Editing Beta-lactamase (section)

== Use as a pharmaceutical ==
In 1957, amid concern about allergic reactions to penicillin-containing antibiotics, a beta-lactamase was sold as an antidote under the brand name neutrapen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1957-10-04|title=NEW DRUG FIGHTS ILLS OF PENICILLIN; Antibiotics Expert Finds Neutrapen Effective on Injection Side Effect ALLERGY RISE STUDIED U.S. Aide Reports Increase in Reaction to Penicillin and Like Substances Severe Reactions Few Some Severe Reactions (Published 1957)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/04/archives/new-drug-fights-ills-of-penicillin-antibiotics-expert-finds.html|access-date=2020-12-24|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131074502/https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/04/archives/new-drug-fights-ills-of-penicillin-antibiotics-expert-finds.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was theorized that the breakdown of penicillin by the enzyme would treat the allergic reaction.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hyman AL | title = Anaphylactic shock after therapy with penicillinase | journal = Journal of the American Medical Association | volume = 169 | issue = 6 | pages = 593–4 | date = February 1959 | pmid = 13620512 | doi = 10.1001/jama.1959.73000230003011a }}</ref> While it was not useful in acute anaphylactic shock, it showed positive results in cases of [[urticaria]] and joint pain suspected to be caused by penicillin allergy.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Friedlaender S | title = Penicillinase in the treatment of allergic reactions to penicillin | journal = Journal of Allergy | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 181–7 | date = April 1959 | pmid = 13630649 | doi = 10.1016/0021-8707(59)90087-5 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=American Academy of Pediatrics|date=1958-10-01|title=A New Concept in the Treatment of Penicillin Reactions: Use of Penicillinase|url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/22/4/658|journal=Pediatrics|language=en|volume=22|issue=4|pages=658|doi=10.1542/peds.22.4.658|s2cid=245066458|issn=0031-4005|access-date=24 December 2020|archive-date=28 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928095536/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/22/4/658|url-status=live}}</ref> Its use was proposed in pediatric cases where penicillin allergy was discovered upon administration of the polio vaccine, which used penicillin as a preservative.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zimmerman MC | title = Penicillinase-proved allergy to penicillin in poliomyelitis vaccine | journal = Journal of the American Medical Association | volume = 167 | issue = 15 | pages = 1807–9 | date = August 1958 | pmid = 13563181 | doi = 10.1001/jama.1958.02990320001001 }}</ref> However, some patients developed allergies to neutrapen.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Weiss RC, Crepea SB | title = Development of sensitivity to penicillinase following its use in penicillin reaction | journal = Journal of Allergy | volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 337–41 | date = July 1959 | pmid = 13664435 | doi = 10.1016/0021-8707(59)90041-3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | author = United States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnMopURBpCgC&pg=PA3162|title=Drug Industry Antitrust Act: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-seventh Congress, First [-second] Session, Pursuant to S. Res. 52 on S. 1552, a Bill to Amend and Supplement the Antitrust Laws, with Respect to the Manufacture and Distribution of Drugs, and for Other Purposes|date=1961|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|language=en}}</ref> The [[Albany Medical Center|Albany Hospital]] removed it from its formulary in 1960, only two years after adding it, citing lack of use.<ref>{{Cite book | author = United States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYPQ_wIioMcC&pg=PA10601|title=Administered Prices: con't] pt.25. Administered prices in the drug industry, (Antibiotics-Appendix A). 1961. pp. 14201-15329|date=1957|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|language=en}}</ref> Some researchers continued to use it in experiments on penicillin resistance as late as 1972.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lindström EB, Nordström K | title = Automated method for determination of penicillins, cephalosporins, and penicillinases | journal = Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 100–6 | date = February 1972 | pmid = 4618452 | pmc = 444176 | doi = 10.1128/aac.1.2.100 }}</ref> It was voluntarily withdrawn from the American market by 3M Pharmaceuticals in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Federal Register, Volume 62 Issue 229 (Friday, November 28, 1997)|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1997-11-28/html/97-31214.htm|access-date=2020-12-24|website=www.govinfo.gov|archive-date=23 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023152633/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1997-11-28/html/97-31214.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>