Editing Ulaanbaatar (section)

=== Transport ===
Ulaanbaatar serves as the country's primary road, air, and rail hub. Transport within Ulaanbaatar is conducted through private cars, public transport ([[bus]]es, [[trolleybus]]es, and [[taxi]]s), as well as informal taxis and minivans.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Planning safe, sustainable, resilient, and inclusive public transport in Ulaanbaatar |url=https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6299/ESCAP-2022-RP-Planning-safe-sustainable-resilient-and-inclusive-public-transport-in-Ulaanbaatar.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|UNESCAP]]}}</ref> As of 2021, the total number of registered vehicles in the city was 662,644.<ref name=":02" />

==== Public transport ====
{{See also|Trolleybuses in Ulaanbaatar}}
Buses are the main form of public transport in Ulaanbaatar. As of 2021, 950 buses from 19 companies served 105 routes and 1169 bus stops. Daily ridership is 480-500 thousand.<ref name="UNESCAP">{{Cite web |date=9 September 2022 |script-title=mn:Улаанбаатар хотын нийтийн тээврийн систем |url=https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/event-documents/2_Public_transport_system_Ulaanbaatar.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203103447/https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/event-documents/2_Public_transport_system_Ulaanbaatar.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|UNESCAP]]}}</ref> The bus fleet consists of 18 [[articulated bus]]es, 1129 high capacity [[bus]]es, 42 [[trolleybus]]es, 46 medium capacity buses, and 46 small capacity buses.<ref name="UNESCAP" />

In 2021, public transport usage totaled 147 million passengers, with 61% of the population using public transport.<ref name="UNESCAP" />

In July 2015, a smart card system was rolled out for bus fare payments (U Money) - previously the bus network had conductors from which tickets would be bought using cash. As of 2021, fares are 100-200₮ for children and 300-500₮ for adults.<ref name="UNESCAP" />

8 companies operate 372 official taxis within the city as of 2021,<ref name="UNESCAP" /> down from 566 official taxis in 2019.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Eldev-Ochir |first=Erdenechimeg |date=2019 |title=Urban Mobility and Application of Sustainable Urban Transport Index: Ulaanbaatar |url=https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/3516/ESCAP-2019-RP-Urban-mobility-application-sustainable-urban-transport-index.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916045447/https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/3516/ESCAP-2019-RP-Urban-mobility-application-sustainable-urban-transport-index.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=16 Sep 2023 |access-date=16 Sep 2023 |website=[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|UNESCAP]]}}</ref> Usage of unofficial taxis and [[Ridesharing company|ride-sharing apps]] (UBCab) is common.

==== Road ====
As of 2024, the city had 1253&nbsp;km of paved roads,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |author=П. Сайнжаргал |date=2024-06-25 |title=Улаанбаатар хотын хатуу хучилттай авто замын 80 гаруй хувь нь борооны ус зайлуулах шугам сүлжээгүй |url=https://ikon.mn/n/36e5 |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=ikon.mn |language=en}}</ref> and its periphery ([[ger district]]s) are disproportionally underserved by paved roads.<ref name=":04">{{Cite web |last=Eldev-Ochir |first=Erdenechimeg |date=2019 |title=Urban Mobility and Application of Sustainable Urban Transport Index: Ulaanbaatar |url=https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/3516/ESCAP-2019-RP-Urban-mobility-application-sustainable-urban-transport-index.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916045447/https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/3516/ESCAP-2019-RP-Urban-mobility-application-sustainable-urban-transport-index.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|UNESCAP]]}}</ref> 720,000 vehicles were registered in the city as of 2023.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bernama-Xinhua|date=18 December 2023|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news-cars-bikes-trucks/2023/12/991976/mongolias-capital-imposes-odd-even-car-ban-reduce-traffic-jam|title=Mongolia's capital imposes odd-even car ban to reduce traffic jam|work=News Straits Times|access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref>

The city's traffic is concentrated around its main thoroughfares — Peace Avenue ({{lang|mn-Latn|Enkh Taivny örgön chölöö}}), Ikh Toiruu, Narnii Zam, and Chinggis Avenue (''Chinggisiin örgön chölöö'').<ref name="UNESCAP2">{{Cite web |date=9 September 2022 |title=Улаанбаатар хотын нийтийн тээврийн систем |url=https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/event-documents/2_Public_transport_system_Ulaanbaatar.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203103447/https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/event-documents/2_Public_transport_system_Ulaanbaatar.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|UNESCAP]]}}</ref>

[[Traffic congestion|Congestion]] is a major problem in Ulaanbaatar, with average peak hour driving speeds in the city being 8.9&nbsp;km/h in 2021. In the same year, city residents spent an average of 2.5 hours a day stuck in traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mongolia to intensify efforts to reduce traffic congestion in capital |website=XinhuaNet |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-05/19/c_139956161.htm |access-date=2023-09-16}}</ref> Recent studies predict rush hour speeds plummeting to just 5&nbsp;km/hr by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adiya |first=Amar |date=2023-11-17 |title=How Ulaanbaatar's Traffic Gridlock is Affecting Daily Life and What Can Be Done About It |url=https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/ulaanbaatar-s-traffic |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Mongolia Weekly |language=en}}</ref> Another major problem is flooding,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lkhaajav |first=Bolor |date=2023-08-29 |title=The Hidden Cause Behind Mongolia's Deadly Summer Floods |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/the-hidden-cause-behind-mongolias-deadly-summer-floods/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=The Diplomat |language=en-US}}</ref> with only 16% of paved roads having a [[Drainage|drainage system]].<ref name=":3" />

==== Rail ====
[[File:Ulaanbaatar Railway Station.jpg|thumb|[[Ulaanbaatar railway station]]]]
The [[Trans-Mongolian Railway]] crosses the city center in a roughly east-to-west direction, with the main railway hub being [[Ulaanbaatar railway station]].

==== Air ====
Ulaanbaatar is served by [[Chinggis Khaan International Airport]], located {{convert|52|km|0|abbr=on}} south of the city in [[Sergelen, Töv]], which functions as the country's main air hub. It replaced the former [[Buyant-Ukhaa International Airport]] in 2021<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-07-04 |title=New Chinggis Khaan International Airport opens|url=https://montsame.mn/en/read/268963 |website=[[montsame]] |language=en}}</ref> and features flights to destinations in Europe, Asia, and domestic [[Provinces of Mongolia|aimag centers]]. The airport is accessible from Ulaanbaatar via highway with taxis and shuttles operating along the route.

There are 6 helipads in the city.<ref name=":02"/>

==== Future proposals ====
Due to worsening congestion and growth, a number of proposals have been made to improve the city's transport infrastructure, such as the short-lived [[Ulaanbaatar Railbus]], and the proposed [[Ulaanbaatar Metro|subway system]] and [[Ulaanbaatar Tram|tram]]. On 4 April 2024, the construction of the [[Ulaanbaatar Cable Car]] from Yaarma to the Kharkhorin bus station began.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2024 |title=The construction of the cable car started |url=https://news.mn/en/800702/ |access-date=10 April 2024 |work=news.mn}}</ref>