Editing Winter War (section)

===Moscow Peace Treaty===
{{Main|Moscow Peace Treaty}}
[[File:Finnish areas ceded in 1940.png|thumb|alt=A drawing shows that the Finns ceded a small part of Rybachy Peninsula and part of Salla in the Finnish Lapland; and a part of Karelia and the islands of the Gulf of Finland in the south as well as a lease on the Hanko peninsula in southwestern Finland.|Finland's territorial concessions to the Soviet Union displayed in red]]

The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed in Moscow on 12 March 1940. A [[cease-fire]] took effect the next day at noon Leningrad time, 11&nbsp;a.m. Helsinki time.<ref>[[#Trotter2002|Trotter (2002)]], p. 254</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/news/3-5527174|title=70th Anniversary of the End of the Winter War|work=[[Yle News]]|date=13 March 2010|access-date=13 March 2022|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313031511/https://yle.fi/news/3-5527174|url-status=live}}</ref> With it, Finland ceded the Karelian Isthmus and most of Ladoga Karelia. The area included Viipuri (Finland's second-largest city [Population Register] or fourth-largest city [Church and Civil Register], depending on the census data<ref>[[#FinnYearbook1940|Statistics Finland (1940)]]</ref>), much of Finland's industrialised territory, and significant land still held by Finland's military{{snd}}all in all, nine per cent of Finnish territory. The ceded territory included 13 per cent of Finland's economic assets.<ref name="Kirby_215">[[#Kirby2006|Kirby (2006)]], p. 215</ref> 12 per cent of Finland's population, 422,000 to 450,000 Karelians, [[Evacuation of Finnish Karelia|were evacuated and lost their homes]].{{sfnp|Gadolin|1952|p=7}}<ref name="EP1985_142-143">[[#Engle&Paan1985|Engle and Paananen (1985)]], pp. 142–143</ref><ref name="helsinginsanomat1" /> Finland also ceded a part of the region of Salla, the Rybachy Peninsula in the [[Barents Sea]], and four islands in the Gulf of Finland. The Hanko peninsula was leased to the Soviet Union as a military base for 30 years. The region of Petsamo, captured by the Red Army during the war, was returned to Finland according to the treaty.<ref name="JS2006_10">[[#Jow&Snod2006|Jowett & Snodgrass (2006)]], p. 10</ref>

Finnish concessions and territorial losses exceeded [[Background of the Winter War#Soviet demands in late 1939|Soviet pre-war demands]]. Before the war, the Soviet Union demanded for the frontier with Finland on the Karelian Isthmus to be moved westward to a point {{convert|30|km|mi|0}} east of Viipuri to the line between Koivisto and [[Khiytola|Lipola]]; for existing fortifications on the Karelian Isthmus to be demolished and for the islands of [[Suursaari]], [[Tytärsaari]], and [[Beryozovye Islands|Koivisto]] in the Gulf of Finland and Rybachy Peninsula to be ceded. In exchange, the Soviet Union proposed to cede Repola and Porajärvi from Eastern Karelia, an area twice as large as the territories that were originally demanded from the Finns.<ref name="vanDyke_44">[[#VanDyke1997|Van Dyke (1997)]], pp. 189–190</ref><ref name="Turtola1999a_38-41"/><ref name="Trotter3">[[#Trotter2002|Trotter 2002]], pp. 14–16</ref>