Editing Wales (section)

===Performing arts===

====Music and festivals====
{{Main|Music of Wales|List of festivals in Wales}}
<!----Name spam section--->[[File:Sir Tom Jones at The Queen's Birthday Party (cropped-2).jpg|thumb|233x233px|Singer [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]]]]
Wales, "the land of song", is notable for its solo artists, its [[Men's chorus|male voice choirs]] and its harpists.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=Wales: Cultural life: Music, literature and film |encyclopedia=Britannica |edition=Online}}</ref> The annual ''[[National Eisteddfod]]'' is the country's main performance festival. The ''Llangollen [[International Eisteddfod]]'' provides an opportunity for the singers and musicians of the world to perform. The Welsh Folk Song Society publishes collections of historical songs and tunes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh Folk Song Society |url=http://www.canugwerin.com/en/publications.php |access-date=22 January 2015 |publisher=canugwerin.com |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235049/http://www.canugwerin.com/en/publications.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Traditional instruments of Wales include the ''telyn deires'' ([[triple harp]]), fiddle, ''[[crwth]]'' (bowed lyre) and the ''pibgorn'' (hornpipe).<ref>Davies (2008) pp. 179, 281, 353, 677</ref> Male voice choirs emerged in the 19th century, formed as the tenor and bass sections of chapel choirs, and embraced the popular secular hymns of the day.<ref name="Davies532">Davies (2008), p. 532.</ref> Welsh congregations and choirs were known for singing in a rousing four-voice style, becoming characteristic of the country.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Geraint H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sriBkaHhpREC&dq=wales+land+of+song&pg=PA209 |title=A Concise History of Wales |date=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-82367-8 |page=209 }}</ref> Many of the historic choirs survive in modern Wales, singing a mixture of traditional and popular songs.<ref name="Davies532" />

The [[BBC National Orchestra of Wales]] performs in Wales and internationally. The [[Welsh National Opera]] is based at the [[Wales Millennium Centre]] in [[Cardiff Bay]], while the [[National Youth Orchestra of Wales]] was the first of its type in the world.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 August 2010 |title=Music Preview: National Youth Orchestra of Wales |work=[[WalesOnline]] website |publisher=[[Media Wales|Media Wales Ltd]] |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/music-in-wales/2010/08/03/music-preview-national-youth-orchestra-of-wales-91466-26982123/ |access-date=26 September 2010}}</ref> Wales has a tradition of producing notable singers in both the classical and pop arenas,<ref>{{cite web |title=Wales' finest: 15 of the best Welsh musicians |url=https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/latest/gallery-wales/ |access-date=8 August 2020 |publisher=Classic FM |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803124013/https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/latest/gallery-wales/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as some popular bands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heatley |first=Michael |date=April 2017 |title=Badfinger: bad breaks, dumb luck and sheer tragedy |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/badfinger-bad-breaks-dumb-luck-tragedy-peter-ham |access-date=8 August 2020 |publisher=Classic Rock Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manic Street Preachers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/manic-street-preachers/ |access-date=8 August 2020 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The best Welsh bands of all time |url=https://www.radiox.co.uk/features/x-lists/best-welsh-bands/ |access-date=8 August 2020 |publisher=Radio X}}</ref> The Welsh [[folk music]] scene has enjoyed a resurgence in the 21st century.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aaron |first=Martin |date=24 October 2013 |title=Ten of the best: A history of Welsh folk music tradition |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-24557218 |access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref>

====Drama====
{{see also|Cinema of Wales|List of Welsh television series}}
[[File:Catherine Zeta-Jones VF 2012 Shankbone 2.jpg|thumb|195x195px|[[Catherine Zeta-Jones]], born in [[Swansea]]]]

The earliest surviving Welsh plays are two medieval [[miracle play]]s, ''Y Tri Brenin o Gwlen'' ("The three Kings from Cologne") and ''Y Dioddefaint a'r Atgyfodiad'' ("The Passion and the Resurrection").<ref>Davies (2008) p. 222</ref> A recognised Welsh tradition of theatre emerged during the 18th century, in the form of an [[Play (theatre)|interlude]], a metrical play performed at fairs and markets.<ref>Davies (2008) p. 223</ref> Drama in the early 20th century thrived, but the country established neither a Welsh National Theatre nor a national ballet company.<ref name="Davies192" /> After the Second World War, the substantial number of amateur theatre companies reduced by two-thirds.<ref name="Davies224">Davies (2008) p. 224</ref> Competition from television in the mid-20th century led to greater professionalism in the theatre.<ref name="Davies224" /> Plays by [[Emlyn Williams]] and [[Alun Owen]] and others were staged, while Welsh actors, including [[Richard Burton]] and [[Anthony Hopkins]], were establishing international reputations.<ref name="Davies224" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Actor Sir Anthony Hopkins inspires students at old college |work=BBC News |date=5 October 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-37563350 |access-date=4 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Price |first=Karen |date=22 January 2010 |title=Movers and shakers revitalising our arts – Cont. |work=[[WalesOnline]] website |publisher=[[Media Wales|Media Wales Ltd]] |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/showbiz/movers-shakers-revitalising-arts-1941085 |access-date=27 November 2010}}</ref> Wales has also produced some well-known comedians.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 April 2012 |title=Why so funny? – The top 10 Welsh comedians |work=[[WalesOnline]] website |publisher=[[Media Wales|Media Wales Ltd]] |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/funny---top-10-welsh-2048196 |access-date=14 February 2016}}</ref>

==== Dance ====
{{see also|Welsh dance|Welsh stepdance}}
[[File:Traditional Welsh dance and dress, Senedd, St David's Day 2009 Gwisgoedd a dawnsio traddodiadol Gymreig, Senedd, Dydd Gŵyl Dewi 2009 (3678719264).jpg|thumb|232x232px|Welsh dancer at the Senedd building]]
Traditional dances include Welsh [[Welsh dance|folk dancing]] and [[Welsh stepdance|clog dancing]]. The first mention of dancing in Wales is in a 12th-century account by [[Gerald of Wales|Giraldus Cambrensis]], but by the 19th century traditional dance had all but died out due to religious opposition.<ref name="Davies192">Davies (2008) p. 192</ref> In the 20th century a revival was led by [[Lois Blake]] (1890–1974).<ref name="Davies192" /> Clog dancing was preserved and developed by Hywel Wood (1882–1967) and others who perpetuated the art on local and national stages.<ref name="Davies193">Davies (2008) p. 193</ref> The Welsh Folk Dance Society was founded in 1949.<ref name="Davies193" /> [[Contemporary dance]] grew out of Cardiff in the 1970s.<ref name="Davies193" /> The [[National Dance Company Wales]], formed in 1983, is now resident at the Wales Millennium Centre.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Mike |date=22 February 2013 |title=30th birthday celebrations for National Dance Company Wales |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/showbiz/2013/02/22/30th-birthday-celebrations-for-national-dance-company-wales-91466-32856193/ |access-date=28 February 2013 |publisher=walesonline.co.uk}}</ref>