Editing Batman (section)

=== Different interpretations ===
{{Further|Homosexuality in the Batman franchise|Batman in popular culture#Psychological interpretation}}
Gay interpretations of Batman have been studied academically since psychologist [[Fredric Wertham]]'s claims in 1954.<ref>Wertham, Fredric. ''Seduction of the Innocent''. Rinehart and Company, Inc., 1954. pp. 189–90.

For discussion of Wertham's impact see Brooker (2001).</ref> Andy Medhurst and Will Brooker have explored Batman's appeal to gay audiences and the validity of a queer reading.<ref>Medhurst, Andy. "Batman, Deviance, and Camp." ''The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media''. Routledge: London, 1991. {{ISBN|978-0-85170-276-6}}, p. 150.</ref> Meanwhile, in [[Psychology|psychological]] interpretations, Dr. Travis Langley sees Batman as representing the "shadow archetype", confronting inner darkness to fight evil, according to Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell's theories. Langley's analysis adds depth to Batman's psychological complexity.<ref name="Langley">Langley, Travis. ''Batman and Psychology: A Dark and Stormy Knight''. John Wiley & Sons; 1st edition, 2012, {{ISBN|1-118-16765-1}}</ref>