Editing Bay Area Rapid Transit (section)

==== Charles Hill ====
On July 3, 2011, an officer of the BART Police shot and killed Charles Hill at Civic Center Station in San Francisco. Hill had thrown a bottle at the officers and was in the process of throwing a knife at them from a distance of about 15 feet when the first shot was fired.<ref name="Shooting case dismissed">{{Cite web |date=2014-09-13 |title=Judge Dismisses Suit Over 2011 Fatal Shooting By BART Officer |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/judge-dismisses-suit-over-2011-fatal-shooting-by-bart-officer/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

On August 12, 2011, BART shut down cellphone services on the network for three hours in an effort to hamper possible protests against the shooting<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Murphy |first=David |date=August 13, 2011 |title=To Prevent Protests, San Francisco Subway Turns Off Cell Signals, August&nbsp;13,&nbsp;2011 |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2391046,00.asp |magazine=PC Magazine |access-date=August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=S.F. subway muzzles cell service during protest |work=CNET |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-20091822-245/s.f-subway-muzzles-cell-service-during-protest/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20}}</ref> and to keep communications away from protesters at the Civic Center station in San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Questions, Complaints Arise Over BART Cutting Cell Phone Service |work=[[KTVU]] |url=http://www.ktvu.com/news/28854510/detail.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005000120/http://www.ktvu.com/news/28854510/detail.html |archive-date=October 5, 2011}}</ref> The shutdown caught the attention of state senator [[Leland Yee]] and international media, as well as drawing comparisons to the internet shutdowns during the [[2011 Egyptian revolution|Egyptian revolution]] earlier that year.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Leland Yee scolds BART over cell phone blackout |work=KGO-TV |url=https://abc7news.com/archive/8305470/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824224155/http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news%2Flocal%2Fsan_francisco&id=8305470 |archive-date=August 24, 2011}}</ref> Antonette Bryant, the union president for BART, stated that "BART have lost our confidence and are putting rider and employee safety at risk."<ref>{{Cite news |title=BART Under Fire From Hackers, Critics, Employees |work=KTVU |url=http://www.ktvu.com/news/28870409/detail.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005001102/http://www.ktvu.com/news/28870409/detail.html |archive-date=October 5, 2011}}</ref>

Members of [[Anonymous (group)|Anonymous]] broke into BART's website and posted names, phone numbers, addresses, and e-mail information on the Anonymous website.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hackers Escalate Attack On BART; User IDs Stolen |work=[[KTVU]] |url=http://www.ktvu.com/news/28863267/detail.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005003324/http://www.ktvu.com/news/28863267/detail.html |archive-date=October 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Shadowy Internet group Anonymous attacks BART website |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/crime/2011/08/anonymous-attacks-bart-website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617072511/http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/crime/2011/08/anonymous-attacks-bart-website |archive-date=June 17, 2012}}</ref>

On August 15, 2011, there was more disruption in service at BART stations in downtown San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BART runs without problems despite protest threats |work=[[KGO-TV]] |url=https://abc7news.com/archive/8301228/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111101447/http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=resources%2Ftraffic&id=8301228 |archive-date=November 11, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=BART Warns Commuters Of Potential Protest Disruptions |work=[[KTVU]] |url=http://www.ktvu.com/news/28834929/detail.html |url-status=dead |access-date=August 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127085342/http://www.ktvu.com/news/news/bart-warns-commuters-of-potential-protest-disrupti/nDTRR/ |archive-date=January 27, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=BART Warns Commuters Of Potential Protest Disruptions |work=NBC Bay Area |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/BART-Protest-Could-Impact-Evening-Commute-127554708.html}}</ref> ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' reported that the protests were a result of the shootings, including that of Oscar Grant.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Protesters storm BART, slow commute out of San Francisco |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/2011/07/protesters-storm-bart-slow-commute-out-san-francisco |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216194854/http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/2011/07/protesters-storm-bart-slow-commute-out-san-francisco |archive-date=December 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=BART warns passengers of possible protests at San Francisco stations Thursday |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/2011/08/bart-warns-passengers-possible-protests-san-francisco-stations-thursday |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728191419/http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/2011/08/bart-warns-passengers-possible-protests-san-francisco-stations-thursday |archive-date=July 28, 2012}}</ref>

On August 29, 2011, a coalition of nine public interest groups led by [[Public Knowledge]] filed an Emergency Petition asking the U.S. [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) to declare "that the actions taken by the Bay Area Rapid Transit District ("BART") on August 11, 2011, violated the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, when it deliberately interfered with access to Commercial Mobile Radio Service ("CMRS") by the public" and "that local law enforcement has no authority to suspend or deny CMRS, or to order CMRS providers to suspend or deny service, absent a properly obtained order from the Commission, a state commission of appropriate jurisdiction, or a court of law with appropriate jurisdiction".<ref>[http://www.cdt.org/files/pdfs/Emergency%20Petition%20for%20Declaratory%20Ruling_0.pdf "In the Matter of the Petition of Public Knowledge et al. for Declaratory Ruling that Disconnection of Telecommunications Services Violates the Communications Act"], Harold Feld, Legal Director, and Sherwin Siy, Deputy Legal Director, of Public Knowledge before the Federal Communications Commission, August 29, 2011.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Crawford |first=Susan |date=September 25, 2011 |title=Phone, Web Clampdowns in Crises Are Intolerable |work=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-26/phone-web-clampdowns-in-crises-are-intolerable-susan-crawford.html}}</ref>

In December 2011 BART adopted a new "Cell Service Interruption Policy" that only allows shutdowns of cell phone services within BART facilities "in the most extraordinary circumstances that threaten the safety of District passengers, employees and other members of public, the destruction of District property, or the substantial disruption of public transit service".<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2011 |title=Cell Service Interruption Policy |url=http://www.bart.gov/docs/final_CSIP.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218011705/http://www.bart.gov/docs/final_CSIP.pdf |archive-date=December 18, 2011 |access-date=March 30, 2012 |publisher=Bay Area Rapid Transit District}}</ref> According to a spokesperson for BART, under the new policy the wireless phone system would not be turned off under circumstances similar to those in August 2011. Instead police officers would arrest individuals who break the law.<ref name="NYT-2March2012">{{Cite news |last=Wyatt |first=Edward |date=March 2, 2012 |title=F.C.C. Asks for Guidance on Whether, and When, to Cut Off Cellphone Service |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/03/technology/fcc-reviews-need-for-rules-to-interrupt-wireless-service.html}}</ref>

In February 2012, the San Francisco District Attorney concluded that the BART Police Officer that shot and killed Charles Hill at the Civic Center BART station the previous July "acted lawfully in self defense" and would not face charges for the incident.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crowell |first=James |date=February 22, 2012 |title=BART Officer Who Shot Charles Hill, 'Acted Lawfully' According To District Attorney |work=Huffington Post |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/22/james-crowell-charles-hill_n_1294352.html}}</ref>

In March 2012, the FCC requested public comment on the question of whether or when the police and other government officials can intentionally interrupt cellphone and Internet service to protect [[public safety]].<ref name="NYT-2March2012" />

A federal lawsuit filed against BART by Charles Hill's brother was dismissed in 2013.<ref name="Shooting case dismissed" /> The federal judge concluded that "a reasonable officer in that situation could believe that he was in danger of being hit by a knife after having had a bottle thrown at him."<ref name="Shooting case dismissed" /> The lawyers of Hill's family did not dispute that he had thrown a knife at the officer, but argued that both officers should have done more to deescalate the situation.<ref name="Shooting case dismissed" />