Editing Woodrow Wilson (section)

====Red Scare and Palmer Raids====
[[File:June 3 1919 Newspapers of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings.png|thumb|Newspaper headlines on June 3, 1919, covering the [[1919 United States anarchist bombings|bombings]]]]
Following the [[October Revolution|Bolshevik Revolution]] in [[Russia]] and similar revolutionary attempts in [[Germany]] and [[Hungary]], many Americans feared the possibility of terrorism in the United States. Such concerns were inflamed by the [[1919 United States anarchist bombings|bombings]] in April 1919 when anarchists mailed 38 bombs to prominent Americans; one person was killed but most packages were intercepted. Nine more mail bombs were sent in June, injuring several people.<ref>Avrich (1991), pp. 140–143, 147, 149–156</ref> Fresh fears combined with a patriotic national mood sparking the "[[First Red Scare]]" in 1919. Attorney General Palmer from November 1919 to January 1920 launched the [[Palmer Raids]] to suppress radical organizations. Over 10,000 people were arrested and 556 aliens were deported, including [[Emma Goldman]].<ref>Stanley Coben, ''A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician'' (Columbia UP, 1963) pp. 217–245.</ref> Palmer's activities met resistance from the courts and some senior administration officials. No one told Wilson what Palmer was doing.<ref>Cooper (1990), p. 329</ref><ref>Harlan Grant Cohen, "The (un) favorable judgment of history: Deportation hearings, the Palmer raids, and the meaning of history". ''New York University Law Review'' 78 (2003): 1431–1474. [http://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1846&context=fac_artchop online]</ref> Later in 1920, the [[Wall Street bombing]] on September 16 killed 40 and injured hundreds in the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil up to that point. Anarchists took credit and promised more violence; they escaped capture.<ref name="bgage1">{{cite book|last1=Gage|first1=Beverly|title=The Day Wall Street Exploded: A Story of America in its First Age of Terror|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/daywallstreetexp0000gage/page/179 179–182]}}</ref>