Editing Turtle (section)

=== As food and other uses===

The flesh of captured wild turtles continues to be eaten in Asian cultures,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barzyk |first=James E. |date=November 1999 |title=Turtles in Crisis: The Asian Food Markets |publisher=Tortoise Trust |url=http://www.tortoisetrust.org/articles/asia.html |access-date=November 1, 2012 |archive-date=February 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222091358/http://www.tortoisetrust.org/articles/asia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> while [[turtle soup]] was once a popular dish in [[English cuisine]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Clarkson |first=Janet |title=Soup : a global history|date=2010 |publisher=Reaktion |isbn=978-1-86189-774-9 |page=115 |oclc=642290114}}</ref> Gopher tortoise stew has been popular with some groups in Florida.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Recipes from Another Time |date=October 2001 |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/recipes-from-another-time-52824959/?all |magazine=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |access-date=August 19, 2016 |archive-date=August 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819163959/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/recipes-from-another-time-52824959/?all |url-status=live }}</ref> The supposed aphrodisiac or medicinal properties of turtle eggs created a large trade for them in Southeast Asia.<ref name="WWF"/> Hard-shell turtle plastrons and soft-shell carapaces are widely used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]]; [[Taiwan]] imported nearly 200 metric tons of hard-shells from its neighbors yearly from 1999 to 2008.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Tien-Hsi |year=2009 |last2=Chang |first2=H.-C. |last3=Lue |first3=Kuang-Yang |title=Unregulated Trade in Turtle Shells for Chinese Traditional Medicine in East and Southeast Asia: the Case of Taiwan |journal=Chelonian Conservation and Biology |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=11–18 |doi=10.2744/CCB-0747.1 |s2cid=86821249 }}</ref> A popular medicinal preparation based on herbs and turtle shells is ''[[guilinggao]]'' jelly.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Huan |last2=Wu |first2=Min-Yi |last3=Guo |first3=De-Jian |display-authors=etal |title=Gui-ling-gao (turtle jelly), a traditional Chinese functional food, exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions in splenocytes isolated from BALB/c mice |journal=Journal of Functional Foods |year=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=625–632 |doi=10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.004 |hdl=10397/16357 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> The substance [[tortoiseshell]], usually from the hawksbill turtle, has been used for centuries to make jewelry, tools, and ornaments around the Western Pacific.<ref name="WWF"/> Hawksbills have accordingly been hunted for their shells.<ref name="Cox 2018">{{cite news |last1=Cox |first1=Lisa |title=Hawksbill Turtle Poaching to be Fought with DNA Technology |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/nov/13/hawksbill-turtle-poaching-to-be-fought-with-dna-technology |access-date=7 August 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 12, 2018 |quote=Hawksbills are the only sea turtles hunted for their shells, despite international trade in hawksbill products being banned more than 20 years ago.}}</ref> The trading of tortoiseshell was internationally banned in 1977 by CITES.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Status of the Hawksbill Sea Turtle: The Tortoiseshell Trade |publisher=Sea Turtle Conservancy |date=2007 |url=https://www.conserveturtles.org/11503-2/}}</ref> Some cultures have used turtle shells to make music: Native American [[shaman]]s made them into ceremonial rattles, while [[Aztec]]s, [[Maya civilization|Maya]]s, and [[Mixtec]]s made ''{{lang|az|ayotl}}'' drums.{{sfn|Pryke|2021|pp=58–60}}

<gallery mode="packed" heights="155px">
File:StateLibQld 2 395489 Catching turtles, wood engraving, 1875.jpg|Catching turtles in Australia, 1875|alt=Historic engraving of men catching turtles on a beach
File:TurtleSeafood.jpg|Turtles on sale as food in Canada, 2007|alt=photo of turtles on sale as food in a shop
File:Turtle plastrons as TCM in Xi'an market.jpg|Turtle plastrons for traditional Chinese medicine|alt=Photograph of a box of turtle plastrons in a market
File:Peigne en écaille.jpg|A tortoiseshell comb; the material was expensive and decorative, and widely used for small items.<ref name="Strieker 2001">{{cite web |last=Strieker |first=Gary |title=Tortoiseshell Ban Threatens Japanese Tradition |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/TECH/science/04/10/japan.turtles/ |publisher=CNN |access-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061215162652/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/TECH/science/04/10/japan.turtles/ |archive-date=December 15, 2006 |date=April 10, 2001}}</ref>|alt=Photograph of a decoratively ridged comb made of tortoiseshell
File:Sheldonbasking.JPG|A pet red-eared slider basking on a floating platform under a sun lamp|alt=Photograph of a pet turtle in a terrarium
File:Prohibited from capturing and consuming tutles, Bluefields, Nicaragua.jpg|A notice in [[Bluefields]], [[Nicaragua]] in 2023 indicating that the capturing and consuming of turtles is prohibited
</gallery>