Editing 1970s (section)

==Popular culture==
<gallery widths="190" perrow="5">
File:Atari-2600-Wood-4Sw-Set.png|The [[First generation of video game consoles|first]] and [[second generation of video game consoles|second]] generations of video game consoles like the [[Magnavox Odyssey]] and [[Atari 2600]] (pictured) were hits in the 1970s. 
File:1976 Ford Gran Torino (Starsky and Hutch) 5.7.jpg|The famous TV series like ''[[Starsky and Hutch]]'' (pictured), ''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'', ''[[The Streets of San Francisco]]'', ''[[The Six Million Dollar Man]]'', ''[[Charlie's Angels]]'', ''[[Wonder Woman (TV series)|Wonder Woman]]'', ''[[Fawlty Towers]]'', ''[[Sanford and Son]]'', and ''[[Columbo]]'' were popular in the 1970s.
File:Philco-Ford Orange Retro TV (1970s).jpg| ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1970 TV series)|Sabrina the Teenage Witch]]'', ''[[The Pink Panther Show]],'' ''[[Schoolhouse Rock!]]'', ''[[The Addams Family (1973 TV series)|The Addams Family]]'', ''[[Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids]]'', ''[[Hong Kong Phooey]],'' ''[[Star Trek: The Animated Series|Star Trek]]'', ''[[Jabberjaw]]'', and ''[[Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels]]'' were all popular cartoons of the 1970s.
File:Earth Wind and Fire.jpg|The [[disco]] genre was very popular in the decade. [[Earth, Wind & Fire]], one of the most commercially successful disco bands of the era pictured here.
File:Bob Marley sckech Por Daniel Alvarado Silvera.jpg|[[Bob Marley]] helped popularize [[reggae|reggae music]] and the [[Rastafari]] cultural movement of the 1970s.
File:Brady Bunch full cast 1973.JPG|Family comedies like ''[[The Brady Bunch]]'', ''[[Happy Days]]'', ''[[All in the Family]],'' and ''[[The Jeffersons]]'' gained notoriety, popularizing slang like "groovy".
File:1973 Volkswagen Super Beetle (9777174106).jpg|The [[Volkswagen Beetle]] and [[Toyota Corolla]] line of cars were popular in the 1970s, making the [[List of best-selling automobiles|world's best-selling automobiles]] at the time.
File:Signed Pong Cabinet.jpg|''[[Pong]]'', created by [[Atari Inc.]] in 1972, is one of the earliest arcade video games and was the first electronic sports video game. Other games like ''[[Breakout (video game)|Breakout]]'', ''[[Galaxian]]'', ''[[Asteroids (video game)|Asteroids]]'' and ''[[Space Invaders]]'' also helped define the decade in [[video game culture|gaming culture]].
File:Olimpiai Stadion, az olimpia megnyitóünnepsége. Fortepan 73767.jpg|Four [[Olympic Games]] were held in the 1970s, [[1972 Winter Olympics|Sapporo]] and [[1972 Summer Olympics|Munich in 1972]], [[1976 Winter Olympics|Innsbruck]] and [[1976 Summer Olympics|Montreal in 1976]] (all during the Cold War, and prompting significant events like the [[Munich massacre]] in 1972 and the [[1976 Olympic boycott|African-led boycott]] in 1976).
File:Jaws (franchise) logo.png|[[New Hollywood]] films like ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]], [[The Godfather]], [[The Exorcist]],'' ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]],'' and ''[[Rocky]]'' as well as ''[[Superman (1978 film)|Superman]]'', ''[[Saturday Night Fever]]'', ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]],'' and ''[[Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory]]'' were all extremely popular during the 1970s and decades following.
File:Disco ball4.jpg|[[Disco ball]]s and [[roller skating]] trends were popular and widely used in [[nightclub]]s and [[roller rink]]s in the 1970s. Songs like [[Bee Gees|Bee Gee's]] "[[Stayin' Alive]]" and [[ABBA]]'s "[[Dancing Queen]]" were played during the decade.
</gallery>

===Music===
{{Main|1970s in music}}
{{multiple image
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| image1            = James Taylor Billboard 1971.jpg
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| alt1              = Taylor
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| image2            = Joni Mitchell 1983.jpg
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| footer            = [[James Taylor]] (left) and [[Joni Mitchell]] (right) were two of the most influential and successful contemporary [[folk music|folk]] musicians of the decade, along with artists like [[Cat Stevens]], [[John Denver]], [[Gordon Lightfoot]], [[Neil Young]] and others.
}}
During the early 1970s, popular music continued to be dominated by musicians who had achieved fame during the 1950s and the 1960s such as the [[Rolling Stones]], [[The Who]], [[Elvis Presley]], [[Johnny Cash]], [[Loretta Lynn]], [[Conway Twitty]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[The Grateful Dead]], and [[Eric Clapton]]. In addition, many newcomer rock groups such as [[Black Sabbath]] and [[Led Zeppelin]] appeared. [[The Beatles]] disbanded in 1970, but each member of the band immediately released a highly successful solo album, and [[Paul McCartney]] especially would remain extremely popular throughout the decade. Singer-songwriters such as [[Elton John]], [[James Taylor]] and [[Jackson Browne]] also came into vogue during the early 1970s.

The 1970s saw the rapid commercialization of rock music, and by mid-decade there were a spate of bands derisively dubbed "corporate rock" due to the notion that they had been created by record labels to produce simplistic, radio-friendly songs that offered clichés rather than meaningful lyrics. Such bands included [[The Doobie Brothers]], [[Bread (band)|Bread]], [[Styx (band)|Styx]], [[Kansas (band)|Kansas]], and [[REO Speedwagon]].

[[Funk]], an offshoot of [[soul music]] with a greater emphasis on beats, and influences from [[rhythm and blues]], [[jazz]], and [[psychedelic rock]], was also very popular. The mid-1970s also saw the rise of [[disco]] music, which dominated during the last half of the decade with bands like the [[Bee Gees]], [[Chic (band)|Chic]], [[ABBA]], [[Village People]], [[Boney M]], [[Donna Summer]], [[KC and the Sunshine Band]], and others. In response to this, rock music became increasingly hard-edged, with early metal artists like [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Black Sabbath]], and [[Deep Purple]]. [[Minimalism]] also emerged, led by composers such as [[Philip Glass]], [[Steve Reich]] and [[Michael Nyman]]. This was a break from the intellectual serial music in the tradition of [[Arnold Schoenberg|Schoenberg]], which lasted from the early 1900s to the 1960s.

The 1970s also saw artists from [[Motown|Motown records]] become popular across the globe. Artists like the [[The Jackson 5|Jackson 5]], [[Stevie Wonder]] and [[Marvin Gaye]] dominated the record charts across the world and had a significant influence on pop culture, including breaking down racial barriers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Haider |first=Arwa |date=9 January 2019 |title=Motown: The music that changed America |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20190109-motown-the-music-that-changed-america |access-date=2021-04-09 |work=www.bbc.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Jimmy Page with Robert Plant 2 - Led Zeppelin - 1977.jpg|240px|thumb|right|British rock band [[Led Zeppelin]] was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]].]]

Classical and experimental music influenced both [[art rock]] and [[progressive rock]] genres with bands such as [[Pink Floyd]], [[Yes (band)|Yes]], [[Todd Rundgren's Utopia]], [[Supertramp]], [[Rush (band)|Rush]], [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]], [[King Crimson]], [[Emerson, Lake & Palmer]], [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[The Moody Blues]] and [[Soft Machine]]. [[Hard rock]] and [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]] also emerged among British bands [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Queen (band)|Queen]], [[The Who]], [[Black Sabbath]], [[UFO (band)|UFO]], [[Deep Purple]], [[Uriah Heep (band)|Uriah Heep]], and [[Judas Priest]].
Australian band [[AC/DC]] also found its hard-rock origins in the early 1970s and its breakthrough in 1979's ''[[Highway to Hell]]'', while popular American rock bands included [[Aerosmith]], [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]] and [[shock rock]]ers [[Alice Cooper (band)|Alice Cooper]], [[Blue Öyster Cult]], and [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]], and guitar-oriented [[Ted Nugent]] and [[Van Halen]]. In Europe, there was a surge of popularity in the early decade for [[glam rock]].

After a successful return to live performing in the late 60s with his [[Elvis (1968 TV program)|TV special]], [[Elvis Presley]] regained his popularity through [[Las Vegas|Vegas]] performance engagements and concert tours throughout the United States until his death in 1977, which helped him acquire a new generation of fans. His 1973 televised concert, ''[[Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite]]'', aired in over 40 countries in Europe and Asia, as well as the United States, making it one of the most popular concert events of the decade.

The second half of the decade saw the rise of [[punk rock]], when a spate of fresh, young rock groups playing stripped-down hard rock came to prominence at a time when most of the artists associated with the 1960s to early 1970s were in creative decline. Punk bands included [[The Sex Pistols]], [[The Clash]], [[The Ramones]], [[Talking Heads]], and more.

[[File:DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg|240px|thumb|left|[[Pink Floyd]] performing ''[[The Dark Side of the Moon]]'' in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time.]]

The highest-selling album of the decade was [[Pink Floyd]]'s ''[[The Dark Side of the Moon]]'' (1973), along with [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]]' ''[[Hotel California (Eagles album)|Hotel California]]'' (1976) and [[Fleetwood Mac]]'s ''[[Rumours (album)|Rumours]]'' (1977). ''Dark Side of the Moon'' remained on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] albums chart for 741 weeks. Electronic instrumental progressive rock was particularly significant in continental Europe, allowing bands like [[Kraftwerk]], [[Tangerine Dream]], [[Can (band)|Can]], and [[Faust (band)|Faust]] to circumvent the language barrier. Their synthesiser-heavy "[[krautrock]]", along with the work of [[Brian Eno]] (for a time the keyboard player with [[Roxy Music]]), would be a major influence on subsequent [[synthrock]].<ref name="Bogdanov2002Prog">Unterberger, 2002, pp. 1330–1.</ref> The mid-1970s saw the rise of [[electronic art music]] musicians such as [[Jean-Michel Jarre]], [[Vangelis]], and [[Isao Tomita|Tomita]], who with Brian Eno were a significant influence of the development of [[new-age music]]. Japanese band [[Yellow Magic Orchestra]] helped to pioneer synthpop, with their [[Yellow Magic Orchestra (album)|self-titled album]] (in [[1978 in music|1978]]) setting a template with less minimalism and with a strong emphasis on melody, and drawing from a wider range of influences than had been employed by [[Kraftwerk]]. [[Yellow Magic Orchestra|YMO]] also introduced the microprocessor-based [[Roland MC-8 Microcomposer|Roland MC-8]] sequencer and [[TR-808]] rhythm machine to popular music.

In the first half of the 1970s, many jazz musicians from the [[Miles Davis]] school achieved cross-over success through [[jazz fusion|jazz-rock fusion]] with bands like [[Weather Report]], [[Return to Forever]], [[The Headhunters]] and [[The Mahavishnu Orchestra]] who also influenced this genre and many others. In Germany, [[Manfred Eicher]] started the [[ECM (record label)|ECM]] label, which quickly made a name for "chamber jazz". Towards the end of the decade, Jamaican [[reggae]] music, already popular in the Caribbean and Africa since the early 1970s, became very popular in the U.S. and in Europe, mostly because of reggae superstar and legend [[Bob Marley]]. The mid-1970s saw the reemergence of acoustic jazz with the return of artists like [[Dexter Gordon]] to the US music scene, who, along with a number of other artists, such as trumpet innovators like [[Don Ellis]] and [[Woody Shaw]], who were among the last of the decade's traditionally-oriented acoustic jazz musicians to be signed to major record labels, to receive critical and widespread commercial recognition and multiple Grammy nominations.

[[File:QueenPerforming1977.jpg|thumb|British rock band [[Queen (band)|Queen]] (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]] and others]]

The late 1970s also saw the beginning of [[hip hop music]] with disc jockeys like [[DJ Kool Herc]] and [[Afrika Bambaataa]] taking loops from funk and soul records and playing them repeatedly at block parties and dance clubs. At the end of the 1970s, popular songs like "[[Rapper's Delight]]" by [[Sugarhill Gang]] gave hip hop a wider audience. Hip hop was also influenced by the song "[[The Revolution Will Not Be Televised]]" by [[Gil Scott-Heron]].

[[Country music]] also continued to increase in popularity in the 1970s. Between 1977 and 1979, it became more mainstream, particularly with the [[outlaw country|outlaw movement]], led by [[Waylon Jennings]] and [[Willie Nelson]]. The 70s also saw the rise of a country music subgenre, [[southern rock]], led by the [[Allman Brothers Band]]. Other artists; such as [[Conway Twitty]], [[Loretta Lynn]], [[Don Williams]], [[Kenny Rogers]], [[Dolly Parton]], [[Ronnie Milsap]], [[Crystal Gayle]], and [[Barbara Mandrell]]; all scored hits throughout the 70s which reached both country and pop charts. The genre also saw its golden age of vocal [[duet|duo]]s and [[vocal group|group]]s in this decade; with [[Conway Twitty]] and [[Loretta Lynn]], [[George Jones]] and [[Tammy Wynette]], [[Jim Ed Brown]] and [[Helen Cornelius]], the [[Bellamy Brothers]], the [[Oak Ridge Boys]], the [[Statler Brothers]], [[Dave & Sugar]], and [[The Kendalls]]. The genre also became more involved in [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] toward the end of the decade, with country-themed action films such as ''[[Smokey and the Bandit]]'' and ''[[Every Which Way But Loose (film)|Every Which Way But Loose]]'', a trend that continued into the early 80s with ''[[Urban Cowboy]]'' and ''[[Bronco Billy]]''.

A major event in music in the early 1970s was the deaths of popular rock stars [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Janis Joplin]], and [[Jim Morrison]], all at the age of 27.  Two of popular music's most successful artists from other eras died within eight weeks of each other in 1977. [[Elvis Presley]], the best-selling singer of all time, died on August 16, 1977.<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,337778,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020820102101/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,337778,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 20, 2002 |magazine=Time |first=Jessica |last=Reaves |title=Person of the Week: Elvis Presley |date=August 15, 2002}}</ref> Presley's funeral was held at [[Graceland]], on Thursday, August 18, 1977. [[Bing Crosby]], who sold about 50 million records, died on October 14, 1977. His single, [[White Christmas (song)|White Christmas]], remains the best-selling single of all time, confirmed by the [[Guinness Records]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://img299.imageshack.us/img299/3315/guinness2007.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-10-05 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319072130/http://img299.imageshack.us/img299/3315/guinness2007.pdf |archive-date=2015-03-19 }}</ref>

In addition to the deaths in the 1970s, breakups of bands and duos; such as [[the Beatles]], [[Simon and Garfunkel]], [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]], [[the Everly Brothers]], and others; occurred over the course of the decade.

Statistically, Led Zeppelin and Elton John were the most successful musical acts of the 1970s, both having sold more than 300 million records since 1969.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Music/12/09/led.zep/index.html|title=Can Led Zeppelin still rock?|last=Sorel-Cameron|first=Peter|date=2007-12-09|publisher=CNN|access-date=2010-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/b83bc61f-8451-4a5d-8b8e-7e9ed295e822 |title=Elton John |work=[[BBC.co.uk]] |access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref>

During the 1970s, Japan had the second largest music market in the world.<ref>Billboard. 19 December 1970, pp 12 & [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mSkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52#v=onepage&q&f=false 52]. 22 December 1979, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT15#v=onepage&q&f=false p 14].</ref> [[J-pop#1970s: Development of "new music"|Popular music]] included [[Kayōkyoku#1970s–1980s: Idol kayō era|kayōkyoku]], [[Japanese idol#1960–1980: Post-war era and idol beginnings|idols]], [[New music (Japanese genre)|new music]], [[Japanese rock#1970s to 1980s: Diversification|rock]] and [[Enka#1960s–1970s: Commercial success|enka]]. Musical artists and bands included [[Momoe Yamaguchi]], [[Saori Minami]], the [[Candies (group)|Candies]], [[Pink Lady (duo)|Pink Lady]], [[Hiromi Go]], [[Hideki Saijo]], [[Yumi Matsutoya|Yuming]], [[Saki Kubota]], [[Judy Ongg]] and [[Sachiko Kobayashi]].
[[File:Adios Sui Generis.png|thumb|Public at the farewell concert of [[Sui Generis]] (1975)]]
[[Argentine rock]] became the most popular musical genre in [[Argentina]] among youngsters, and became famous throughout [[Latin America]]. Legendary argentine rockstar [[Charly García]] formed his first band, [[Sui Generis]] ([[Folk rock|Folk Rock]]), which released Argentine rock staples such as [[:es:Rasguña_las_piedras|''Rasguña las piedras'' (''Scratch the Stones'')]] and [[:es:Canción_para_mi_muerte|''Canción para mi muerte'' (''Song for My Death'')]]. In 1978, Charly García formed the first Latin American [[Supergroup (music)|supergroup]] [[Serú Girán]] ([[Progressive rock|Progressive Rock]]), which released some of the greatest rock anthems in Latin America, such as ''[[:es:Nena_(Eiti_Leda)|Eiti Leda]]'' and ''[[:es:Seminare|Seminare]].''
[[File:Pescado Rabioso-Spinetta - Artaud.png|thumb|[[Pescado Rabioso]]'s ''[[Artaud (album)|Artaud]]'s'' album cover (1973)]]
[[Luis Alberto Spinetta]] achieved national acclaim with [[Almendra (band)|Almendra]], perhaps the first successful progressive rock band in Latin America, their greatest hit was ''[[:es:Muchacha_(Ojos_de_papel)|Muchacha (Ojos de papel)]].'' Later in 1973, Pescado Rabioso (Spinetta's second band) launched ''[[Artaud (album)|Artaud]],'' for many the magnus opus of Argentine rock.

Other relevant argentine musicians and bands of the 1970s are [[Vox Dei (band)|Vox Dei]], [[Pappo]], [[Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota]].

===Film===
{{Main|1970s in film}}

[[File:Hong kong bruce lee statue.jpg|thumb|right| [[Bruce Lee]] fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema]]
Oscar winners of the decade were ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]'' (1970), ''[[The French Connection (film)|The French Connection]]'' (1971), ''[[The Godfather]]'' (1972), ''[[The Sting]]'' (1973), ''[[The Godfather Part II]]'' (1974), ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' (1975), ''[[Rocky]]'' (1976), ''[[Annie Hall]]'' (1977), ''[[The Deer Hunter]]'' (1978), and ''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]'' (1979).

The top ten highest-grossing films of the decade are (in order from highest to lowest grossing): ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'', ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]'', ''[[The Exorcist (film)|The Exorcist]]'', ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'', ''[[Superman (1978 film)|Superman]]'', ''[[The Godfather]]'', ''[[Saturday Night Fever]]'', ''[[Rocky]]'', and ''[[Jaws 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=All-Time Box Office: World-wide |website = [[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/boxoffice/alltimegross?region=world-wide |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125114400/http://www.imdb.com/boxoffice/alltimegross?region=world-wide |archive-date=2011-11-25 }}</ref> Two of these movies came out on the same day: June 16, 1978.

In 1970s [[European cinema]], the failure of the [[Prague Spring]] brought about nostalgic motion pictures such as [[István Szabó]]'s ''Szerelmesfilm'' (1970). [[German New Wave]] and [[Rainer Fassbinder]]'s existential movies characterized film-making in Germany. The movies of the Swedish director [[Ingmar Bergman]] reached a new level of expression in motion pictures like ''[[Cries and Whispers]]'' (1973).

''[[Airport (1970 film)|Airport]]'' was released in 1970, spawning the [[Disaster film|air disaster film]] genre. Throughout the decade, the film spawned  three sequels: ''[[Airport 1975]], [[Airport '77]], and [[The Concorde... Airport '79]]''. The genre also inspired a spoof film (''[[Airplane!]]'') along with its two sequels in the early 1980s. A slew of other air disaster films followed suit throughout the 1980s and well into the 1990s, primarily in made-for-TV movies.

[[Car chase]] movies also became a popular film genre of the 1970s with such films as ''[[Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry]]'' in 1974, and perhaps the genre's most popular film ''[[Smokey and the Bandit]]'' in 1977.
[[File:ZubaidaTharwat&SalahZulfikar.jpg|alt=ZubaidaTharwat&SalahZulfikar|thumb|210x210px|[[Salah Zulfikar]] and [[Zubaida Tharwat]] in ''[[The Other Man (1973 film)|The Other Man]]'' (1973)]]
Asian cinema of the 1970s catered to the rising middle class fantasies and struggles. In the [[Bollywood]] cinema of India, this was epitomized by the movies of Bollywood superhero [[Amitabh Bachchan]]. Another Asian touchstone beginning in the early 1970s was [[Hong Kong martial arts film]] which sparked a greater interest in Chinese martial arts around the world. [[Martial arts film]] reached the peak of its popularity largely in part due to its greatest icon, [[Bruce Lee]].
During the 1970s, Hollywood continued the [[New Hollywood]] movement of the late-1960s with young filmmakers like [[Francis Ford Coppola]], [[George Lucas]], [[Martin Scorsese]] and [[Steven Spielberg]], as well as films like ''[[Apocalypse Now]]'', ''[[The Godfather]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', ''[[Taxi Driver]]'', ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'', and ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]''. Top-grossing ''Jaws'' (1975) ushered in the [[blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] era of filmmaking, though it was eclipsed two years later by the science-fiction film ''Star Wars'' (1977). ''Saturday Night Fever'' (1977) single-handedly touched off disco mania in the U.S. ''The Godfather'' (1972) was also one of the decade's greatest successes and its first follow-up, ''[[The Godfather Part II]]'' (1974) was also successful for a sequel.

''[[The Rocky Horror Picture Show]]'' flopped in its 1975 debut, only to reappear as a more-popular midnight show later in the decade. Still in limited release decades after its premiere, it is the longest-running theatrical release in film history.

''[[The Exorcist]]'' (1973) was a box office success for the horror genre, inspiring many other so-called "devil (Satan)" films like ''[[The Omen]]'' and both of their own sequels. The release of the movie followed a general mood of paranoia on satanic themes in the United States; also the counterculture of the 1970s saw an increasing interest in [[occultism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Simon |first=Ed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gahEEAAAQBAJ |title=Pandemonium: A Visual History of Demonology |publisher=Abrams |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-64700-389-0 |pages=369–370 |language=en}}</ref>

''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979) gained high critical praise, winning four Oscars and several other awards. It was an inductee of the 2001 [[National Film Registry]] list.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |title=Complete National Film Registry Listing &#124; Film Registry &#124; National Film Preservation Board &#124; Programs &#124; Library of Congress |website=www.loc.gov |access-date=2018-03-18}}</ref>

The [[Golden Age of Porn]] continued its reign throughout the 1970s, with one of its most popular films of the decade being ''[[Debbie Does Dallas]]'' in 1978.

===Television===
{{Main|1970s in television}}

====United Kingdom====
In the United Kingdom, colour channels were now available; three stations had begun broadcasting in colour between 1967 and 1969. However, many viewers continued to watch black-and-white television sets for most of the decade, which meant for example that televised [[snooker]] (in which the colour of balls is important) did not reach the heights of its popularity until the 1980s.

Notable dramas included ''[[Play for Today]]'' and ''[[Pennies from Heaven (TV series)|Pennies from Heaven]]''. In police dramas, there was a move towards increasing realism; popular shows included ''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]'', ''[[Z-Cars]]'', ''[[Softly, Softly (television series)|Softly, Softly]]'', and ''[[The Sweeney]]''.

The science fiction show ''[[Doctor Who]]'' reached its peak.

1970s UK television featured a mix of traditional more modern comedies and sitcoms. ''[[Fawlty Towers]]'', ''[[Morecambe and Wise]]'', ''[[The Benny Hill Show]]'', ''[[Are You Being Served?]]'' and ''[[Dad's Army]]'' had their origins in the variety show and radio comedy of the first half of the century. Many popular British [[situation comedy|situation comedies]] (sit-coms) were gentle, unchallenging comedies of middle-class life; typical examples were ''[[Terry and June]]'' and ''[[Sykes (TV series)|Sykes]]''. However, the middle-class settings of ''[[The Good Life (1975 TV series)|The Good Life]]'' and ''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]'' contrasted with their anti-establishment theme of people rejecting traditional social norms. A harsher side of society was shown by comedy series like ''[[Porridge (1974 TV series)|Porridge]]'' and ''[[Rising Damp]]'', while sitcoms such as ''[[Mind Your Language]]'', ''[[Love Thy Neighbour (1972 TV series)|Love Thy Neighbour]]'' and ''[[Till Death Us Do Part]]'' reflected social unease brought about by post-war immigration. [[Spike Milligan]]'s ''[[Q (TV series)|Q]]'' and the still-popular ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]'' both used surreal comedy, originating from the 1950s ''[[The Goon Show]]''.

During the 1970s, the original animated television series ''[[Roobarb]]'' and ''[[Noah and Nelly in... SkylArk]]''.

The television information retrieval service [[Teletext]] was initially introduced when the BBC [[Ceefax]] system went live on 23 September 1974.

In the late 1970s, BBC2's unveiled a new identity, a twin-striped "2", which was the first electronically generated symbol and scrolled on and off the screen.

====United States====
[[File:Redd Foxx Demond Wilson Sanford and Son 1972.JPG|thumb|right|[[Redd Foxx]] and [[Demond Wilson]] from ''[[Sanford and Son]]'']]

As the 1970s began, the Big Three TV networks were rapidly re-engineering their lineups, noting that existing programs were not attracting the youth audience. Most existing programs still operated on paradigms established in the 1950s, and some shows had literally been on the air since the dawn of TV broadcasting in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Shows that had low ratings or insufficient youth appeal were cancelled as networks scrambled to attract the large [[baby boomer]] audience.

To reflect the new social trends, television changed dramatically with more urban and edgy settings, and replaced the popular rural/country wholesome look of the 1950s and 1960s, seen as outmoded and unable to connect with young, educated urban audiences. This particular trend was known as the [[rural purge]]. Television was transformed by what became termed as "social consciousness" programming, such as ''[[All in the Family]]'' and ''[[Soap (TV series)|Soap]]'', which broke down television barriers. Many advertising trends of the 1970s also reflected this growing social consciousness trend, such as with Coca-Cola's "Give the World a Coke" and Mcdonalds' "You Deserve a Break" campaigns.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1970s Advertising Campaigns that Affected Pop Culture|url=https://frahmdigital.com/70s-commercials/|website=Frahm Digital|date=6 October 2020 }}</ref>

The women's movement ushered in a slew of programming featuring strong, independent females as central characters. Most notable was ''[[The Mary Tyler Moore Show]]'', which spawned the successful spin-offs ''[[Rhoda]]'' and ''[[Phyllis (TV series)|Phyllis]]'', and also resulted in Mary Tyler Moore becoming the first female to head a television production company of her own, [[MTM Enterprises]], which churned out groundbreaking programming in the late 1970s throughout the 1990s. Women were also established portraying action characters in programs like ''[[Police Woman (TV series)|Police Woman]]'', ''[[Wonder Woman (TV series)|Wonder Woman]]'', ''[[The Bionic Woman]]'', and others.

Minority-centric television programming also featured prominently during the 1970s. Shows featuring African-Americans as main characters, such as ''[[Sanford and Son]]'', ''[[Maude (TV series)|Maude]]'', ''[[The Jeffersons]]'', ''[[Good Times]]'', ''[[Roots (1977 miniseries)|Roots]]'' and ''[[What's Happening!!]]'' broke down barriers and became very popular. In addition, ''[[Soul Train]]'', the brainchild of [[Don Cornelius]], premiered in 1971 as the African-American counterpart to ''[[American Bandstand]]'', giving a forum for [[Soul music|soul]], [[funk]], [[jazz]], [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[disco]], and future [[rap]] and [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] artists to gain exposure to American audiences, consumers, music lovers, enthusiasts, and those keen on learning new dance moves.

The television [[western (genre)|western]], which had been very popular in the 1950s and 1960s, all but died out during the 1970s, with ''[[Bonanza]]'', ''[[The Virginian (TV series)|The Virginian]]'', and ''[[Gunsmoke]]'' ending their runs. Replacing westerns were police and detective shows, a trend that would last through the 1980s.

Television still had its medical shows of the 1970s, however, ''[[Emergency!]]'' was the first popular [[medical drama]] ever to feature both the paramedic program as well as the hospital emergency department, which also encouraged future people in the United States to develop their own paramedic program or hospital emergency department, and acted as an inspiration for many individuals. ''[[Marcus Welby, M.D.]]'' and ''[[Medical Center (TV series)|Medical Center]]'' were other long-running medical dramas popular during the 1970s.

1950s nostalgia and pop culture became a theme in prime time sitcoms with the [[Garry Marshall]]-produced ''[[Happy Days]]'' and its two [[Spin-off (media)|spin-offs]] ''[[Laverne & Shirley]]'' and ''[[Mork & Mindy]]''.

By the mid-to-late 1970s, "[[jiggle television]]"—programs oriented toward sexual gratification and [[farce]] comedy and situations—became popular.  Such programs included ''[[Charlie's Angels]]'', ''[[The Love Boat]]'', and perhaps the genre's most popular, ''[[Three's Company]]''.

Soap operas expanded their audiences beyond [[housewives]] with the rise of ''[[All My Children]]'', ''[[As the World Turns]]'', ''[[Somerset]]'', and ''[[The Young and the Restless]]''; with many extending their episodes from 30 minutes to an hour. The soap ''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]'' began a 16-month experiment in March 1979 by screening 90-minute episodes, the only serial to do so.

[[Game shows]] such as ''[[Match Game]]'', ''[[The Hollywood Squares]]'', ''[[Family Feud]]'', and many others, saw their golden ages on [[Daytime television in the United States|daytime television]]. The height of ''Match Game''{{'}}s popularity occurred between 1973 and 1977, before it was overtaken by ''Family Feud'' in 1978. Television's current longest-running game show, ''[[The Price Is Right (U.S. game show)|The Price Is Right]]'', began its run hosted by [[Bob Barker]] in 1972.

Another influential genre was the television newscast, which built on its initial widespread success in the 1960s.

The science fiction phenomenon of the late 1970s that began with ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' went to television with shows such as ''[[Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]''.

[[Variety shows]], a staple of TV programming since the beginning, were also re-engineered to appeal to young viewers. Old standbys such as ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]'' and ''[[The Red Skelton Show]]'' were canceled and replaced by hipper programming like ''[[Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour]]'' and ''[[Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)|Donny & Marie]]''. ''[[The Carol Burnett Show]]'' also ended its historic 11-year run in 1978. In the end, rising production costs largely did in variety shows. The exception was ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' (then known as ''NBC's Saturday Night''), which was created by [[Lorne Michaels]] and premiered in 1975, with an original cast of [[Laraine Newman]], [[John Belushi]], [[Jane Curtin]], [[Gilda Radner]], [[Dan Aykroyd]], [[Garrett Morris]], and [[Chevy Chase]]. The country music variety show ''[[Hee Haw]]'', which premiered in 1969, was the only series to survive the "rural purge" and continued throughout the 70s, 80s, and into the 1990s before ending its run, although the series went into syndication after its first three seasons.

''[[The Dukes of Hazzard]]'' began its six-year run in 1979. The series was inspired by the car-chase film genre, particularly the 1975 film ''[[Moonrunners]]'', on which the series was based, with similar characters and scenes; and both were directed by [[Gy Waldron]] and voice-over narrated by country music artist [[Waylon Jennings]].

=====Pay television=====
As cable television became more affordable and accessible by U.S. consumers, the race to bring the silver screen to the small screen commenced with the launch of [[pay television]] services showing premium content.

[[HBO]] launched on November 8, 1972, becoming the nation's first pay-television channel. On September 30, 1975, HBO became the first television network to continuously deliver signals via satellite when it showed the "[[Thrilla in Manila]]" boxing match between [[Muhammad Ali]] and [[Joe Frazier]].

Star Channel launched its service offerings nationally in 1973 through the delivery of movies on videotapes for cable providers to broadcast. This proved problematic since the videotapes were often riddled with technical difficulties. Star Channel eventually was linked up to satellite in January 1978. Shortly after, Warner Communications acquired the channel and relaunched it on December 1, 1979, in its current form as [[The Movie Channel]].

Media giant [[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]] launched their premium service, [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]], nationally on July 1, 1976, after a brief, wildly successful test launch on their cable system in [[Dublin, California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/corporate-profile-showtime|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629195653/http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/corporate-profile-showtime|url-status=dead|title=Corporate profile: Showtime - Marketplace.org|date=29 June 2012|archive-date=29 June 2012}}</ref>

====Australia====
In 1974, Australian TV tested color transmissions (full-time color came in 1975). Popular shows during the decade include, ''[[Young Talent Time]]'', ''[[Number 96 (TV series)|Number 96]]'', ''[[The Aunty Jack Show]]'', ''[[Class of '74]]'', ''[[The Sullivans]]'', ''[[The Don Lane Show]]'', ''[[Cop Shop]]'', ''[[The Naked Vicar Show]]'', ''[[The Paul Hogan Show]]'' and ''[[Countdown (Australian TV series)|Countdown]]''.

====South Africa====
South Africa saw nationwide television service for the first time on January 5, 1976, although limited-view, locally available television began on May 5, 1975.

====Japan====
The original anime television series ''[[Vicky the Viking]]'', ''[[Heidi, Girl of the Alps|Heidi]]'', ''[[Maya the Honey Bee|Maya the Bee]]'' and ''[[Doraemon (1979 TV series)|Doraemon]]'' in both 1974, 1975 and 1979, respectively.

===Computer and video games===
[[File:Pong bs.png|thumb|right|250px|[[Pong]] (1972)]]
[[File:Milton-Bradley-Microvision-Handheld-FL.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Microvision]] (1979) is the first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges.]]
{{Main|1970s in video games}}
{{See also|History of video games#1970s}}

* Popular and notable video games of the 1970s include: ''[[Space Invaders]]'', ''[[Asteroids (video game)|Asteroids]]'', ''[[Pong]]'', and ''[[Breakout (video game)|Breakout]]''.
* [[Golden age of video arcade games]]
* ''[[Gun Fight]]'' was the first video game to contain a [[microprocessor]].
* ''[[The Oregon Trail (1971 video game)|The Oregon Trail]]'' was the first publicly available educational video game made available for widespread use in schools on December 3, 1971. The game is a cult classic and is still used today, in a wide variety of formats, through emulators and on smartphones.
* The first commercially available video game console, entitled [[Magnavox Odyssey]], was released in September 1972, created by [[Ralph H. Baer]].
*[[1974 in video gaming|1974]]: Both ''[[Maze War]]'' (on the [[Imlac PDS-1]] at the [[NASA Ames Research Center]] in California) and ''[[Spasim]]'' (on PLATO) appeared, pioneering examples of early multiplayer 3D [[first-person shooter]]s.
* In 1976, [[Mattel]] introduced the first [[handheld electronic game]] with the release of [[Mattel Auto Race]].
* Then, in 1976, [[William Crowther (computer programmer)|William Crowther]] wrote the first modern text adventure game, [[Colossal Cave Adventure]].
* [[Apple, Inc.]] ushered in the modern personal computing age with its June 1, 1977, launch of the first mass-produced personal computer, the [[Apple&nbsp;II]]. Although many business-focused personal workstations were available to corporations years earlier, the Apple&nbsp;II has the distinction of being the first to produce personal computers specifically targeted to home users, beating the [[Commodore PET]] and [[Atari 400]] to the market by five months. The original retail price of the computer was US$1298<ref>{{cite book|last=Forster| first=Winnie|author-link=Winnie Forster|title=The encyclopedia of consoles, handhelds & home computers 1972–2005|year=2005|publisher=GAMEPLAN|isbn=3-00-015359-4|page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Apple|title=Introducing Apple II|url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1977-06/1977_06_BYTE_02-06_Cognitive_Robot#page/n15/mode/2up|website=Archive|date=June 1977 |access-date=4 September 2014|ref=Apple II Advertisement}}</ref> (with 4&nbsp;KB of RAM) and US$2638 (with the maximum 48&nbsp;KB of RAM).
* The [[Atari 2600]] was released in October 1977 and was a huge commercial success. It was challenged by the [[Magnavox Odyssey²]] and [[Intellivision]].
* [[Fairchild Channel F]] from 1976 becomes the first programmable [[ROM cartridge]]-based video game console.
* The [[Microvision]] was the first hand-held game console using interchangeable cartridges. It was released by the [[Milton Bradley Company]] in November 1979.
[[File:Kempes versus Holanda3.JPG|thumb|304x304px|[[Mario Kempes]] scores the first goal in the [[1978 FIFA World Cup final|1978 World Cup Final]] for [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]]]]

===Sports===
{{Main|1970s in sports}}
The [[1972 Summer Olympics]] in Munich, Germany saw swimmer [[Mark Spitz]] set seven World Records and won a record seven gold medals. The [[1976 Summer Olympics]] were held in [[Montreal]], Quebec, Canada. [[Brazil]] won the [[FIFA World Cup 1970|1970 FIFA World Cup]] in Mexico, West Germany won the [[FIFA World Cup 1974|1974 FIFA World Cup]] in West Germany, and Argentina won the [[FIFA World Cup 1978|1978 FIFA World Cup]] in Argentina. The [[1970 FIFA World Cup]] was the first world cup to be televised in color.

On April 9, 1975, Asia's first professional basketball league, the [[Philippine Basketball Association]] (PBA) had its first game at the [[Smart Araneta Coliseum|Araneta Coliseum]] in Cubao, [[Quezon City]], Philippines.

====United States====
[[File:Dave Schultz hockey.JPG|thumb|150px|[[Dave Schultz (ice hockey)|Dave Schultz]] won Stanley Cup two times]]
The [[Oakland Athletics]] three-peated at the World Series in [[1972 World Series|1972]]–[[1974 World Series|1974]].

The [[Cincinnati Reds]] go to the [[World Series]] in [[1970 World Series|1970]], [[1972 World Series|1972]], [[1975 World Series|1975]], and [[1976 World Series|1976]], led by the [[Big Red Machine]] winning two out of four.

The [[New York Yankees]] won the World Series in [[1977 World Series|1977]] and [[1978 World Series|1978]] after losing in [[1976 World Series|1976]].

The [[Dallas Cowboys]] and the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] dominated the decade in the NFL. Steelers were led by [[Terry Bradshaw]] and [[Chuck Noll]], and the Cowboys were led by [[Roger Staubach]] and [[Tom Landry]], while the [[Miami Dolphins]] became the only team in NFL history to go "all the way," winning the [[Super Bowl]] with an [[1972 Miami Dolphins season|undefeated record]]—a feat that remains unmatched to this day.

The [[Philadelphia Flyers]] won the [[Stanley Cup]] in [[1974 Stanley Cup Finals|1974]] and [[1975 Stanley Cup Finals|1975]], a team best remembered as "The Broad Street Bullies".

====Disc sports (Frisbee)====
As numbers of young people became alienated from social norms, they resisted and looked for alternatives. They would form what would become known as the [[counterculture]]. The forms of escape and resistance would manifest in many ways including social activism, alternative lifestyles, experimental living through foods, dress, music and alternative recreational activities, including that of throwing a [[frisbee]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Countercultural Sports in America: The History and Meaning of Ultimate Frisbee|first=Jordan |last=Holtzman-Conston |publisher=Waltham, Mass|year= 2010|isbn=978-3838311951}}</ref> What started with a few players like Victor Malafronte, Z Weyand and [[Ken Westerfield]] experimenting with new ways of throwing and catching a frisbee, later would become known as playing [[Flying disc freestyle|freestyle]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Freestyle Players Hall of Fame Pioneer Class|work=FPA Hall of Fame|url=http://www.freestyledisc.org/hall-of-fame/|access-date=October 3, 2017|archive-date=April 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426195915/http://www.freestyledisc.org/hall-of-fame/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Organized disc sports, in the 1970s, began with promotional efforts from [[Wham-O]] and [[Irwin Toy]] (Canada), a few tournaments and professionals using frisbee show tours to perform at universities, fairs and sporting events.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Frisbee and Flying Disc freestyle|work=Formative Years Frisbee Sports|url=http://www.freestyledisc.org/freestyle-history/#chapter2|access-date=October 3, 2017|date=2017-05-11}}</ref> Disc sports such as freestyle, [[double disc court]], [[Guts (flying disc game)|guts]], [[Ultimate (sport)|disc ultimate]] and [[disc golf]] became this sports first events.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Flying Disc Federation|url=http://wfdf.org/|work=WFDF Official Website|access-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=World Flying Disc Federation|url=http://wfdf.org/history-stats/history-of-flying-disc|work=History of the Flying Disc|access-date=October 20, 2013}}</ref>

===Literature===
{{Main|1970s in literature}}
[[File:Borgesygroupies.jpg|thumb|270x270px|[[Jorge Luis Borges]] with admirers in 1976.]]
Fiction in the early 1970s brought a return to old-fashioned storytelling, especially with [[Erich Segal]]'s ''[[Love Story (1970 film)|Love Story]]''. The seventies also saw the decline of previously well-respected writers, such as [[Saul Bellow]] and [[Peter De Vries]], who both released poorly received novels at the start of the decade. Racism remained a key literary subject. [[John Updike]] emerged as a major literary figure. Reflections on the 1960s experience also found roots in the literature of the decade through the works of [[Joyce Carol Oates]] and [[Wright Morris]]. With the rising cost of hard-cover books and the increasing readership of "[[genre fiction]]", the paperback became a popular medium. Criminal non-fiction also became a popular topic. Irreverence and satire, typified in [[Kurt Vonnegut]]'s ''[[Breakfast of Champions]]'', were common literary elements. The horror genre also emerged, and by the late 1970s [[Stephen King]] had become one of the most popular [[genre novelist]]s. The [[postmodern]] author [[Thomas Pynchon]] published his most famous work, ''[[Gravity's Rainbow]]'', in 1973.

In non-fiction, several books related to Nixon and the [[Watergate scandal]] topped the best-selling lists. 1977 brought many high-profile biographical works of literary figures, such as those of [[Virginia Woolf]], [[Agatha Christie]], and [[J.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;R. Tolkien]].

The [[List of fake memoirs and journals|fake memoir]] ''[[Go Ask Alice]]'' was released in 1971. Upon its initial release the book was marketed as a real diary of a teenage girl who overdosed in the 1960s. However, it was later revealed that the book was actually written by [[Beatrice Sparks]].

[[Jorge Luis Borges]] published ''[[:es:El_informe_de_Brodie|Dr. Brodie's Report]]'' in 1970 and ''[[The Book of Sand (short story collection)|The Book Of Sand]]'' in 1975.

[[Julio Cortázar]] published [[Octaedro]] in 1974.

[[Ernesto Sabato|Ernesto Sábato]] published ''[[Abaddón el exterminador|Abaddón The Exterminator]],'' his last novel, in 1974.

===Architecture===
{{multiple image
| direction         = horizontal
| width1            = 118
| width2            = 130
| footer            = 
| image1            = World Trade Center, New York City - aerial view (March 2001).jpg
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = The [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] towers were the world's tallest buildings from 1972 to 1973.
| image2            = Sears Tower ss.jpg
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = The [[Sears Tower]] became the world's tallest building when completed in 1973.
}}

[[File:CN Tower 1976.jpg|100px|thumb|The [[CN Tower]] was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure.]]
Architecture in the 1970s began as a continuation of styles created by such architects as [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] and [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]]. Early in the decade, several architects competed to build the tallest building in the world. Of these buildings, the most notable are the [[John Hancock Center]] and [[Sears Tower]] in Chicago, both designed by [[Bruce Graham]] and [[Fazlur Khan]], and the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] towers in New York by American architect [[Minoru Yamasaki]]. The decade also brought experimentation in geometric design, [[pop-art]], [[postmodernism]], and early [[deconstructivism]].

Design trends in the 1970s were marked by a backlash against the bright colors and futurism of the 1950s and 1960s and a rise in popularity of dark, earthy tones with extensive use of brown, green, purple, and orange. Wood decor and paneling was integral to 1970s interior design as well, replacing the obsession of the 1950s and 1960s with chrome and aluminum. Darker colors not only reflected the back-to-nature mindset of the decade, but the sluggish world economy with its lowered optimism and expectations for the future.

In 1974, [[Louis Kahn]]'s last and arguably most famous building, the National Assembly Building of [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh, was completed. The building's use of open spaces and groundbreaking geometry brought rare attention to the small South Asian country. [[Hugh Stubbins]]'s [[Citigroup Center|Citicorp Center]] revolutionized the incorporation of solar panels in office buildings. The seventies brought further experimentation in glass and steel construction and geometric design. Chinese architect [[I. M. Pei]]'s [[John Hancock Tower]] in [[Boston]], Massachusetts, is an example, although like many buildings of the time, the experimentation was flawed and glass panes fell from the façade. In 1976, the completed [[CN&nbsp;Tower]] in Toronto became the world's tallest free-standing structure on land, an honor it held until 2007. The fact that no taller tower had been built between the construction of the CN Tower and the [[Burj Khalifa]] shows how innovative the architecture and engineering of the structure truly were.

Modern architecture was increasingly criticized as the decade went on from the point of view of postmodern architects, such as [[Philip Johnson]], Charles Moore, and [[Michael Graves]], who advocated a return to pre-modern styles of architecture and the incorporation of pop elements as a means of communicating with a broader public. Other architects, such as [[Peter Eisenman]] of the [[New York Five]], advocated the pursuit of form for the sake of form and drew on semiotics theory for support.

"High Tech" architecture moved forward as [[Buckminster Fuller]] continued his experiments in [[geodesic domes]], while the [[Centre Georges Pompidou|Georges Pompidou Center]], designed by [[Renzo Piano]] and [[Richard Rogers]], which opened in 1977, was a prominent example. As the decade drew to a close, [[Frank Gehry]] broke out in a new direction with his own house in Santa Monica, a highly complex structure, half excavated out of an existing bungalow and half cheaply built construction using materials such as chicken wire fencing.

[[Terracotta Army]] figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers in Lintong District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China, near the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (Chinese: 秦始皇陵; pinyin: Qín Shǐhuáng Ling). In 1978, electrical workers in [[Mexico City]] found the remains of the [[Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan]] in the middle of the city.

===Fashion===
{{Main|1970s in fashion}}
Clothing styles during the 1970s were influenced by outfits seen in popular music groups and in Hollywood films.<ref name=collectorsweekly>[http://www.collectorsweekly.com/1970s "Time Machine > 1970s". ''Collectors Weekly'', undated] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125052738/http://www.collectorsweekly.com/1970s |date=2010-01-25 }}, retrieved on 2009-01-06.</ref> In clothing, prints, especially from India and other parts of the world, were fashionable.<ref name=collectorsweekly/>

Much of the 1970s fashion styles were influenced by the [[History of the hippie movement#1970 to present|hippie movement]]. As well as the hippie look, the 70s also gave way to [[glam rock]] styles, started off by [[David Bowie]] who was named the King of Glam Rock. Glam was a [[genderbent]] and outlandish style.

Significant fashion trends of the 1970s include:

* [[Bell-bottoms|Bell-bottomed pants]] remained popular throughout the decade. These combined with [[Polo neck|turtle necked shirts]] and flower-prints to form the characteristic 1970s look. In the later part of the decade, this gave way to three-piece suits, in large part because of the movie ''[[Saturday Night Fever]]''.
* [[Sideburn]]s were popular for men, particularly mutton chops; as were [[beard]]s and [[mustaches]] which had been out of fashion since the 19th and early 20th century.
* Women's hairstyles went from long and straight in the first half of the decade to the feathery cut of [[Farrah Fawcett]], a trend that continued through the first half of the 1980s.
* [[Miniskirt]]s and [[minidress]]es were still popular in the first half of the decade, particularly with pleated "rah-rah" skirts with higher hemlines; but they were quickly phased out by the mid-70s in favor of [[hot pants]]. However, miniskirts and minidresses never totally went away, and they made a return to mainstream fashion in the mid-1980s and has remained a fashion staple in the decades since.
* [[Crop top]]s and [[hot pants]] became popular summer outfits among young women and teenage girls in the second half of the decade.
* [[Platform shoes]]
* [[Leisure suit]]s
* [[Mohawk hairstyle]] was associated with [[punk subculture]]
* [[Flokati rug]]s
* [[Lava lamp]]s
* [[Papasan chair]]s

<gallery widths="190px" perrow="5">
File:Redhead Beach Bell Bottoms.jpg| [[Bell-bottoms|Bell-bottomed pants]] were especially popular throughout the decade
File:Farrah_Fawcett_1977.JPG|The [[Farrah Fawcett]] hairstyle was considered particularly fashionable during the decade
File:Young-Dolly-Parton.jpg|Denim jackets and headbands were also a trend, modeled here by [[Dolly Parton]] in 1977
File:Blue disco quad roller skates.jpg|Roller-skating was at its peak in the 1970s, and was closely associated with disco music and [[roller disco]]s
File:A girl in Kensington.JPG|[[Miniskirts]] were still popular in the first half of the decade
File:Billy Preston.jpg|[[Billy Preston]] sporting an [[afro]] in 1974
</gallery>