Editing Berkhamsted (section)

==Education==
===Independent schools===
[[Berkhamsted School]] is a [[Private schools in the United Kingdom|private]] [[Public school (UK)|public school]]. It was founded in 1541 by Dean [[John Incent]], ({{circa}} 1480–1545){{sfn|Birtchnell|1988}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Queen helps celebrate Berkhamsted School's 475th birthday|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/06/queen-helps-celebrate-berkhamsted-schools-475th-birthday/|access-date=27 September 2017|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=6 May 2016|format=video}}</ref> Born in Berkhamsted ''circa'' 1480, John Incent was the [[Dean of St Paul's|Dean]] of [[St Paul's Cathedral]] in London from 1540 to 1545 (during the early years of the [[English Reformation]]).

Incent was noted as one of the agents of the Lord Chancellor [[Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex|Thomas Cromwell]] responsible for the [[Sequestration (law)|sequestration]] of religious properties during the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]]{{sfn|Birtchnell|1988}} Incent financed the foundation of Berkhamsted school from the combined revenues of the town's two medieval hospitals, St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist, which he had closed down in 1516. In 1523 he took the lands of the two former hospitals and joined them to his own land, donating the enlarged estate towards the creation of a school. In 1541 he obtained a [[royal charter]] for ''"one chauntry perpetual and schools for boys not exceeding 144 to be called Dean Incent's Free School in Berkhamstedde"''.{{sfn|Birtchnell|1988|p=30}} John Incent died [[intestate]] 18 months after his school opened. To protect the school from legal challenges, it was incorporated by an [[Act of Parliament]] as ''The Free Schole of King Edwarde the Sixte in Berkhampstedde''. Amongst the school's [[List of people from Berkhamsted#Association through education in Berkhamsted|former students]] was the author [[Graham Greene (writer)|Graham Greene]].{{sfn|Hastie|1999|p=122}} The school's oldest building, the Old Hall, was built in 1544 and is Grade I listed. Contemporary records state that Incent ''"builded with all speed a fair schoole lartge and great all of brick very sumptuously"'', and ''"when ye said school was thus finished, ye Deane sent for ye cheafe men of ye towne into ye school where he kneeling gave thanks to Almighty God"''.{{sfn|Birtchnell|1988|p=30}} In 1988, the school merged with Berkhamsted School for Girls (another large independent school in the town), which had been founded in 1888.{{sfn|Hastie|1999|pp=17, 120}}<ref name="Mackenzie1896p128"/>{{sfn|Cobb|1883|pp = 14, 72}} The school has 1,500 fee-paying pupils, aged 3 to 18.

[[Egerton Rothesay School]], an independent school founded in 1922, has 150 pupils between the ages of 5 and 19.{{sfn|Hastie|1999|p=114}}

===State schools===
[[File:Ashlyns School 26.jpg|thumb|The [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] [[portico]] of [[Ashlyns School]] (1935) bearing the [[Foundling Hospital]] coat of arms]]
In the 1970s, the town adopted a three-tier [[State-funded schools (England)|state school]] education system, but reverted to the two-tier system of primary and secondary schools in 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.berkhamstedtoday.co.uk/news/three-into-two-is-future-for-berkhamsted-schools-1-4068857 | title='Three into two' is future for Berkhamsted schools | publisher=JPIMedia Ltd | work=Berkhamsted & Tring Gazette | date=18 July 2012 | access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref>

Primary schools are: Victoria (founded in 1838), Bridgewater, Greenway, St Thomas More, Swing Gate, Thomas Coram and Westfield.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.berkhamstedtowncouncil.gov.uk/findmynearest.html?category=22%3A9202 | title=Directory - Schools & Education | publisher=Berkhamsted Town Council | access-date=27 January 2019| date=2018-09-11 }}</ref> The secondary school is [[Ashlyns School]], a [[Foundation school]] with 1,200 pupils aged 11 to 19&nbsp;years; it is a specialist language college. The school started in the 18th century, when [[Thomas Coram]], a philanthropic ship's captain, was appalled by the abandoned babies and children starving and dying in London. He campaigned for a hospital to accommodate them and was successfully granted a [[royal charter]] "for the Maintenance and Education of Exposed and Deserted Children" in 1739. Three years later, in 1742, he established the [[Foundling Hospital]] at [[Lamb's Conduit Field]]s in [[Bloomsbury]], London. It was the first children's charity in the country and a precedent for incorporated associational charities everywhere.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.victorianweb.org/history/orphanages/coram1.html |title=One. Captain Coram and the Foundling Hospital |access-date=22 August 2015 |author=Banerjee, Jacqueline}}</ref> The school moved to its purpose-built location in Berkhamsted in 1935. The residential home side at Berkhamsted closed following the [[Children Act 1948]], when family-centred care replaced institutional care. In 1951 Hertfordshire County Council took over running the school.{{sfn|Hastie|1999|p=116}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/08adcdf7-4568-4221-b844-dca8a480cd4e|title=Foundling Hospital|publisher=National Archives |access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Harris |first=Rhian |publisher=BBB |date=5 October 2012|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/foundling_01.shtml|title=The Foundling Hospital|access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref> The large school contains stained glass windows, especially around the [[chapel]], a staircase and many monuments from the original London hospital. The school's chapel formerly housed an organ donated by [[George Frideric Handel]].{{sfn|Hastie|1999|p=116}} The school was used a backdrop to the 2007 comedy film, ''[[Son of Rambow]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hemeltoday.co.uk/news/rambow-revisited-in-teen-movie-1-1198409 | title=Rambow revisited in teen movie | publisher=JPIMedia Ltd| work=Hemel Today | date=19 March 2008 | access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> [[File:Berkhamsted School Old Hall.JPG|thumb|The Grade 1 Listed Berkhamsted School Old Hall, described by [[William Camden]] as "the only structure in Berkhamsted worth a second glance".{{sfn|Hastie|1999|p=120}}]]

===Business school===
[[File:Spire of Chapel, Ashridge Management College, Hertfordshire - geograph.org.uk - 897514.jpg|thumb|Spire of chapel at the Grade 1 Ashridge House, showing the Natural Trust Ashridge Estate behind]] [[Hult Ashridge]] (formerly Ashridge Business School/Ashridge Executive Education) is located in the Grade I listed [[Ashridge#Ashridge House|Ashridge House]], the former stately home of the Duke of Bridgewater, set in {{convert|190|acre|ha|abbr=off}} of rolling parkland, two miles outside Berkhamsted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/postgraduate/business-schools/ashridge-business-school-1206241.html|title=Governance|date= 12 December 2010|website=www.independent.co.uk|publisher=[[The Independent]]|access-date=18 August 2016}}</ref> The house occupies the site of the earlier [[Ashridge Priory]], a [[College (canon law)|college]] of the monastic order of [[Bonhommes]] founded in 1283 by [[Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall]], who resided in the castle. After the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]], [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] bequeathed the property to his daughter, [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]]. In 1800, it was the home of [[Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater]], affectionately known as the Father of Inland Navigation.<ref name="Sanecki1996p30">{{harvnb|Sanecki|1996|p=30}}</ref> [[Ashridge Business School|Ashridge House]]  was constructed between 1808 and 1814 to a design by [[James Wyatt]] with later work by his nephew [[Jeffrey Wyattville]]. Architecture critic [[Nikolaus Pevsner]] described it as the "largest of the romantic palaces near London ... a spectacular composition". In 1928, [[Urban H. Broughton|Urban Hanlon Broughton]] purchased the house as a gift for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] intended to commemorate former prime minister [[Andrew Bonar Law]]. For its first 15 years it was a "College of Citizenship", established to help the party develop its intellectual forces in struggles with socialist organisations such as the [[Fabian Society]]. It became a cross between a [[think-tank]] and a training centre, with [[Arthur Bryant]] as its educational adviser.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A glimpse at the archives of a Conservative intellectual project|journal=Contemporary British History|volume=19|pages=79–93|year=2005|doi=10.1080/1361946042000303873|last1=Berthezène|first1=Clarisse|s2cid=144485487}}</ref>

In 2015, Ashridge merged with [[Hult International Business School]], an American business school with campuses in seven cities around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ashridge.org.uk/about-us/governance/|title=Governance|website=Ashridge.org.uk|access-date=5 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402171716/https://ashridge.org.uk/about-us/governance/|archive-date=2 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Its activities include open and tailored [[executive education]] programmes, [[MBA]], MSc and Diploma qualifications, organisation [[Consultant|consulting]], [[applied research]] and [[E-learning|online learning]]. Ashridge is the only UK specialist business school with degree-awarding powers, giving it the equivalent status to a university in awarding its degrees.