the Bordeaux-based Testas brothers was unveiled in 2019. She was trafficked by them from West Africa, to Philadelphia (where one of the brothers coerced her to have two children by him) and was ultimately freed and lived in Haiti. The bronze sculpture was created by the Haitian artists [[Woodly Caymitte]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Haiti – Memory : Bordeaux inaugurates the statue of a slave of the Haitian sculptor, C. Woodly – HaitiLibre.com : Haiti news 7/7 |url=https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-27707-haiti-memory-bordeaux-inaugurates-the-statue-of-a-slave-of-the-haitian-sculptor-c-woodly.html |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.haitilibre.com |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127141544/https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-27707-haiti-memory-bordeaux-inaugurates-the-statue-of-a-slave-of-the-haitian-sculptor-c-woodly.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

A number of traces and memorial sites are visible in the city. Moreover, in May 2009, the [[Museum of Aquitaine]] opened the spaces dedicated to "Bordeaux in the 18th century, trans-Atlantic trading and slavery". This work, richly illustrated with original documents, contributes to disseminate the state of knowledge on this question, presenting above all the facts and their chronology.<ref name="musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr" />

The region of Bordeaux was also the land of several prominent [[abolitionism|abolitionists]], as [[Montesquieu]], [[André-Daniel Laffon de Ladebat|Laffon de Ladébat]] and [[Elisée Reclus]]. Others were members of the [[Society of the Friends of the Blacks]] as the revolutionaries [[Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède|Boyer-Fonfrède]], [[Armand Gensonné|Gensonné]], [[Marguerite-Élie Guadet|Guadet]] and [[Jean-François Ducos|Ducos]].
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Bordeaux place de la Bourse mascaron visage africain.JPG|African face [[Mascaron (architecture)|mascaron]] on the [[place de la Bourse]]
File:Détail de la fresque du Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux.jpg|Allegory of Bordeaux and her wealth, including two African slaves, ceiling of the [[Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux|Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux]]
File:Salles consacrées à l'esclavage au Musée d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux.jpg|Spaces dedicated to slave trade, [[Musée d'Aquitaine]]
File:Statue-fétiche Fon-Musée d'Aquitaine (1).jpg|[[Fon people|Fon]] fetish, [[Musée d'Aquitaine]]
File:Buste en bronze de Toussaint Louverture, Bordeaux.jpg|Bronze bust of [[Toussaint Louverture]]
File:Statue de Modeste Testas, quai des Chartrons, Bordeaux.jpg|Bronze Statue of [[Modeste Testas]], Ethiopian woman enslaved by two Bordeaux plantation owners
</gallery>

=== Parks and gardens ===
* Jardin public de Bordeaux, which contains the [[Jardin botanique de Bordeaux]]
* [[Jardin botanique de la Bastide]]
* Parc bordelais
* Parc aux Angéliques
* Jardin des Lumières
* Parc Rivière
* Parc Floral

<gallery widths="200" heights="160">
File:Bordeaux Jardin Public R02.jpg|Jardin public
File:Jardin botanique de Bordeaux 7.jpg|[[Jardin botanique de la Bastide|Jardin botanique]]
File:Bordeaux Quai Louis XVIII R01.jpg|Jardin des Lumières
File:Parc floral de Bordeaux 3298.jpg|Parc floral, Casablanca pavilion
</gallery>

=== Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas ===
[[File:Bordeaux - Pont Chaban Delmas sur la Garonne.jpg|thumb|[[Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas|Chaban Delmas bridge]]]]
Europe's longest-span [[vertical-lift bridge]], the [[Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas]], was opened in 2013 in Bordeaux, spanning the River Garonne.{{cn|date=November 2024}} The central lift span is {{convert|117|m|ft|0|adj=mid|abbr=off|-long}}, weighs 4,600 tons and can be lifted vertically up to {{convert|53|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} to let tall ships pass underneath. The €160&nbsp;million bridge was inaugurated by President [[François Hollande]] and Mayor Alain Juppé on 16 March 2013. The bridge was named after the late [[Jacques Chaban-Delmas]], who was a former Prime Minister and [[Mayor (France)|Mayor]] of Bordeaux.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pont Jacques Chaban-Delmas |url=https://www.bordeaux.fr/l31034/pont-jacques-chaban-delmas |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Site officiel de la ville de Bordeaux |language=fr}}</ref>

=== Shopping ===
[[File:Rue Sainte Catherine - Bordeaux (FR33) - 2022-09-10 - 2.jpg|thumb|Rue Sainte-Catherine]]
Bordeaux has many shopping options. In the heart of Bordeaux is [[Sainte-Catherine Street (Bordeaux)|Rue Sainte-Catherine]].{{cn|date=November 2024}} This [[pedestrianised]] street has {{convert|1.2|km|mi|sp=us}} of shops, restaurants and cafés; it is also one of the longest shopping streets in Europe.{{cn|date=November 2024}} Rue Sainte-Catherine starts at Place de la Victoire and ends at Place de la Comédie by the Grand Théâtre. The shops become progressively more upmarket as one moves towards Place de la Comédie and the nearby Cours de l'Intendance is where there are the more exclusive shops and boutiques.{{cn|date=November 2024}}