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===Secondary literature=== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |last1=Adamson |first1=Peter |author1-link=Peter Adamson (philosopher) |date=2016 |chapter=Atomismus bei ar-Rāzī |editor1-last=Buchheim |editor1-first=Thomas |editor2-last=Meißner |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Wachsmann |editor3-first=Nora |title=Sōma: Körperkonzepte und körperliche Existenz in der antiken Philosophie und Literatur |series=Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte, Sonderheft 13 |location=Hamburg |publisher=Meiner |pages=345–360}} *{{cite book |last1=Adamson |first1=Peter |author1-link=Peter Adamson (philosopher) |date=2017 |chapter=Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (d. 925), The Spiritual Medicine |editor1-last=El-Rouayheb |editor1-first=Khaled |editor2-last=Schmidtke |editor2-first=Sabine |title=The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=63–82}} *{{cite book |last1=Adamson |first1=Peter |author1-link=Peter Adamson (philosopher) |date=2021b |title=Great Medieval Thinkers: al-Rāzī |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780197555033 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197555033.001.0001}} * [[Abdurrahman Badawi|Badawi, Abdurrahman]], ''Min Tarlkh al-Ilhad fi al-Islam Islamica'', Vol. II, Cairo, 1945, pp. 198–228. *{{cite book |last1=Daiber |first1=Hans |date=2017 |orig-date=2012 |chapter=Abū Bakr al-Rāzī |editor1-last=Rudolph |editor1-first=Ulrich |editor2-last=Hansberger |editor2-first=Rotraud |editor3-last=Adamson |editor3-first=Peter |editor3-link=Peter Adamson (philosopher) |title=Philosophy in the Islamic World. Volume 1: 8th–10th Centuries |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |pages=381–420 |isbn=978-90-04-32316-2 |doi=10.1163/2543-2729_PIWO_COM_001601}} * Eisen, A. ''Kimiya al-Razi'', RAAD, DIB, 62/4. *{{cite journal |last1=Goodman |first1=Lenn E. |author1-link=Lenn E. Goodman |date=1971 |title=The Epicurean Ethic of M. b. Zakariya' al-Razi |journal=Studia Islamica |volume=34 |pages=5–26 |doi=10.2307/1595324 |jstor=1595324}} *{{cite journal |last1=Goodman |first1=Lenn E. |author1-link=Lenn E. Goodman |date=1972 |title=Razi's Psychology |journal=Philosophical Forum |volume=4 |pages=26–48}} *{{cite book |last1=Goodman |first1=Lenn E. |author1-link=Lenn E. Goodman |date=1975 |chapter=Razi's Myth of the Fall of the Soul: Its Function in His Philosophy |editor1-last=Hourani |editor1-first=G. |title=Essays in Islamic Philosophy and Science |location=Albany, NY |publisher=State University of New York Press |pages=25–40}} *{{cite journal |last1=Goodman |first1=Lenn E. |author1-link=Lenn E. Goodman |date=2015 |title=How Epicurean was Rāzī? |journal=Studia graeco-arabica |volume=5 |pages=247–280}} * {{Cite journal |last=Güngör |first=Hüseyin |title=Razian prophecy rationalized |journal=British Journal for the History of Philosophy |date=2023 |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=401–425 |doi=10.1080/09608788.2023.2235613 |url=https://philarchive.org/rec/GNGRPR}} * {{cite journal |last1=Heym |first1=Gerard |date=1938 |title=Al-Rāzī and Alchemy |journal=Ambix |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=184–191 |doi=10.1179/amb.1938.1.3.184}} * Hirschberg,''Geschichte der Augenheilkunde'', p. 101. * {{Cite journal |last1=Karpenko |first1=Vladimír |last2=Norris |first2=John A. |year=2002 |title=Vitriol in the History of Chemistry |journal=Chemické listy |volume=96 |issue=12 |pages=997–1005 |url=http://www.chemicke-listy.cz/ojs3/index.php/chemicke-listy/article/view/2266}} * [[Lucien Leclerc|Leclerc, Lucien]] (1876). ''Histoire de la medicine arabe'', Paris, Vol. I, pp. 337–54. * Meyerhof, M. ''Legacy of Islam'', pp. 323 et seq. * [[Aldo Mieli|Mieli, Aldo]] (1938). ''La science arabe'', Leiden, 1938, pp. 8, 16. * {{cite journal |last1=Moureau |first1=Sébastien |date=2020 |title=Min al-kīmiyāʾ ad alchimiam. The Transmission of Alchemy from the Arab-Muslim World to the Latin West in the Middle Ages |journal=Micrologus |volume=28 |issue= |pages=87–141 |hdl=2078.1/211340 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/211340}} (a survey of all Latin alchemical texts attributed to authors writing in Arabic, including Latin texts attributed to al-Razi) * {{cite book |last=Multhauf |first=Robert P. |author-link=Robert P. Multhauf |year=1966 |title=The Origins of Chemistry |location=London |publisher=Oldbourne |oclc=977570829}} * {{cite journal |last1=Partington |first1=J. R. |author1-link=J. R. Partington |date=1938 |title=The Chemistry of Rāzī |journal=Ambix |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=192–196 |doi=10.1179/amb.1938.1.3.192}} * Pines, S. ''Die Atomenlehre ar-Razi's in Beitrage zur islamischen Atomenlehre'', Berlin, 1936, pp. 34–93. * {{cite journal |last1=Pormann |first1=Peter E. |last2=Selove |first2=Emily |date=2017 |title=Two New Texts on Medicine and Natural Philosophy by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=137 |issue=2 |pages=279–299 |doi=10.7817/jameroriesoci.137.2.0279 |jstor=10.7817/jameroriesoci.137.2.0279 |doi-access=free}} * Ranking, G. S. A. (1913). ''The Life and Works of Rhazes'', in Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Congress of Medicine, London, pp. 237–68. * {{Cite journal |last=Rashed |first=Marwan |author-link=Marwan Rashed |title=Abū Bakr Al-Rāzī Et La Prophétie |journal=MIDÉO |date=2008 |pages=169–182 |url=https://alkindi.ideo-cairo.org/manifestation/211468}} * Renaud, H. P. J. (1931). ''A propos du millenaire de Razes'', in Bulletin de la Société Française d'Histoire de la Médicine, Mars-avril, pp. 203 et seq. * Rockey, Denyse and Johnstone, Penelope (1979). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/374430 "Medieval Arabic views on speech disorders: Al-Razi (c. 865–925)"], in: ''Journal of Communication Disorders'', 12(3):229-43. * {{cite journal |last1=Ruska |first1=Julius |author1-link=Julius Ruska |year=1924 |title=Über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Raziforschung |journal=Archeion |volume=V |pages=335–347 |doi=10.1484/J.arch.3.159}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ruska |first1=Julius |author1-link=Julius Ruska |year=1928 |title=Der Salmiak in der Geschichte der Alchemie |journal=Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie |volume=41 |issue=50 |pages=1321–1324 |doi=10.1002/ange.19280415006 |bibcode=1928AngCh..41.1321R}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ruska |first1=Julius |author1-link=Julius Ruska |year=1935 |title=Die Alchemie ar-Rāzī's |journal=Der Islam |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=281–319 |doi=10.1515/islm.1935.22.4.281 |s2cid=161271862}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ruska |first1=Julius |author1-link=Julius Ruska |year=1939 |title=Pseudepigraphe Rasis-Schriften |journal=Osiris |volume=7 |pages=31–94 |doi=10.1086/368502 |s2cid=143373785}} (argues that most Latin texts attributed to al-Razi are [[pseudepigraphs]]) * {{cite journal |last1=Ruska |first1=Julius |author1-link=Julius Ruska |last2=Garbers |first2=Karl |year=1939 |title=Vorschriften zur Herstellung von scharfen Wässern bei Gabir und Razi |journal=Der Islam |volume=25 |issue= |pages=1–34 |doi=10.1515/islm.1938.25.1.1 |s2cid=161055255}} (contains a comparison of [[Jabir ibn Hayyan]]'s and Abu Bakr al-Razi's knowledge of chemical apparatus, processes and substances) * Shader, H. H., ZDMG, 79, pp. 228–35 (see translation into Arabic by [[Abdurrahman Badawi]] in ''al-Insan al-Kamil'', Islamica, Vol. XI, Cairo, 1950, pp. 37–44). * {{cite journal <!-- Citation bot bypass--> |last1=Stapleton |first1=Henry E. |author1-link=Henry Ernest Stapleton |last2=Azo |first2=R.F. |last3=Hidayat Husain |first3=M. |year=1927 |title=Chemistry in Iraq and Persia in the Tenth Century A.D. |journal=Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |volume=VIII |issue=6 |pages=317–418 |oclc=706947607 |url=http://www.southasiaarchive.com/Content/sarf.100203/231270}} (contains an in-depth analysis of the {{transliteration|ar|Kitāb al-asrār}}) * {{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=Gail |date=2010 |title=The Kitab al-Asrar: An Alchemy Manual in Tenth-Century Persia |journal=Arab Studies Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=6–27 |jstor=41858601 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41858601}} * Von Lippmann, E. O. '' Entstehung und Ausbreitung der Alchemie'', Vol. II, p. 181. * [[F. Wüstenfeld|Wüstenfeld, F.]], ''Geschichte der Arabischen Arzte und Naturforscher'', ftn. 98. {{refend}}
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